Sustainable Dye Removal from Aqueous Media Using Paronychia carica as a Natural Biosorbent

Year 2026, Volume: 14 Issue: 2 , 477 - 489 , 19.04.2026

Ali Zeytünlüoğlu , Kadriye Esen Erden , Meruyert Kaygusuz

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1686488

https://izlik.org/JA32XB56WY

Abstract

This study explores the use of sustainable natural resources in wastewater treatment, focusing on Paronychia carica, a member of the Magnoliopsida class, as a biosorbent for removing Procion Red dye (PR) from aqueous solutions. The effects of pH, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time on the adsorption performance were systematically investigated. Maximum dye uptake (83%) was achieved after 4 hours with an initial dye concentration of 30 mg L−1 and 0.5 g ofadsorbent at a mildly acidic pH of 4.0. Kinetic analysis revealed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model, with the calculated equilibrium capacity closely matching the experimental value, highlighting the dominant role of available adsorption sites. Equilibrum data were best described by the Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Temkin isotherm models, confirming adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. The mean free adsorption energy from the D–R model (E = 8.53 kJ mol⁻¹) indicated that the physisorption is the primary mechanism. These findings demonstrate that P. carica can efficiently and rapidly remove PR dye under mild conditions. Overall, the study highlights the potential of P. carica as a low-cost, sustainable biosorbent for textile wastewater remediation, promoting eco-friendly treatment and supporting global efforts to reduce industrial pollution.

Keywords

Sustainability , Biosorption , Isotherm , Dye removal , Paronychia carica

Ethical Statement

This study does not involve human or animal participants. All procedures followed scientific and ethical principles, and all referenced studies are appropriately cited.

Supporting Institution

This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK) under the Project No:214Z271.

Project Number

214Z271

Thanks

This study was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK) under the Project No:214Z271. The authors would like to thank Prof. Dr. Ümit BUDAK for plant identification.

DOĞAL BİR BİYOSORBENT OLARAK PARONYCHIA CARICA KULLANILARAK SULU ORTAMDAN SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR BOYA GİDERİMİ

https://izlik.org/JA32XB56WY

Abstract

Bu çalışma, atıksu arıtımında sürdürülebilir doğal kaynakların kullanımını araştırmakta olup, Magnoliopsida sınıfına ait olan Paronychia carica bitkisinin sulu çözeltilerden Procion Red (PR) boyasının gideriminde bir biyosorbent olarak potansiyelini incelemektedir. Adsorpsiyon sürecine pH, başlangıç boya konsantrasyonu, adsorban dozu ve temas süresinin etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. En yüksek boya giderimi (%83), 30 mg L⁻¹ başlangıç boya konsantrasyonu, 0.5 g adsorban miktarı ve hafif asidik (pH 4.0) ortamda 4 saatlik temas süresi sonunda elde edilmiştir. Adsorpsiyon verileri, Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich ve Temkin izoterm modelleriyle iyi uyum göstermiştir. Adsorpsiyonun fiziksel nitelikte olduğu belirlenmiş ve Paronychia carica’nın PR boyasını etkili ve hızlı bir şekilde giderdiği gösterilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Paronychia carica’nın tekstil atıksularının arıtımında biyosorbent olarak umut vadeden bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu doğal malzemenin kullanımı, sadece sürdürülebilirliği teşvik etmekle kalmayıp, aynı zamanda çevre dostu uygulamaları desteklemekte ve endüstriyel kirliliğin azaltılmasına yönelik küresel çabalarla da uyum sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Sürdürülebilirlik , biyosorpsiyon , izoterm , boya giderimi , Paronychia carica

Ethical Statement

Yapılan çalışmada araştırma ve yayın etiğine uyulmuştur.

Supporting Institution

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK)

Project Number

214Z271

Thanks

Bitki tanımlaması için Prof. Ümit BUDAK'a teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

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