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The Effect of Pine Mistletoe (Viscum album L. subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman) on Wood Anatomy of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 1354 - 1363, 01.08.2018
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.438455

Abstract

Mistletoe is a hemiparasitic evergreen angiospermae
shrub, growing on trunk and branches of the host. It uses root like structures,
called haustorium, penetrating into xylem of trunk and branches. They take up
water and nutrients from host trees and use them in the process of photosynthesis.
It causes substantial morphological and anatomical changes in the host plants.
The objective of this study is to determine the effect of Viscum album L. subsp. austriacum
(Wiesb.) Vollman (pine mistletoe) on the wood anatomical features of Pinus sylvestris (scots pine). In 
this regard, a total of twenty trees (5 uninfected and 15 infected) was selected form a pure scots pine forest in Torul
district, in Gümüşhane vilayet. Transverse, radial and tangential sections were
obtained from wood discs taken from the sampled trees. Using the permanent
preparations, the wood anatomical features analyzed were; number of tracheid
(per mm²), tracheid radial and tangential lumen diameter, tracheid lumen area,
double wall thickness for both early and late wood tracheid, tracheid length,
ray height and width and the number of rays (per mm). The anatomical features
were measured using an image processing software integrated with digital
photomicroscope. Results showed that there was a great variation in the wood
anatomical features of mistletoe-infected trees as compared to those in uninfected
trees. The range of the variation was between 18,46 and 81,68%.

References

  • [1] A. G. Miller, “Loranthaceae. In: Davis PH (ed.). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands,” Edinburg University Press, vol. 7, pp. 547, 1982.
  • [2] D. Zuber, “Biological flora of central Europe: Viscum album L.,” Flora, vol. 199, no. 3, pp. 181-203, 2004.
  • [3] G. Glatzel, “Mineral Nutrition and Water Relations of Hemiparasitic Mistletoes a Question of Partitioning Experiments with Loranthus europaeus on Quercus petraea and Quercus robur,” Oecologia, vol.56 no.2-3, pp.193-201, 1983.
  • [4] K. U. Tennakoon and J. S. Pate, “Effects of parasitism by a mistletoe on the structure and functioning of branches of its host,” Plant Cell and Environment, vol.19, no. 5, pp. 517-528, 1996.
  • [5] M. Popp and A. Richter, “Ecophysiology of Xylem-Tapping Mistletoes,” Progress in Botany: Genetics Cell Biology and Physiology Ecology and Vegetation Science, Berlin, Heidelberg: pp. 659-674, 1998.
  • [6] D. M. Watson, “Mistletoe - A keystone resource in forests and woodlands worldwide,” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol. 32, pp.219-249, 2001.
  • [7] L., Teixeira-Costa and G. Ceccantini, “Embolism increase and anatomical modifications caused by a parasitic plant: (Santalaceae) on (Anacardiaceae)” IAWA Journal, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 138-151, 2015.
  • [8] I. Ullmann, O. L. Lange, H. Ziegler, J. Ehleringer, E. D. Schulze and I. R. Cowan, “Diurnal Courses of Leaf Conductance and Transpiration of Mistletoes and Their Hosts in Central Australia,” Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 577-587, 1985.
  • [9] R. L. Mathiasen, D. L. Nickrent, D. C. Shaw and D. M. Watson, “Mistletoes: Pathology, systematics, ecology, and management,” Plant Disease, vol. 92, no. 7, pp. 988-1006, 2008.
  • [10] G. Glatzel and B.W. Geils, “Mistletoe ecophysiology: host-parasite interactions,” Botany-Botanique, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 10-15, 2009.
  • [11] F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens, “Dwarf mistletoes: Biology, pathology, and systematics,” Washington, D.C., U.S: Department of Agriculture Forest Service, 1996, pp. 130.
  • [12] E. Bilgili, M. Öztürk, K.A. Coşkuner, B. Serdar, İ. Baysal ve Y. Usta, “The Effect of Mistletoe on Vertical Resin Duct Density of Scots Pine Wood,” International Conferance on Agriculture, Forest, Food Sciences and Technologies, Cappadocia, Turkey, 2017, p. 623.
  • [13] H. Ulusoy, N. Ay ve H. Peker, “Ökseotu (Viscum album L.)’nun Sarıçam Odununun Bazı Mekanik Özelliklerine Etkisi,” Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, c. 10, s. 2, ss. 15-22, 2017.
  • [14] MGM, Gümüşhane meteoroloji istasyonu, 1926-2016 yılları arası meteorolojik veriler, 2017.
  • [15] Z. Gerçek, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Egzotik Gymnospermae (Açık Tohumlular) Taksonlarının Odun Atlası, Trabzon, Türkiye: KTÜ Basımevi, 2011, ss. 1.
  • [16] N. Merev, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Doğal Angiospermae Taksonlarının Odun Anatomisi, Trabzon, Türkiye: KTÜ Basımevi, 1998, ss. 9-12.
  • [17] E. Ives, A Guide to Wood Microtomy: Making Quality Microslides of Wood Sections, Ipswich, United Kingdom, 2001.
  • [18] D. Normand, “Manuel d'identification des bois commerciaux,” Tome 1, Généralités, Nogent-sur-Marne, France: Gerdat-Ctft, 1972.
  • [19] E. Mork, “Die Qualität des Fichtenholzes unter besonderer Rücksichtnahme auf Schleif- und Papierholz,” Der Papier-Fabrikant, vol. 26, pp. 741-747, 1928.
  • [20] M.P. Denne, “Definition of Latewood According to Mork (1928),” Iawa Bulletin, vol. 10, no.1, pp. 59-62, 1989.
  • [21] SPSS, I. C. (2013). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
  • [22] K., Wilson and D. J. B. White, The anatomy of wood: its diversity and variability, London, England: Stobart & Son Ltd., 1986.
  • [23] A. Rigling, B. Eilmann, R. Koechli and M. Dobbertin, “Mistletoe-induced crown degradation in Scots pine in a xeric environment,” Tree Physiology, vol.30, no.7, pp. 845-852, 2010.
  • [24] P. Baas and F. H. Schweingruber, “Ecological Trends in the Wood Anatomy of Trees, Shrubs and Climbers from Europe,” Iawa Bulletin, vol.8, no. 3, pp. 245-274, 1987.
  • [25] L. Corcuera, J. J. Camarero and E. Gil-Pelegrin, “Effects of a severe drought on Quercus ilex radial growth and xylem anatomy,” Trees-Structure and Function, vol. 18, no.1, pp. 83-92, 2004.
  • [26] B. Eilmann, R. Zweifel, N. Buchmann, P. Fonti and A. Rigling, “Drought-induced adaptation of the xylem in Scots pine and pubescent oak,” Tree Physiology, vol. 29, no. 8, pp.1011-1020, 2009.
  • [27] P. W. Rundel and R. E. Stecker, “Morphological adaptations of tracheid structure to water stress gradients in the crown of Sequoiadendron giganteum,” Oecologia, vol. 27, no.2, pp. 135-139, 1977.
  • [28] M. Arend, and J. Fromm, “Seasonal change in the drought response of wood cell development in poplar,” Tree Physiology, vol.27, no.7, pp. 985-992, 2007.
  • [29] S. Mutlu, V. İlhan and H.İ. Türkoğlu, “Mistletoe (Viscum album) infestation in the Scots pine stimulates drought-dependent oxidative damage in summer,” Tree Physiology, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 479-489, 2016.
  • [30] L. Srivastava and K. Esau, “Relation of Dwarfmistletoe (Arceuthobium) to Xylem Tissue of Conifers .1. Anatomy of Parasite Sinkers and Their Connection with Host Xylem,” American Journal of Botany, vol. 48, no. 2, pp.159-167, 1961.
  • [31] D. D. Piirto, D. L. Crews and H. E. Troxell, “The Effects of Dwarf Mistletoe on The Wood Properties of Lodgepole Pine,” Wood and Fiber Sicience, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 26, 1974.

Viscum album L. subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman (Çam ökse otu)'un Pinus sylvestris L. (Sarıçam)'in Odun Elemanlarına Etkisi

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 1354 - 1363, 01.08.2018
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.438455

Abstract

Ökse otları herdem yeşil, yarı
parazit angiosperm bitkileridir. Ağaçların dal ve gövde gibi kısımların da
haustorium adı verilen kök benzeri yapılarını kullanarak konukçusunun ksilemine
nüfuz ederler. Bu sayede konukçunun topraktan aldığı su ve mineral maddelerini
alarak kendi fotosentezlerini yapabilmektedirler. Ökse otları konukçusu olduğu
ağaçlarda önemli morfolojik ve anatomik değişikliklere sebep olurlar. Bu
çalışmanın amacı; Viscum album L.
subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman
(çam ökse otu)’un Pinus sylvestris L.
(Sarıçam)’in odun elemanları üzerine olan etkilerinin nicel olarak
belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla Gümüşhane ili, Torul Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü
sınırları içinde, Sarıçam’ın doğal yayılış gösterdiği ormanlık alanlardan çam
ökse otu bulaşmış ve bulaşmamış toplam 20 adet ağaç (5 kontrol, 15 bulaşık)
belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen bu ağaçların gövdelerinden alınan odun disklerinden
enine, boyuna radyal ve boyuna teğetsel yönde kesitler alınmış ve gerekli
preparasyon işlemleri yapılmıştır. Hazırlanan daimi preparatlar üzerinde odun
örneklerine ait anatomik parametrelere ilişkin; ilkbahar ve yaz odunu boyuna
traheit çift çeper kalınlıkları, ilkbahar ve yaz odunu boyuna traheit lümen
(alanları, teğet çapları ve radyal çapları), özışını (genişlikleri,
yükseklikleri ve 1 mm’deki sayıları), 1 mm2’deki boyuna traheit
sayıları ve boyuna traheit uzunluklarına ilişkin ölçüm ve sayımlar yapılmıştır.
Ölçümler foto mikroskoba bağlı görüntü analiz sistemi yardımıyla
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçülen özellikler arasında kontrol örneklerine kıyasla
bulaşık olan örneklerde, anatomik parametrelerde %18,46 ile %81,68 arasında bir
değişimin olduğu belirlenmiştir. 

References

  • [1] A. G. Miller, “Loranthaceae. In: Davis PH (ed.). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands,” Edinburg University Press, vol. 7, pp. 547, 1982.
  • [2] D. Zuber, “Biological flora of central Europe: Viscum album L.,” Flora, vol. 199, no. 3, pp. 181-203, 2004.
  • [3] G. Glatzel, “Mineral Nutrition and Water Relations of Hemiparasitic Mistletoes a Question of Partitioning Experiments with Loranthus europaeus on Quercus petraea and Quercus robur,” Oecologia, vol.56 no.2-3, pp.193-201, 1983.
  • [4] K. U. Tennakoon and J. S. Pate, “Effects of parasitism by a mistletoe on the structure and functioning of branches of its host,” Plant Cell and Environment, vol.19, no. 5, pp. 517-528, 1996.
  • [5] M. Popp and A. Richter, “Ecophysiology of Xylem-Tapping Mistletoes,” Progress in Botany: Genetics Cell Biology and Physiology Ecology and Vegetation Science, Berlin, Heidelberg: pp. 659-674, 1998.
  • [6] D. M. Watson, “Mistletoe - A keystone resource in forests and woodlands worldwide,” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol. 32, pp.219-249, 2001.
  • [7] L., Teixeira-Costa and G. Ceccantini, “Embolism increase and anatomical modifications caused by a parasitic plant: (Santalaceae) on (Anacardiaceae)” IAWA Journal, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 138-151, 2015.
  • [8] I. Ullmann, O. L. Lange, H. Ziegler, J. Ehleringer, E. D. Schulze and I. R. Cowan, “Diurnal Courses of Leaf Conductance and Transpiration of Mistletoes and Their Hosts in Central Australia,” Oecologia, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 577-587, 1985.
  • [9] R. L. Mathiasen, D. L. Nickrent, D. C. Shaw and D. M. Watson, “Mistletoes: Pathology, systematics, ecology, and management,” Plant Disease, vol. 92, no. 7, pp. 988-1006, 2008.
  • [10] G. Glatzel and B.W. Geils, “Mistletoe ecophysiology: host-parasite interactions,” Botany-Botanique, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 10-15, 2009.
  • [11] F. G. Hawksworth and D. Wiens, “Dwarf mistletoes: Biology, pathology, and systematics,” Washington, D.C., U.S: Department of Agriculture Forest Service, 1996, pp. 130.
  • [12] E. Bilgili, M. Öztürk, K.A. Coşkuner, B. Serdar, İ. Baysal ve Y. Usta, “The Effect of Mistletoe on Vertical Resin Duct Density of Scots Pine Wood,” International Conferance on Agriculture, Forest, Food Sciences and Technologies, Cappadocia, Turkey, 2017, p. 623.
  • [13] H. Ulusoy, N. Ay ve H. Peker, “Ökseotu (Viscum album L.)’nun Sarıçam Odununun Bazı Mekanik Özelliklerine Etkisi,” Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, c. 10, s. 2, ss. 15-22, 2017.
  • [14] MGM, Gümüşhane meteoroloji istasyonu, 1926-2016 yılları arası meteorolojik veriler, 2017.
  • [15] Z. Gerçek, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Egzotik Gymnospermae (Açık Tohumlular) Taksonlarının Odun Atlası, Trabzon, Türkiye: KTÜ Basımevi, 2011, ss. 1.
  • [16] N. Merev, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Doğal Angiospermae Taksonlarının Odun Anatomisi, Trabzon, Türkiye: KTÜ Basımevi, 1998, ss. 9-12.
  • [17] E. Ives, A Guide to Wood Microtomy: Making Quality Microslides of Wood Sections, Ipswich, United Kingdom, 2001.
  • [18] D. Normand, “Manuel d'identification des bois commerciaux,” Tome 1, Généralités, Nogent-sur-Marne, France: Gerdat-Ctft, 1972.
  • [19] E. Mork, “Die Qualität des Fichtenholzes unter besonderer Rücksichtnahme auf Schleif- und Papierholz,” Der Papier-Fabrikant, vol. 26, pp. 741-747, 1928.
  • [20] M.P. Denne, “Definition of Latewood According to Mork (1928),” Iawa Bulletin, vol. 10, no.1, pp. 59-62, 1989.
  • [21] SPSS, I. C. (2013). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
  • [22] K., Wilson and D. J. B. White, The anatomy of wood: its diversity and variability, London, England: Stobart & Son Ltd., 1986.
  • [23] A. Rigling, B. Eilmann, R. Koechli and M. Dobbertin, “Mistletoe-induced crown degradation in Scots pine in a xeric environment,” Tree Physiology, vol.30, no.7, pp. 845-852, 2010.
  • [24] P. Baas and F. H. Schweingruber, “Ecological Trends in the Wood Anatomy of Trees, Shrubs and Climbers from Europe,” Iawa Bulletin, vol.8, no. 3, pp. 245-274, 1987.
  • [25] L. Corcuera, J. J. Camarero and E. Gil-Pelegrin, “Effects of a severe drought on Quercus ilex radial growth and xylem anatomy,” Trees-Structure and Function, vol. 18, no.1, pp. 83-92, 2004.
  • [26] B. Eilmann, R. Zweifel, N. Buchmann, P. Fonti and A. Rigling, “Drought-induced adaptation of the xylem in Scots pine and pubescent oak,” Tree Physiology, vol. 29, no. 8, pp.1011-1020, 2009.
  • [27] P. W. Rundel and R. E. Stecker, “Morphological adaptations of tracheid structure to water stress gradients in the crown of Sequoiadendron giganteum,” Oecologia, vol. 27, no.2, pp. 135-139, 1977.
  • [28] M. Arend, and J. Fromm, “Seasonal change in the drought response of wood cell development in poplar,” Tree Physiology, vol.27, no.7, pp. 985-992, 2007.
  • [29] S. Mutlu, V. İlhan and H.İ. Türkoğlu, “Mistletoe (Viscum album) infestation in the Scots pine stimulates drought-dependent oxidative damage in summer,” Tree Physiology, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 479-489, 2016.
  • [30] L. Srivastava and K. Esau, “Relation of Dwarfmistletoe (Arceuthobium) to Xylem Tissue of Conifers .1. Anatomy of Parasite Sinkers and Their Connection with Host Xylem,” American Journal of Botany, vol. 48, no. 2, pp.159-167, 1961.
  • [31] D. D. Piirto, D. L. Crews and H. E. Troxell, “The Effects of Dwarf Mistletoe on The Wood Properties of Lodgepole Pine,” Wood and Fiber Sicience, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 26, 1974.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Çağdaş Göl This is me

Bedri Serdar

Murat Öztürk 0000-0003-1405-036X

Kadir Alperen Coşkuner 0000-0001-5249-1604

Ertuğrul Bilgili

Publication Date August 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Göl, Ç., Serdar, B., Öztürk, M., Coşkuner, K. A., et al. (2018). Viscum album L. subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman (Çam ökse otu)’un Pinus sylvestris L. (Sarıçam)’in Odun Elemanlarına Etkisi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 6(4), 1354-1363. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.438455
AMA Göl Ç, Serdar B, Öztürk M, Coşkuner KA, Bilgili E. Viscum album L. subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman (Çam ökse otu)’un Pinus sylvestris L. (Sarıçam)’in Odun Elemanlarına Etkisi. DUBİTED. August 2018;6(4):1354-1363. doi:10.29130/dubited.438455
Chicago Göl, Çağdaş, Bedri Serdar, Murat Öztürk, Kadir Alperen Coşkuner, and Ertuğrul Bilgili. “Viscum Album L. Subsp. Austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman (Çam ökse otu)’un Pinus Sylvestris L. (Sarıçam)’in Odun Elemanlarına Etkisi”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 6, no. 4 (August 2018): 1354-63. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.438455.
EndNote Göl Ç, Serdar B, Öztürk M, Coşkuner KA, Bilgili E (August 1, 2018) Viscum album L. subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman (Çam ökse otu)’un Pinus sylvestris L. (Sarıçam)’in Odun Elemanlarına Etkisi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 6 4 1354–1363.
IEEE Ç. Göl, B. Serdar, M. Öztürk, K. A. Coşkuner, and E. Bilgili, “Viscum album L. subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman (Çam ökse otu)’un Pinus sylvestris L. (Sarıçam)’in Odun Elemanlarına Etkisi”, DUBİTED, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1354–1363, 2018, doi: 10.29130/dubited.438455.
ISNAD Göl, Çağdaş et al. “Viscum Album L. Subsp. Austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman (Çam ökse otu)’un Pinus Sylvestris L. (Sarıçam)’in Odun Elemanlarına Etkisi”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 6/4 (August 2018), 1354-1363. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.438455.
JAMA Göl Ç, Serdar B, Öztürk M, Coşkuner KA, Bilgili E. Viscum album L. subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman (Çam ökse otu)’un Pinus sylvestris L. (Sarıçam)’in Odun Elemanlarına Etkisi. DUBİTED. 2018;6:1354–1363.
MLA Göl, Çağdaş et al. “Viscum Album L. Subsp. Austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman (Çam ökse otu)’un Pinus Sylvestris L. (Sarıçam)’in Odun Elemanlarına Etkisi”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 4, 2018, pp. 1354-63, doi:10.29130/dubited.438455.
Vancouver Göl Ç, Serdar B, Öztürk M, Coşkuner KA, Bilgili E. Viscum album L. subsp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman (Çam ökse otu)’un Pinus sylvestris L. (Sarıçam)’in Odun Elemanlarına Etkisi. DUBİTED. 2018;6(4):1354-63.