An Assessment of Chromium (VI) Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Gelatin/PAAm-based IPN Hydrogels
Abstract
In this work, gelatin (G)-polyacrylamide (PAAm)-based interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels involving maleic acid (MA) was prepared using by radical polymerization. Full-IPN and semi-IPN hydrogels were synthesized by using glutaraldehyde and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a crosslinker. The water absorbency of hydrogels was investigated, and the values increased with MA and G. The chemical structures of full-IPN and semi-IPN hydrogels were tested by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Morphological test was done by using Scanning Electron Microscope/ Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Thermal properties were examined with Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analyzer and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The mechanical analysis was performed with Zwick Universal Testing Machine. Thermal and mechanical stabilities of full-IPN hydrogel was higher than semi-IPN. The efficiency of adsorption parameters (contact time, initial feed concentration, and pH) on Chromium (VI) ion adsorbing property of Full-IPN hydrogel was also determined. Isotherms were explained with the Langmuir or Freundlich equations. According to the results of both isotherms, it can be said that the hydrogel surface was homogeneous, and the adsorption of Chromium (VI) occurred in a monolayer.
Keywords
Polyacrylamide, Gelatin, hydrogel, adsorption, chromium (VI), metal removal
References
- Referans1 P.Souda and L Sreejith, “Poly (acrylate-acrylic acid-co-maleic acid) hydrogel: a cost effective and efficient method for removal of metal ions from water,” Separation Science and Technology, c. 48, s. 18, ss. 2795-2803, 2013.
- Referans2 R. Torres-García, J. Flores-Estrada, J. V. Cauich-Rodríguez, M. Flores-Reyes and M. V. Flores-Merino, “Design of a polyacrylamide and gelatin hydrogel as a synthetic extracellular matrix.” International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials, ss. 1-12, 2020.
- Referans3 A. Martínez-Ruvalcaba, F. Becerra-Bracamontes, J. C. Sánchez-Díaz and A.González-Alvarez, “Polyacrylamide-gelatin polymeric networks: effect of pH and gelatin concentration on the swelling kinetics and mechanical properties,” Polymer Bulletin, c. 62, s. 4, ss. 539-548, 2009.
- Referans4 H. Ferfera-Harrar, N. Aiouaz and N. Dairi, “Synthesis and properties of chitosan-graft polyacrylamide/gelatin superabsorbent composites for wastewater purification.,” Polymer, c. 6, s. 9, ss. 757-764, 2015.
- Referans5 M. Jaiswal, V. Koul, A. K. Dinda, S. Mohanty and K.G. Jain, “Cell adhesion and proliferation studies on semi‐interpenetrating polymeric networks (semi‐IPNs) of polyacrylamide and gelatin,” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, c. 98, s. 2, ss. 342-350, 2011.
- Referans6 O.V. Maikovych, N.G. Nosova, M.V. Yakoviv, À. Dron, A.V. Stasiuk, V.Ya. Samaryk, S.M. Varvarenko, S.A. Voronov, “Composite materials based on polyacrylamide and gelatin reinforced wıth polypropylene microfiber,” Voprosy khimii i khimicheskoi tekhnologii, c. 1, ss. 45-54, 2021.
- Referans7 A. K. Bajpai and H. Bundela, “Influence of gelatin on the properties of hydroxyapatite–polyacrylamide nanocomposite as a potential bone substitute,” Composite Interfaces, c. 15, s. 7-9, ss. 709-729, 2008.
- Referans8 M. P. Das, P. R. Suguna, K. Prasad, J. V. Vijaylakshmi and M. Renuka, “Extraction and characterization of gelatin: a functional biopolymer,” International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, c. 9, s. 239, ss.10-22159, 2017.
- Referans9 A. M. Patel, R. G. Patel and M. P. Patel, “Super Absorbent Hydrogel Based on Poly [acrylamide/maleic acid/2-methacryloxy ethyl trimethylammonium chloride]: Synthesis, Characterization and their Application in the Removal of Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solution,” Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part A, c. 48, s. 5, ss. 339-347, 2011.
- Referans10 T. Caykara, C. Özyürek, Ö. Kantoğlu and B. Erdoğan, “Thermal behavior of poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-maleic acid) networks,” Polymer Degradation and Stability, c.80, s. 2, ss. 339-343, 2003.