Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the Innovation Strategies Scale in the Paper Industry

Ahmet Bora Kırklıkçı

doi:10.29130/dubited.1980128

EN TR

Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the Innovation Strategies Scale in the Paper Industry

Abstract

This study aimed to adapt the Innovation Strategies Scale into Turkish and assess its validity and reliability among employees in the Turkish paper industry. The study included a mixed sample of 380 employees from 89 companies, including production employees, white-collar employees, and managers. The adaptation process included forward–back translation, expert evaluation for content validity, and a pilot study with 14 employees, followed by exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analyses. The final Turkish version consisted of 16 items grouped into three dimensions: process innovation, social innovation, and marketing innovation, explaining 70.989% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.836 to 0.931, and CFA indicated acceptable model fit (χ²/df = 2.987, RMSEA = 0.072, CFI = 0.955, TLI = 0.946). The three-factor structure was retained because the core dimensions of the original scale were supported by the EFA and CFA findings, while eight items were removed based on item–total correlation criteria. The adapted scale provides researchers and practitioners with a valid and reliable instrument for assessing innovation strategies among employees in the Turkish paper industry.

Keywords

Innovation strategies, Cross-cultural adaptation, Psychometric properties, Turkish paper industry, Employee perceptions

Supporting Institution

This research received no external funding.

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee of Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University (Decision No: 02-2025/02; Date: February 24, 2025). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.

Thanks

The author gratefully acknowledges the paper industry companies that supported this study by facilitating data collection and all employees who voluntarily participated in the research.

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, İnovasyon Stratejileri Ölçeğini Türkçeye uyarlamak ve Türk kâğıt endüstrisinde çalışan bireyler üzerinde geçerlik ve güvenirliğini değerlendirmektir. Metodolojik desende yürütülen araştırmaya 89 işletmede çalışan toplam 380 çalışan katılmıştır. Ölçeğin dil uyarlaması, kapsam geçerliği değerlendirmesi, açımlayıcı faktör analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve güvenirlik analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin son hali; süreç inovasyonu, sosyal inovasyon ve pazarlama inovasyonu olmak üzere üç boyutta toplam 16 maddeden oluşmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular, ölçeğin Türkçe formunun yeterli düzeyde geçerli ve güvenilir olduğunu göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, İnovasyon Stratejileri Ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun, kâğıt endüstrisinde çalışanların inovasyon stratejilerine ilişkin algılarını değerlendirmede kullanılabilecek uygun bir ölçme aracı olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

İnovasyon stratejileri, Ölçek uyarlama, Psikometrik geçerlik ve güvenirlik, Türk kâğıt endüstrisi, Çalışan algıları

Supporting Institution

Bu araştırma herhangi bir dış fon veya mali destek almamıştır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma için etik kurul onayı, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kurulundan alınmıştır (Karar No: 02-2025/02; Karar Tarihi: 24 Şubat 2025). Araştırmanın tüm aşamaları Helsinki Bildirgesi ilkelerine uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Veri toplama sürecinden önce tüm katılımcılardan bilgilendirilmiş gönüllü onam alınmıştır.

Thanks

Yazar, bu araştırmanın veri toplama sürecine destek sağlayan kâğıt endüstrisinde faaliyet gösteren işletmelere ve araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan tüm çalışanlara içten teşekkür eder. Araştırmanın gerçekleştirilmesine sağladıkları iş birliği ve değerli katkılar takdirle karşılanmaktadır.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Agricultural Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ahmet Bora Kırklıkçı ^*
0000-0002-0401-8182
Türkiye

Publication Date

October 23, 2026

Submission Date

June 27, 2026

Acceptance Date

September 16, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 14 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1980128

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA26XD99RF

APA

Kırklıkçı, A. B. (2026). Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the Innovation Strategies Scale in the Paper Industry. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 14(4), 1235-1242. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1980128

AMA

1.Kırklıkçı AB. Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the Innovation Strategies Scale in the Paper Industry. DUBİTED. 2026;14(4):1235-1242. doi:10.29130/dubited.1980128

Chicago

Kırklıkçı, Ahmet Bora. 2026. “Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the Innovation Strategies Scale in the Paper Industry”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 14 (4): 1235-42. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1980128.

EndNote

Kırklıkçı AB (October 1, 2026) Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the Innovation Strategies Scale in the Paper Industry. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 14 4 1235–1242.

IEEE

[1]A. B. Kırklıkçı, “Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the Innovation Strategies Scale in the Paper Industry”, DUBİTED, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1235–1242, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1980128.

ISNAD

Kırklıkçı, Ahmet Bora. “Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the Innovation Strategies Scale in the Paper Industry”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 14/4 (October 1, 2026): 1235-1242. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1980128.

JAMA

1.Kırklıkçı AB. Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the Innovation Strategies Scale in the Paper Industry. DUBİTED. 2026;14:1235–1242.

MLA

Kırklıkçı, Ahmet Bora. “Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the Innovation Strategies Scale in the Paper Industry”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 14, no. 4, Oct. 2026, pp. 1235-42, doi:10.29130/dubited.1980128.

Vancouver

1.Ahmet Bora Kırklıkçı. Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the Innovation Strategies Scale in the Paper Industry. DUBİTED. 2026 Oct. 1;14(4):1235-42. doi:10.29130/dubited.1980128

Turkish Adaptation and Validation of the Innovation Strategies Scale in the Paper Industry

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Ethical Statement

Thanks

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Ethical Statement

Thanks

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite