Strength and Durability Performance of Clayey Soil Stabilized with Lime and Marble Powder

Abstract

This paper investigated the effect of freezing-thawing and wetting-drying cycles on the strength and durability of clay soil stabilized with lime and marble powder. The test samples were prepared by adding 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of marble powder, without and with 6% lime to the soil which is a high plasticity clay (CH) according to the Unified Soil Classification System. Unconfined compressive strength tests were performed after 7 and 28 days of curing periods. The durability behavior of the samples was examined by applying freezing-thawing and wetting-drying cycles to the prepared samples. The results of this study show that the presence of marble powder in the soil mixture has an important role in the improvement of strength. An increase in the number of wetting-drying cycles does not decrease the volumetric stability of the samples stabilized with marble powder. The use of lime and marble powder together increased the strength values compared to the natural soil and the use of lime only. It was concluded that the co-use of lime and marble powder had a positive effect on the strength and durability behavior of high plasticity clayey soil.

Keywords

• Soil stabilization
• lime
• marble powder
• freezing-thawing
• wetting-drying

Kireç ve Mermer Tozu ile Stabilize Edilmiş Killi Zeminlerin Dayanım ve Durabilite Performansı

Abstract

Bu çalışma, donma-çözülme ve ıslanma-kuruma çevrimlerinin kireç ve mermer tozu ile stabilize edilmiş kil zeminin dayanım ve durabilitesi üzerindeki etkisini araştırmıştır. Birleşik Zemin Sınıflandırma Sistemi’ne göre yüksek plastisiteli bir kil (CH) olan zemine kireçsiz ve %6 kireçli olarak %5, %10, %15 ve %20 mermer tozu eklenerek test numuneleri hazırlanmıştır. 7 ve 28 günlük kür sürelerinden sonra serbest basınç dayanımı testleri yapılmıştır. Numunelerin durabilite davranışı, hazırlanan numunelere donma-çözülme ve ıslanma-kuruma çevrimleri uygulanarak incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları zemin karışımında mermer tozunun varlığının, dayanım artışında önemli bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Islanma-kuruma çevrimlerindeki artış, mermer tozu ile stabilize edilen numunelerin hacimsel kararlılığını azaltmamıştır. Kireç ve mermer tozunun birlikte kullanılması, doğal zemine ve sadece kireç kullanımına kıyasla mukavemet değerlerini arttırmıştır. Kireç ve mermer tozunun birlikte kullanılmasının, yüksek plastisiteli killi zeminin dayanım ve durabilite davranışı üzerinde olumlu bir etkisi olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

• Zemin stabilizasyonu
• kireç
• mermer tozu
• donma-çözülme
• ıslanma-kuruma

References

1. [1] A. Tunç, Yol Mühendisliğinde Geoteknik ve Uygulamaları. İstanbul, Turkey: Atlas Yayın Dağıtım, 2002, pp. 253-563.
2. [2] B. A. Uzuner, Temel Mühendisliğine Giriş, Trabzon, Turkey: Derya Kitapevi, 2013, pp. 342-359.
3. [3] M. Aytekin, Deneysel Zemin Mekaniği. Ankara, Turkey: Teknik Yayınevi, 2004.
4. [4] S. A. Ola, “The Geology and Geotechnical Properties of The Black Cotton Soils of Northeastern Nigeria,” Engineering Geology, vol. 12, pp. 375-391, 1978.
5. [5] F. G. Bell, “Lime Stabilization of Clay Minerals and Soils,” Enginerring Geology, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 223-237, 1996.
6. [6] Goldberg, I. and Klein, A., “Some Effects of Treating Expansive Clays with Calcium Hydroxide,” ASTM Special Publication 142, Symp. on Exchange Phenomenon in Soils, pp. 112-128, 1952.
7. [7] Clare, K., E. and Crunchley, A., E., “Laboratory Experiments in the Stabilization of Clays with Hydrated Lime”, Geotechnique, vol. 5, pp. 97-111, 1957.
8. [8] Terrel, R., L., Epps, A., Barenberg, J., E., Mitchell, J., K. and Thompson, M., R., “Soil Stabilization”, FHWA, U.S. Department of Transportation, 1979.

9. [9] Yılmaz, F., and Kocabey, S., “Effect of Fineness on Lime Stabilization of Low Plasticity Clays”, Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 5449-5458, 2020.
10. [10] Yılmaz, F., & Fidan, D., “Influence of Freeze-Thaw on Strength of Clayey Soil Stabilized with Lime and Perlite”, Geomechanics and Engineering, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 301-306, 2018.
11. [11] Evans, G., L. and Bell, D., H., “Chemical Stabilization Odloes”, New Zealand 10th ICSMFE, Stockholm, vol. 3, pp. 649-658, 1981.
12. [12] Guney, Y., Sari, D., Cetin, M. and Tuncan, M., “Impact of Cyclic Wetting-Drying on Swelling Behavior of Lime-Stabilized Soil,” Building and Environment, vol. 42, pp. 681-688, 2007.
13. [13] A. Yorulmaz, “Evaluation of the Strength of Clay Soil Stabilized By Marble Dust Wastes with Freeze-Thaw Effect and Time-Dependent Change By Means of CBR (California bearing ratio) Tests,” M.S. Thesis, Dept. Civil Eng., Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Institute of Science, Niğde, Turkey, 2018.
14. [14] İ. Zorluer and M. Usta, “Zeminlerin Atık Mermer Tozu ile İyileştirilmesi,” Turkey IV. Marble Symposium, Afyonkarahisar, 2003.
15. [15] Al-Rawas A.A., Taha R., Nelson J.D., Al-Shab T.B., Al-Siyabi H., “A Comparative Evaluation of Varios Additives Used in the Stabilization of Expansive Soils,” Geotechnical Testing Journal, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 199-209, 2002.
16. [16] Yıldırım S., Zeminlerin İncelenmesi ve Temel Tasarımı, İstanbul, Turkey: Birsen Yayınevi, 2002, pp. 438-453.
17. [17] Yılmaz F., “Zemin Stabilizasyonunda Puzolanik Katkı İnceliğinin Dayanıma Etkisi,” Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 17, pp. 1048-1054, 2017.
18. [18] Yılmaz F. and Fidan D., “Effect of Wetting-Drying Cycles on Volumetric Stability of Clayey Soil Stabilized with Lime and Perlite,” European Journal of Technique, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 207-218, 2017.
19. [19] A. Atterberg, “The Behaviour of Clays with Water, Their Limits of Plasticity and Their Degrees of Plasticity,” Kungliga Lantbruksakademiens Handlingor Och Tidskrift, vol. 50, no. 2, pp.132-158, 1911.
20. [20] Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer, ASTM D854-10, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010. [Online]. Available: www.astm.org.
21. [21] Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils, ASTM D422-63(1998), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1998. [Online]. Available: www.astm.org
22. [22] Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils, ASTM D4318-10, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2010. [Online]. Available: www.astm.org.
23. [23] Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)), ASTM D698-12e2, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012. [Online]. Available: www.astm.org.
24. [24] Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil, ASTM D2166 / D2166M-16, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016. [Online]. Available: www.astm.org.
25. [25] Standard Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures, ASTM D560 / D560M-16, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016. [Online]. Available: www.astm.org.
26. [26] Standard Test Methods for Wetting and Drying Compacted Soil-Cement Mixtures, ASTM D559 / D559M-15, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015. [Online]. Available: www.astm.org.