Rethinking Differentiability: A Comparative Study of Smooth vs Non-Smooth Activation Functions in CNNs
Abstract
Keywords
Supporting Institution
Ethical Statement
Thanks
References
- Al Wafi, A. Z., & Nugroho, A. (2024). A comparative study of modern activation functions on multi-label CNNs to predict genres based on movie posters. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer Dan Informatika, 10(3), 608–624. https://doi.org/10.26555/jiteki.v10i3.29540
- Atoum, I. A. (2023). Adaptive rectified linear unit (ARELU) for classification problems to solve dying problem in deep learning. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 14(2), 97–102. https://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2023.0140212
- Chanana, G. (2025). Performance analysis of activation functions in molecular property prediction using Message Passing Graph Neural Networks. Chemical Physics, 591, Article 112591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2024.112591
- Dugas, C., Bengio, Y., Bélisle, F., Nadeau, C., & Garcia, R. (2000). Incorporating second-order functional knowledge for better option pricing. In Advances in neural information processing systems (Vol. 13).
- Feng, H. S., & Yang, C. H. (2023). PolyLU: A simple and robust polynomial-based linear unit activation function for deep learning. IEEE Access, 11, 101347–101358. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3315308
- Glorot, X., Bordes, A., & Bengio, Y. (2011). Deep sparse rectifier neural networks. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (pp. 315-323).
- Hannibal, S., Jentzen, A., & Thang, D. M. (2024). Non-convergence to global minimizers in data driven supervised deep learning: Adam and stochastic gradient descent optimization provably fail to converge to global minimizers in the training of deep neural networks with ReLU activation. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2410.10533
- Hong, D., Chen, D., Zhang, Y., Zhou, H., Xie, L., Ju, J., & Tang, J. (2024). Efficient adversarial attack based on moment estimation and lookahead gradient. Electronics, 13(13), Article 2464. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13132464
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Deep Learning, Neural Networks
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Emre Delibaş
*
0000-0001-7564-5020
Türkiye
Publication Date
January 21, 2026
Submission Date
May 23, 2025
Acceptance Date
December 10, 2025
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 14 Number: 1