Bi-2223 seramiklerinin süperiletkenlik ve sertlik özelliklerine CoFe2O4 ilavesinin etkisi

Year 2026, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 130 - 142, 21.01.2026

Musa Doğruer

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1782087

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Bi-2223'ün mekanik, yapısal ve süperiletken özellikleri üzerinde CoFe2O4 (CFO) içerik değişiminin (x = 0,000 ila 0,010) etkisini araştırmaktadır. Vickers mikrosertlik ölçümleri, tane sınırı zayıflaması, yapısal kusurlar ve safsızlık fazlarıyla bağlantılı olarak CFO içeriğinin artmasıyla sertlikte belirgin bir azalma göstermektedir. Girinti boyutu etkisini (ISE) analiz etmek için çoklu sertlik modelleri uygulanmış ve Hays-Kendall modeli plato bölgesine en yakın uyumu sağlamıştır. SEM analizi, daha yüksek CFO katkısının artan tane parçalanmasına, düzensiz tane şekillerine ve azalan tane bağlantısına yol açtığını ortaya koymaktadır. Artan yapısal bozukluk ve artan manyetik saçılma nedeniyle kritik başlangıç sıcaklığının (Tc) 109,8 K'den (CFO-0) 93,4 K'ye (CFO-5) düşmesiyle mıknatıslanma-sıcaklık (M–T) ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Özetle, çalışma CFO eklenmesinin Bi-2223 numunelerinin hem mekanik hem de süperiletken performansında düşüşe yol açtığını, bunun temel nedeninin ise tane sınırı kusurlarının ve manyetik saçılmanın artması olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Bi-2223 , CoFe2O4 , ISE , SEM , Mıknatıslanma.

Effect of CoFe2O4 Addition in the Superconducting and Hardness Characteristics of Bi-2223 Ceramics

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of CoFe2O4 (CFO) content variation (x = 0.000 to 0.010) on the mechanical, structural and superconducting properties of Bi-2223. Vickers microhardness measurements show a clear decrease in hardness with increasing CFO content. This decrease is linked to grain boundary weakening, structural defects, and impurity phases. Multiple hardness models are applied to analyze the indentation size effect (ISE). The Hays-Kendall model provided the closest fit to plateau region. SEM analysis reveals that higher CFO doping leads to increased grain fragmentation, irregular grain shapes, and reduced grain connectivity. Magnetization versus temperature (M–T) measurements are performed. The critical onset temperature (Tc) decreasing from 109.8 K (CFO-0) to 93.4 K (CFO-5) due to enhanced structural disorder and increased magnetic scattering. In summary, the study reveals that adding CFO leads to a decline in both mechanical and superconducting performance of the Bi-2223 samples. This is mainly because of increased grain boundary defects and magnetic scattering.

Keywords

Bi-2223 , CoFe2O4 , ISE , SEM , Magnetization

Ethical Statement

This study does not involve human or animal participants. All procedures followed scientific and ethical principles, and all referenced studies are appropriately cited.

Supporting Institution

This research received no external funding.

Thanks

The author expresses gratitude to Dr. D. Hai Tran of the University of Hanoi, Vietnam, for providing the CFO-doped Bi-2223 samples.

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