Comprehensive Analysis of Particle Production, Transport, and Spatial Dose Distribution in Two Multilayer Shielding Designs for a 50 MeV Proton Accelerator Using FLUKA Monte Carlo Simulations

Demet Sariyer

doi:10.29130/dubited.1945966

TR EN

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, 50 MeV enerjili proton hızlandırıcısı için iki farklı çok katmanlı zırh konfigürasyonunda (Tasarım 1 ve Tasarım 2) meydana gelen ikincil parçacık üretimi ve taşınım süreçleri FLUKA Monte Carlo kodu kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bakır hedef ile etkileşen monoenerjetik proton demeti; fotonlar, nötronlar, protonlar ve hafif nükleer parçacıklardan oluşan karmaşık bir radyasyon alanı oluşturmaktadır. İnelastik etkileşim analizleri, her iki tasarımda da foton üretiminin yaklaşık %50 oran ile baskın olduğunu, bunu nötronların (~%27) ve protonların (~%17) izlediğini göstermiştir. Bu durum, düşük enerji rejiminde elektromanyetik süreçlerin önemli rolünü ortaya koymaktadır. Durdurulan parçacık istatistikleri, birincil protonların yaklaşık %99’unun zırh yapıları içerisinde absorbe edildiğini, hafif iyonların katkısının ise ihmal edilebilir düzeyde kaldığını göstermektedir. Düşük enerjili nötron etkileşimlerinin incelenmesi, üretilen ikincil parçacıkların %97’den fazlasının nötronlardan oluştuğunu ortaya koyarak güçlü bir nötron çoğalma davranışına işaret etmektedir. Her iki zırh tasarımı genel parçacık üretim özellikleri bakımından benzer davranış sergilese de, Tasarım 1 proton başına yaklaşık 4.16 parçacık ile Tasarım 2’ye (~3.74 parçacık/proton) kıyasla biraz daha yüksek nötron çoğalma faktörü üretmiştir. Bu durum, Tasarım 2’nin düşük enerjili nötronların moderasyonunda nispeten daha etkin olduğunu göstermektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, başlangıç parçacık üretiminin elektromanyetik etkileşimler tarafından belirlendiğini, ancak radyasyon alanının gelişiminin esas olarak nötron taşınımı ve çoğalma mekanizmaları tarafından kontrol edildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, x ve y doğrultuları boyunca elde edilen bir boyutlu ortam doz eşdeğeri H*(10) profilleri, zırh konfigürasyonlarının yönsel zayıflatma performansını açık biçimde göstermektedir. Bunun yanında, Monte Carlo simülasyonlarından elde edilen bağıl hata dağılımları hesaplama güvenilirliğinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla analiz edilmiş ve doz sonuçlarının büyük çoğunluğunun kabul edilebilir belirsizlik sınırları içerisinde (genellikle %10’un altında) olduğu doğrulanmıştır. Genel olarak çalışma, parçacık üretim mekanizmaları ve doz dağılım karakteristiklerine ilişkin ayrıntılı fiziksel yorumlar sunarak, düşük enerjili proton hızlandırıcısı ortamlarında çok katmanlı zırh tasarımlarının optimize edilmesine yönelik önemli bilgiler sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Proton hızlandırıcısı, Çok katmanlı zırhlama, İkincil parçacık üretimi, Nötron taşınımı, Monte Carlo simülasyonu

Comprehensive Analysis of Particle Production, Transport, and Spatial Dose Distribution in Two Multilayer Shielding Designs for a 50 MeV Proton Accelerator Using FLUKA Monte Carlo Simulations

Abstract

This study investigates secondary particle production and transport processes in two different multilayer shielding configurations (Design 1 and Design 2) for a 50 MeV proton accelerator using the FLUKA Monte Carlo (MC) code. A monoenergetic proton beam interacting with a copper target generates a complex radiation field composed of photons, neutrons, protons, and light nuclear particles. Analysis of inelastic interactions shows that photon production is dominant in both designs at approximately 50%, followed by neutrons (~27%) and protons (~17%), indicating the significant role of electromagnetic processes in the low-energy regime. Stopping particle statistics reveal that nearly 99% of primary protons are absorbed within the shielding structures, while the contribution of light ions remains negligible. The investigation of low-energy neutron interactions demonstrates a strong neutron multiplication behavior, with more than 97% of the generated secondary particles being neutrons. Although both shielding designs exhibit similar overall particle production characteristics, Design 1 yields a slightly higher neutron multiplication factor (~4.16 particles per proton) compared to Design 2 (~3.74 particles per proton), suggesting that Design 2 provides relatively more effective moderation for low-energy neutrons. These findings indicate that while initial particle production is governed by electromagnetic interactions, the evolution of the radiation field is primarily controlled by neutron transport and multiplication mechanisms. Furthermore, one-dimensional ambient dose equivalent H*(10) profiles along the x and y directions clearly demonstrate the directional attenuation performance of the shielding configurations. In addition, relative error distributions obtained from MC simulations were analyzed to assess computational reliability, confirming that the majority of dose results fall within acceptable uncertainty limits (generally below 10%). Overall, the study provides a detailed physical interpretation of particle production mechanisms and dose distribution characteristics, offering valuable insights for the optimization of multilayer shielding designs in low-energy proton accelerator environments.

Keywords

Proton accelerator, Multilayer shielding, Secondary particle production, Neutron transport, Monte Carlo simulation

Supporting Institution

The numerical calculations reported in this study were performed using the TRUBA high-performance computing resources provided by TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM (National High Performance and Grid Computing Center).

Ethical Statement

This study does not involve human or animal participants. All procedures followed scientific and ethical principles, and all referenced studies are appropriately cited.

Thanks

The numerical calculations reported in this paper were performed using the TRUBA resources provided by TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM, High Performance and Grid Computing Center.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Classical Physics (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Demet Sariyer ^*
0000-0002-7803-111X
Türkiye

Publication Date

October 23, 2026

Submission Date

May 6, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 21, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 14 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1945966

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA44XF88HC

APA

Sariyer, D. (2026). Comprehensive Analysis of Particle Production, Transport, and Spatial Dose Distribution in Two Multilayer Shielding Designs for a 50 MeV Proton Accelerator Using FLUKA Monte Carlo Simulations. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 14(4), 1020-1039. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1945966

AMA

1.Sariyer D. Comprehensive Analysis of Particle Production, Transport, and Spatial Dose Distribution in Two Multilayer Shielding Designs for a 50 MeV Proton Accelerator Using FLUKA Monte Carlo Simulations. DUBİTED. 2026;14(4):1020-1039. doi:10.29130/dubited.1945966

Chicago

Sariyer, Demet. 2026. “Comprehensive Analysis of Particle Production, Transport, and Spatial Dose Distribution in Two Multilayer Shielding Designs for a 50 MeV Proton Accelerator Using FLUKA Monte Carlo Simulations”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 14 (4): 1020-39. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1945966.

EndNote

Sariyer D (October 1, 2026) Comprehensive Analysis of Particle Production, Transport, and Spatial Dose Distribution in Two Multilayer Shielding Designs for a 50 MeV Proton Accelerator Using FLUKA Monte Carlo Simulations. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 14 4 1020–1039.

IEEE

[1]D. Sariyer, “Comprehensive Analysis of Particle Production, Transport, and Spatial Dose Distribution in Two Multilayer Shielding Designs for a 50 MeV Proton Accelerator Using FLUKA Monte Carlo Simulations”, DUBİTED, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1020–1039, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1945966.

ISNAD

Sariyer, Demet. “Comprehensive Analysis of Particle Production, Transport, and Spatial Dose Distribution in Two Multilayer Shielding Designs for a 50 MeV Proton Accelerator Using FLUKA Monte Carlo Simulations”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 14/4 (October 1, 2026): 1020-1039. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1945966.

JAMA

1.Sariyer D. Comprehensive Analysis of Particle Production, Transport, and Spatial Dose Distribution in Two Multilayer Shielding Designs for a 50 MeV Proton Accelerator Using FLUKA Monte Carlo Simulations. DUBİTED. 2026;14:1020–1039.

MLA

Sariyer, Demet. “Comprehensive Analysis of Particle Production, Transport, and Spatial Dose Distribution in Two Multilayer Shielding Designs for a 50 MeV Proton Accelerator Using FLUKA Monte Carlo Simulations”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 14, no. 4, Oct. 2026, pp. 1020-39, doi:10.29130/dubited.1945966.

Vancouver

1.Demet Sariyer. Comprehensive Analysis of Particle Production, Transport, and Spatial Dose Distribution in Two Multilayer Shielding Designs for a 50 MeV Proton Accelerator Using FLUKA Monte Carlo Simulations. DUBİTED. 2026 Oct. 1;14(4):1020-39. doi:10.29130/dubited.1945966

Abstract

Keywords

Comprehensive Analysis of Particle Production, Transport, and Spatial Dose Distribution in Two Multilayer Shielding Designs for a 50 MeV Proton Accelerator Using FLUKA Monte Carlo Simulations

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Ethical Statement

Thanks

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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