A Review of Used Methods and Developments in 3D Printer Technologies

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printer technologies, as today's promising technique, has been drawn attention to the production of innovative products/parts that can be used in various fields. It can produce materials with desired mechanical and structural properties with 3D technologies. As compared to traditional production methods, the promising technology provides flexibility in product design, and contributes to increase material, energy, and cost efficiency in manufacturing system. Herein, 3B printer technologies are divided into seven different groups according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) classification. AM methods are explained by considering working principles, and the type of material, as well as studies conducted with 3B printers using these methods were examined. This study shows that in 3D printer technologies, polymers, metals and alloys, ceramics and composite materials can be utilized as raw materials and post-printing secondary processes promote to produce parts with excellent mechanical properties. On the other hand, the technologies have been expected to open new horizons for easily creating prototypes and production of components using plastics, metals, metal alloys and ceramic materials used in a wide range of industrial sectors, including automotive, defence, aerospace, and rail transport. Nowadays, the number of raw materials for 3D technologies are limited and, recent studies should be directed to investigate new materials.

Keywords

• Additive manufacturing
• 3D printer
• 3D technology
• Innovative materials

3B Yazıcı Teknolojilerindeki Kullanılan Yöntemler ve Gelişmeler Üzerine Bir Derleme

Abstract

Günümüzün umut vadeden teknolojisi olarak eklemeli imalat (Eİ) veya 3B yazıcı teknolojileri farklı alanlarda kullanılabilecek ürünlerin/parçaların üretilmesi konusunda dikkatleri üzerine çekmektedir. 3B yazıcı teknolojileri ile farklı malzemeler kullanılarak istenilen mekanik ve yapısal özelliklere sahip parçalar üretilebilmektedir. Bu teknolojiler geleneksel üretim yöntemlerine göre parça tasarımında esneklik, üretim sürecinde ise malzeme, enerji ve maliyet tasarrufu sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 3B yazıcı teknolojileri, Amerikan Test ve Malzeme Derneği (ASTM) tarafından yapılan sınıflandırma temel alınarak yedi ana baslık altında sınıflandırılmıştır. Eİ yöntemleri çalışma prensibi ve kullanılan malzeme türü dikkate alınarak anlatılmış ve 3B yazıcılar ile yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, 3B yazıcı teknolojilerinde polimerler, metal ve alaşımları, seramikler ve kompozit malzemelerin hammadde olarak kullanılabildiği ve baskı sonrası ikincil işlemler ile oldukça yüksek mekanik özelliklere sahip parçaların üretilebildiğini göstermektedir. Diğer yandan, 3B baskı teknolojilerinin otomotiv, savunma, havacılık ve demiryolu taşımacılığı da dahil olmak üzere çok çeşitli endüstriyel sektörlerde kolayca prototip oluşturma ve bileşenlerin üretiminde yeni ufuklar açacağı beklenmektedir. Ancak 3B teknolojilerinde kullanılan malzeme sayısı şu an için oldukça sınırlıdır ve çalışmalar bu teknolojilerde kullanılabilecek yeni malzemelerin araştırılması üzerine yoğunlaşmalıdır.

Keywords

• Eklemeli imalat
• 3B yazıcılar
• 3B teknolojisi
• Yenilikçi malzemeler

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