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Elektromanyetik Radyasyonun Sağlık Ve Psikolojik Yakınmalar Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1128 - 1141, 31.01.2020

Abstract

Dijital çağ olarak adlandırılan bu dönemde, teknolojik
ürünler insanoğlunun hayatının neredeyse her alanına hâkim olmuş durumdadır.
Teknoloji bir yönüyle insanların hayatlarını kolaylaştırırken bir taraftan da
yaydığı elektromanyetik dalgalarla sağlıklarını ciddi şekilde tehdit
etmektedir. Bu çalışmada ise elektromanyetik radyasyonun kişilerin sağlık
yakınmalarını ve psikolojik kaygılarını ne yönde etkilediği araştırılmak
istenmiş ve bu doğrultuda elektromanyetik radyasyonun yüksek olduğu düşünülen
alışveriş merkezleri uygulama alanı olarak seçilmiştir.  Bu araştırmada alışveriş merkezlerinde
çalışan personeller ile alışveriş merkezleri dışında benzer sektörlerde çalışan
personellerin sağlık ve psikolojik yakınmaları ölçülerek, karşılaştırılmalı
olarak analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemini Adana ilinde
bulunan alışveriş merkezlerinde çalışan 174 personel ve alışveriş merkezi
dışındaki mağazalarda çalışan 173 personel olmak üzere toplam 347 personel 
oluşturmaktadır.
Alışveriş merkezleri içinde ve dışında çalışanlar arasında sağlık yakınmaları (
p = .945> .050) ve psikolojik
yakınmalar (
p = .122> .050)
açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı ama alışveriş
merkezlerinde çalışanların sağlık yakınmaları ölçek puanının biraz daha fazla
olduğu görülmüştür. Alışveriş merkezinde çalışan personellerin çalışma yılının
“psikolojik yakınmalar” ve “sağlık yakınmaları” üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin
kurulan modeller, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (sırasıyla;
F=8,234; F=4,174; p<.05). Elektromanyetik
radyasyonun nispeten yüksek olduğu alışveriş merkezlerinde ölçümlerin yapılması
ve personellerin sağlık ve psikolojik sorunlar yaşamasını önlemeye yönelik
uygulamaların arttırılması oldukça önemlidir. 

 

References

  • [1] A. Türkkan, and K. Pala, “Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetıc Radıatıon and Health Effects,” Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 11-22, 2009.
  • [2] ICNIRP, “Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields,” International Council on Non-Ionizing Radiation (ICNIRP), Oberschleisseim, Germany.
  • [3] WHO, “ElectromagneticFields 300Hz – 300 GHz, Environmental Health Criteria,” World Health Organization (WHO), vol. 137, 1993.
  • [4] The Ministry of Environment and Urbanization in Turkey, “Limit values protecting health of general public due to adverse affect of non-ionizing EM radiation in 2010,” 2018.
  • [5] D. Gürğan, and L. Seyfi, “Determination and Analysis of Electromagnetic Pollution at Two Shopping Malls in Konya at 100 kHz-3 GHz Frequency,” International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, vol. 9, no. 9. pp. 266-269, 2018.
  • [6] Ş. Özen, S. Helhel, G. Kahya, M. Çakır, and S. Yalçın, “Evaluations of Occupational Exposure and Magnetic Field Levels At Hospital Environments,” Pamukkale Univ J Eng Sci, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 300-303, 2014.
  • [7] C. Consales, C. Merla, C. Marino, and B. Benassi, “Electromagnetic Fields, Oxidative Stress, and Neurodegeneration,” Int. J. Cell Biol. 683897, pp. 1-16, 2012.
  • [8] F. E. Cheek, and M. D. S. Miller, “The Experience of Stress for Correction Officers: A Double-bind Theory of Correctional Stress,” Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 105-120, 1983.
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  • [10] A. Zamanian, and C. Hardiman, “Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Health: A Review of Sources and Effects,” High Frequency Electronics, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 16-26, 2005.
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  • [12] K. A. Hossmann, and D. M. Hermann, “Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation of Mobile Phones on the Central Nervous System,” Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 49-62, 2003.
  • [13] Ç. Kurnaz, and Aygün, T. Determination of Electromagnetic Pollution Level: Ankara Example. Düzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 650-659, 2018.
  • [14] M. Periyasamy, R. Dhanasekaran, and G. Mahendran, “Selected Studies of Electromagnetic Exposure Levels in the Countries of Asia–A Review,” International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP) pp. 0906-0910, 2018.
  • [15] S. Güdüm, and A. A. Deniz, “Hyper Technology for Super Malls,” AJIT-e, vol. 2, no. 2, 2011.
  • [16] B. K. Engiz and C. Kurnaz, “Long-Term Electromagnetic Field Measurement and Assessment for A Shopping Mall,” Radiation Protection Dosimetry, vol. 175, no. 3, pp. 321-329, 2016.
  • [17] P. E. Spector, D. J. Dwyer, and S. M. Jex, “Relation of Job Stressors to Affective, Health and Performance Outcomes: A Comparison Of Multiple Data Sources,” Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 73, no. 1, p. 11-19, 1988.
  • [18] Ç. Kurnaz, and B. K. Engiz, “Determination of Electric Field Strength Level in a Medium Using Time Series Analysis,” International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 29-35, 2018.
  • [19] D. Urbinello, W. Joseph, L. Verloock, L. Martens, and M. Röösli, “Temporal Trends of Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) Exposure in Everyday Environments Across European Cities,” Environmental Research, vol. 134, pp. 134-142. 2014.
  • [20] J. F. Bolte, and T. Eikelboom, “Personal Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Measurements in the Netherlands: Exposure Level And Variability For Everyday Activities, Times of Day And Types of Area,” Environment International, vol. 48, pp. 133-142, 2012.
  • [21] A. Ö. Polat, “Obtaining the Electromagnetic Pollution Map of Karaman City and Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Yunus Emre Campus”, Master Thesis, Mersin University, 2013.
  • [22] W. Joseph, P. Frei, M. Röösli, G. Thuróczy, P. Gajšek, T. Trcek, J. Bolte, G. Vermeeren, E. Mohler, P. Juhász, V. Finta, and L. Martens, “Comparison of Personal Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure in Different Urban Areas Across Europe,” Environ Res. vol. 110, pp. 658–663, 2010.
  • [23] T. Meral, “Bir Örgütsel Stres Anketinin (VOS-D) Türkiye’ye Uyarlanması,” E.Ü. Faculty of Medicine, Public Health Department, Dissertation, İzmir. 1997.
  • [24] B. K. Engiz, “Electric Field Levels and Its Evaluation From the View of Public Health: Samsun City Center Example,” Turkish Journal of Public Health, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 146-156. 2018.
  • [25] E. Armağan, and S. Kubak, “Satış Elemanlarının Stres Düzeylerinin Performanslarına Etkisi Üzerine Bir Uygulama,” Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 34-50, 2013.

Investigation of the Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Health and Psychological Complaints

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 1128 - 1141, 31.01.2020

Abstract

In the period referred to as the digital era, technological products dominate almost all facets of human life. While technology facilitates human life on one hand, it threatens health with electromagnetic radiation on the other. This study investigate the effects of electromagnetic radiation on health complaints and psychological anxiety and, accordingly, shopping malls were selected as areas of application because the electromagnetic radiation is high at such venues. In this study, the health and psychological complaints of employees working at shopping malls where the electromagnetic radiation is considered to be relatively high and of employees working in similar sectors outside of shopping malls were measured and comparatively analysed. The study sample is composed of 347 employees in total, 174 of whom are employed at shopping malls in Adana province, and 173 employed in stores located outside of shopping malls. It is seen that there is no statistically significant difference between the employees working inside and outside of the shopping malls in terms of health complaints (p=.945>.050)  and psychological complaints  (p=.122>.050). But the scale points related to the health complaints of those working at shopping malls is slightly higher. The models set up in relation to the effect of the number of years worked by employees working at shopping malls on "psychological complaints" and "health complaints" were found statistically significant (F=8.234; F=4.174; p<.05). It is important to make measurements in shopping malls and to increase the practices to prevent personnel from having health and psychological problems.

References

  • [1] A. Türkkan, and K. Pala, “Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetıc Radıatıon and Health Effects,” Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 11-22, 2009.
  • [2] ICNIRP, “Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic, and Electromagnetic Fields,” International Council on Non-Ionizing Radiation (ICNIRP), Oberschleisseim, Germany.
  • [3] WHO, “ElectromagneticFields 300Hz – 300 GHz, Environmental Health Criteria,” World Health Organization (WHO), vol. 137, 1993.
  • [4] The Ministry of Environment and Urbanization in Turkey, “Limit values protecting health of general public due to adverse affect of non-ionizing EM radiation in 2010,” 2018.
  • [5] D. Gürğan, and L. Seyfi, “Determination and Analysis of Electromagnetic Pollution at Two Shopping Malls in Konya at 100 kHz-3 GHz Frequency,” International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, vol. 9, no. 9. pp. 266-269, 2018.
  • [6] Ş. Özen, S. Helhel, G. Kahya, M. Çakır, and S. Yalçın, “Evaluations of Occupational Exposure and Magnetic Field Levels At Hospital Environments,” Pamukkale Univ J Eng Sci, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 300-303, 2014.
  • [7] C. Consales, C. Merla, C. Marino, and B. Benassi, “Electromagnetic Fields, Oxidative Stress, and Neurodegeneration,” Int. J. Cell Biol. 683897, pp. 1-16, 2012.
  • [8] F. E. Cheek, and M. D. S. Miller, “The Experience of Stress for Correction Officers: A Double-bind Theory of Correctional Stress,” Journal of Criminal Justice, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 105-120, 1983.
  • [9] N. Seyhan, “Electromagnetic Pollution and Our Health,” Archives Of Neuropsychiatry, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 158-161, 2010.
  • [10] A. Zamanian, and C. Hardiman, “Electromagnetic Radiation and Human Health: A Review of Sources and Effects,” High Frequency Electronics, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 16-26, 2005.
  • [11] N. Wertheimer, and E. D. Leeper, “Electrical Wiring Configurations and Childhood Cancer,” American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 109, no. 3, pp. 273-284, 1979.
  • [12] K. A. Hossmann, and D. M. Hermann, “Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation of Mobile Phones on the Central Nervous System,” Bioelectromagnetics, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 49-62, 2003.
  • [13] Ç. Kurnaz, and Aygün, T. Determination of Electromagnetic Pollution Level: Ankara Example. Düzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 650-659, 2018.
  • [14] M. Periyasamy, R. Dhanasekaran, and G. Mahendran, “Selected Studies of Electromagnetic Exposure Levels in the Countries of Asia–A Review,” International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP) pp. 0906-0910, 2018.
  • [15] S. Güdüm, and A. A. Deniz, “Hyper Technology for Super Malls,” AJIT-e, vol. 2, no. 2, 2011.
  • [16] B. K. Engiz and C. Kurnaz, “Long-Term Electromagnetic Field Measurement and Assessment for A Shopping Mall,” Radiation Protection Dosimetry, vol. 175, no. 3, pp. 321-329, 2016.
  • [17] P. E. Spector, D. J. Dwyer, and S. M. Jex, “Relation of Job Stressors to Affective, Health and Performance Outcomes: A Comparison Of Multiple Data Sources,” Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 73, no. 1, p. 11-19, 1988.
  • [18] Ç. Kurnaz, and B. K. Engiz, “Determination of Electric Field Strength Level in a Medium Using Time Series Analysis,” International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 29-35, 2018.
  • [19] D. Urbinello, W. Joseph, L. Verloock, L. Martens, and M. Röösli, “Temporal Trends of Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF) Exposure in Everyday Environments Across European Cities,” Environmental Research, vol. 134, pp. 134-142. 2014.
  • [20] J. F. Bolte, and T. Eikelboom, “Personal Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Measurements in the Netherlands: Exposure Level And Variability For Everyday Activities, Times of Day And Types of Area,” Environment International, vol. 48, pp. 133-142, 2012.
  • [21] A. Ö. Polat, “Obtaining the Electromagnetic Pollution Map of Karaman City and Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Yunus Emre Campus”, Master Thesis, Mersin University, 2013.
  • [22] W. Joseph, P. Frei, M. Röösli, G. Thuróczy, P. Gajšek, T. Trcek, J. Bolte, G. Vermeeren, E. Mohler, P. Juhász, V. Finta, and L. Martens, “Comparison of Personal Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure in Different Urban Areas Across Europe,” Environ Res. vol. 110, pp. 658–663, 2010.
  • [23] T. Meral, “Bir Örgütsel Stres Anketinin (VOS-D) Türkiye’ye Uyarlanması,” E.Ü. Faculty of Medicine, Public Health Department, Dissertation, İzmir. 1997.
  • [24] B. K. Engiz, “Electric Field Levels and Its Evaluation From the View of Public Health: Samsun City Center Example,” Turkish Journal of Public Health, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 146-156. 2018.
  • [25] E. Armağan, and S. Kubak, “Satış Elemanlarının Stres Düzeylerinin Performanslarına Etkisi Üzerine Bir Uygulama,” Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 34-50, 2013.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Selim Gündüz 0000-0001-5289-6089

Fatma Feyza Gündüz 0000-0001-7603-6817

Publication Date January 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gündüz, S., & Gündüz, F. F. (2020). Investigation of the Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Health and Psychological Complaints. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 8(1), 1128-1141.
AMA Gündüz S, Gündüz FF. Investigation of the Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Health and Psychological Complaints. DUBİTED. January 2020;8(1):1128-1141.
Chicago Gündüz, Selim, and Fatma Feyza Gündüz. “Investigation of the Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Health and Psychological Complaints”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 8, no. 1 (January 2020): 1128-41.
EndNote Gündüz S, Gündüz FF (January 1, 2020) Investigation of the Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Health and Psychological Complaints. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 8 1 1128–1141.
IEEE S. Gündüz and F. F. Gündüz, “Investigation of the Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Health and Psychological Complaints”, DUBİTED, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1128–1141, 2020.
ISNAD Gündüz, Selim - Gündüz, Fatma Feyza. “Investigation of the Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Health and Psychological Complaints”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 8/1 (January 2020), 1128-1141.
JAMA Gündüz S, Gündüz FF. Investigation of the Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Health and Psychological Complaints. DUBİTED. 2020;8:1128–1141.
MLA Gündüz, Selim and Fatma Feyza Gündüz. “Investigation of the Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Health and Psychological Complaints”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, 2020, pp. 1128-41.
Vancouver Gündüz S, Gündüz FF. Investigation of the Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Health and Psychological Complaints. DUBİTED. 2020;8(1):1128-41.