Evaluation of Spinosad and Different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillaceae) Strains against the Larvae of Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Abstract
In this study, Bacillus thrungiensis aizawai Bonnefoi & de Barjac, 1963 (Florbac), different isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) kurstaki Berliner, 1915 (Biobit, Delfin, Rapax, Rebound) and spinosad (Spintor) were assessed for their efficacy against different instars of Hyphantria cunea (Drury, 1773) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) under laboratory and field conditions in 2019 in Duzce Province, Turkey. Spinosad was the most effective bioinsecticide, followed by Bt aizawai and Bt kurstaki isolates against various instars of H. cunea. In the laboratory, at 96 hour post-treatment, spinosad caused 98% mortality in 2nd and 3rd instars, and 83% mortality in 4th and 5th instars; Bt aizawai caused 98% mortality in 2nd and 3rd instars and 43% mortality in 4th and 5th instars; and Bt kurstaki isolates caused 95% mortality in 2nd and 3rd instars and 51% mortality in 4th and 5th instars. The results from the field study showed similar trends. The older instars were less susceptible to all the tested bioinsecticides than the younger instars, which may be attributable to the phenomenon known as “maturation immunity”. Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki has already been recommended for management of this pest. Whereas the data indicated that spinosad and Bt aizawai could also be used as bioinsecticides for control H. cunea larvae.
Keywords
Bacillus thuringiensis, spinosad, Hyphantria cunea
Supporting Institution
Düzce Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Thanks
We thank to Dr. Salih Tunc KAYA from Duzce University for his assistance in the analyses of data. We also thank to Dr. Derya ULUĞ from Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey and Dr. Harry K. KAYA from University of California, Davis, CA, USA for comments and advice on an earlier version of the manuscript. and for support of this study. This is a dissertation thesis in Institute of Science in Duzce University
References
- [1] T. D. Schowalter, D. R. Ring, “Biology and Management of the Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae),” Journal of Integrated Pest Management, vol. 8, pp. 1-6, 2017.
- [2] C. Tuncer, İ. A. Kansu, “Konukçu bitkilerin Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae)'ya etkileri üzerine araştırmalar,” Türk Entomoloji Dergisi, vol. 18, pp. 209-222, 1994.
- [3] E. Akkuzu, T. Mol, “Amerikan beyaz kelebeği (Hyphantria cunea (Dry.)) üzerine biyolojik ve morfolojik araştırmalar,” Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, pp. 50-57, 2006.
- [4] D. L. Wagner, Caterpillars of Eastern North America, Princeton University, Princeton, USA: Princeton University Press, 2005.
- [5] Anonymous, “Bacillus thrungiensis aizawai strain abts-1857 aktif madde detay” [Online]. Available: https://bku.tarim.gov.tr/AktifMadde/Details/741. Accessed: 06.01.2018.
- [6] T. Sparks C., G. D. Thompson, L. L. Larson, H. A. Kirst, O. K. Jantz, et al. “Biological characteristics of the spinosyns: a new naturally derived insect control agent”, Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 1995, pp. 903-907.
- [7] A. D. Jr. Oliver, “An Ecological Study of the Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury), in Louisiana”, Ph.D. dissertation, Louisiana State University, Louisiana, USA, 1963. [Online]. Avaible: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/820. Accessed: 12.06.2018.
- [8] I. Saruhan, I. Akca, R. Kushiyev, “Toxicity of Some Biopesticides to the Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea Durry (Lepidoptera: Arctidae),” Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, vol. 24, pp. 255-257, 2014.
- [9] SPSS 22.0. Statistics for Windows (2013). IBM
- [10] W. S. Abbott, “A method for computing the effectiveness of an insecticide,” Journal of Economic Entomology, vol. 18, pp. 265-267, 1925.