Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Microextraction Coupled with Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry for the Determination of Rhodamine B in Water Samples

Elif Yildiz

doi:10.29130/dubited.1882708

TR EN

Su örneklerinden Rhodamin B Tayini için Akıllı Telefon Dijital Görüntüleme Kolorimetrisi ile Birleştirilmiş Metal Oksit Nanoparçacık Destekli Mikroekstraksiyon

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, sulu örneklerden Rodamin-B’nin belirlenmesi amacıyla metal oksit nanopartikülü adsorbent olarak kullanılarak bir mikroekstraksiyon yöntemi geliştirilmiş ve optimize edilmiştir. Metot geliştirme aşamasında adsorbent miktarı, ekstraksiyon ortamının pH’sı, elüsyon çözücüsünün tipi ve hacmi, iyonik şiddet (tuz miktarı), ekstraksiyon süresi ve elüsyon süresi gibi parametrelerin etkileri sistematik olarak incelenmiş ve optimum koşullar belirlenmiştir. Mikroekstraksiyon işleminin ardından Rodamin-B’nin kantitatif tayini akıllı telefon dijital kolorimetri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ayrıca, kolorimetrik ölçümlerde kullanılan özel olarak tasarlanmış ölçüm kutusununda dedektör (akıllı telefon kamerası) ve numune arasındaki mesafe ile ışık kaynağının parlaklığı araştırılarak optimum ölçüm koşulları belirlenmiştir. Geliştirilen yöntemin analitik performansı incelendiğinde, gözlenebilme limiti (GL) 0,013 µg/mL ve tayin limiti (TL) 0,043 µg/mL olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yöntemin kesinliği, 0,3 µg/mL Rodamin-B içeren su örneklerinin aynı gün içerisinde ardışık beş kez analiz edilmesiyle değerlendirilmiş ve gün içi bağıl standart sapma (RSD) % 3,1 olarak bulunmuştur. Günler arası kesinlik çalışmaları sonucunda ise RSD değeri % 4,5 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yöntemin doğruluğu, farklı su örneklerine uygulanarak test edilmiş ve bağıl geri kazanım değerlerinin % 98.0-100.2 aralığında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, geliştirilen yöntemin Rodamin-B’nin su örneklerinde hassas, tekrarlanabilir ve güvenilir bir şekilde tayini için uygun olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

Rodamin-B, mikroekstraksiyon, metal oksit nanopartikülü, dijital kolorimetri, akıllı telefon, su analiz

Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Microextraction Coupled with Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry for the Determination of Rhodamine B in Water Samples

Abstract

A metal oxide nanoparticle-based microextraction method was developed and optimized for the determination of Rhodamine B in aqueous samples. During the method development stage, the effects of adsorbent amount, extraction medium pH, elution solvent type and volume, ionic strength, extraction time, and elution time were systematically investigated and optimized. After the microextraction procedure, quantitative determination of Rhodamine B was carried out using smartphone digital image colorimetry. Furthermore, in colorimetric measurements, optimum measurement conditions were determined by investigating the distance between the detector (smartphone camera) and the sample, as well as the brightness of the light source, in a specially designed measurement box used for colorimetric measurements. The analytical performance of the proposed method was evaluated under optimized conditions. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were determined as 0.013 µg/mL and 0.043 µg/mL, respectively. Method precision was assessed by analyzing water samples spiked with 0.3 µg/mL Rhodamine B five consecutive times within the same day, yielding an intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.1%. Inter-day precision was evaluated by repeated analyses performed on different days, and the inter-day RSD value was calculated as 4.5 %. The applicability of the method was further validated by analyzing different water samples, and relative recovery values were found to be in the range of % 98.0-100.2. The results indicate that the developed metal oxide nanoparticle-assisted microextraction combined with smartphone digital image colorimetry is a simple, sensitive, and reliable analytical method for the determination of Rhodamine B in water samples.

Keywords

Rhodamine B, Microextraction, Metal oxide nanoparticles, Digital colorimetry, Smartphone, Water analysis

Supporting Institution

This research received no external funding.

Ethical Statement

This study does not involve human or animal participants. All procedures followed scientific and ethical principles, and all referenced studies are appropriately cited.

Thanks

The author does not wish to acknowledge any individual or institution.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Separation Science

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Elif Yildiz ^*
0000-0003-3943-5223
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 24, 2026

Submission Date

February 5, 2026

Acceptance Date

May 1, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 14 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1882708

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA32ZU44CW

APA

Yildiz, E. (2026). Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Microextraction Coupled with Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry for the Determination of Rhodamine B in Water Samples. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 14(3), 809-820. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1882708

AMA

1.Yildiz E. Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Microextraction Coupled with Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry for the Determination of Rhodamine B in Water Samples. DUBİTED. 2026;14(3):809-820. doi:10.29130/dubited.1882708

Chicago

Yildiz, Elif. 2026. “Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Microextraction Coupled With Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry for the Determination of Rhodamine B in Water Samples”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 14 (3): 809-20. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1882708.

EndNote

Yildiz E (July 1, 2026) Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Microextraction Coupled with Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry for the Determination of Rhodamine B in Water Samples. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 14 3 809–820.

IEEE

[1]E. Yildiz, “Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Microextraction Coupled with Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry for the Determination of Rhodamine B in Water Samples”, DUBİTED, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 809–820, July 2026, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1882708.

ISNAD

Yildiz, Elif. “Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Microextraction Coupled With Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry for the Determination of Rhodamine B in Water Samples”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 14/3 (July 1, 2026): 809-820. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1882708.

JAMA

1.Yildiz E. Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Microextraction Coupled with Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry for the Determination of Rhodamine B in Water Samples. DUBİTED. 2026;14:809–820.

MLA

Yildiz, Elif. “Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Microextraction Coupled With Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry for the Determination of Rhodamine B in Water Samples”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 14, no. 3, July 2026, pp. 809-20, doi:10.29130/dubited.1882708.

Vancouver

1.Elif Yildiz. Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Microextraction Coupled with Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry for the Determination of Rhodamine B in Water Samples. DUBİTED. 2026 Jul. 1;14(3):809-20. doi:10.29130/dubited.1882708

Su örneklerinden Rhodamin B Tayini için Akıllı Telefon Dijital Görüntüleme Kolorimetrisi ile Birleştirilmiş Metal Oksit Nanoparçacık Destekli Mikroekstraksiyon

Abstract

Keywords

Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Assisted Microextraction Coupled with Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry for the Determination of Rhodamine B in Water Samples

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Ethical Statement

Thanks

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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