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Investigation of Optoelectronic Properties by Synthesizing Hybrid Nano-semiconductors in New Generation Solar Cells

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 51 - 59, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.850769

Abstract

The energy requirements in our society are based on fossil fuels, but the fact that these fossil fuels are limited and the rapid increase in carbon dioxide concentration due to the burning of fossil fuels cause global warming and climate changes. Under these conditions, interest in photovoltaic (PV) solar cells as an alternative and clean energy source is increasing. The use of silicon solar cells and thin film-based solar cells has been actively studied in recent years. But these solar cells are still too expensive to compete with public electricity generation. One of the important ideas for reducing the cost of solar cells and increasing energy conversion efficiency is the production of nano-semiconductor based new generation dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC). In this study, hybrid materials were obtained via CuO which is grown on TiO2 semiconductor and used as photo anode in DSSC. TiO2 semiconductor was prepared by hydrothermal method. CuO was synthesized by hydrothermal method on the prepared TiO2 semiconductor. In DSSCs, N719 was used as the dye and platinum was used as the counter electrode. Structural and optical characterizations were carried out by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDAX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and solar efficiencies were calculated from Current density-voltage (J-V) measurement. From the SEM analysis, it was shown that the CuO /TiO2 nano-semiconductor was synthesized at a high surface volume ratio and had a crystal size of approximately 20-50 nm. Existence of CuO semiconductor synthesized on TiO2 has been clearly shown from EDAX measurements. High purity crystallizations and Cu/TiO2 nano-semiconductor were detected from XRD measurements. Produce of solar cell was carried out in two stages and firstly, the efficiency of the solar cells produced with pure TiO2 was obtained as η = 5.05%, while the solar efficiency of the Cu /TiO2 cell was obtained as 6.18%. It has been observed that the efficiency of DSSCs increased by 20% by doping of CuO onto the TiO2 semiconductor. 

References

  • [1] B. O'regan ve M. Grätzel, “A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films,” Nature, c. 353, s. 6346, ss. 737–740, 1991.
  • [2] M. Grätzel, “Dye-sensitized solar cells,” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, c. 4, s. 2, ss. 145–153, 2003.
  • [3] A. Hagfeldt, G. Boschloo, L. Sun, L. Kloo, ve H. Pettersson, “Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,” Chemical Reviews, c. 110, s. 11, ss. 6595–6663, 2010.
  • [4]. B. Kilic, S. Turkdogan, A. Astam, S. S. Baran, M. Asgin, E. Gur, ve Y. Kocak, “Interfacial engineering of CuO nanorod/ZnO nanowire hybrid nanostructure photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cell,” Journal of Nanoparticle Research, c. 20, s. 1, 2018.
  • [5] I. A. D. Castro, R. S. Datta, J. Z. Ou, A. Castellanos-Gomez, S. Sriram, T. Daeneke, ve K. Kalantar-Zadeh, “Molybdenum Oxides - From Fundamentals to Functionality,” Advanced Materials, c. 29, s. 40, ss. 1701619, 2017.
  • [6] R. A. Rani, A. S. Zoolfakar, J. Subbiah, J. Z. Ou, ve K. Kalantar-Zadeh, “Highly ordered anodized Nb2O5 nanochannels for dye-sensitized solar cells,” Electrochemistry Communications, c. 40, ss. 20–23, 2014.
  • [7] B. Ma, J. Kim, T. Wang, J. Li, K. Lin, W. Liu, ve S. Woo, “Improvement of photocatalytic oxidation activity on a WO3/TiO2 heterojunction composite photocatalyst with broad spectral response,” RSC Advances, c. 5, s. 97, ss. 79815–79819, 2015.
  • [8] W. Lee, C. Lai, ve S. Hamid, “In Situ Anodization of WO3-Decorated TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Efficient Mercury Removal,” Materials, c. 8, s. 9, ss. 5702–5714, 2015.
  • [9] W. Guo, C. Xu, X. Wang, S. Wang, C. Pan, C. Lin, ve Z. L. Wang, “Rectangular Bunched Rutile TiO2 Nanorod Arrays Grown on Carbon Fiber for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, c. 134, s. 9, ss. 4437–4441, 2012.
  • [10] M. Wu, X. Lin, T. Wang, J. Qiu, ve T. Ma, “Low-cost dye-sensitized solar cell based on nine kinds of carbon counter electrodes,” Energy & Environmental Science, c. 4, s. 6, ss. 2308, 2011. [11] T. Chen, L. Qiu, Z. Cai, F. Gong, Z. Yang, Z. Wang, ve H. Peng, “Intertwined Aligned Carbon Nanotube Fiber Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,” Nano Letters, c. 12, s. 5, ss. 2568–2572, 2012. [12] E. B. Simsek, B. Kilic, M. Asgin, ve A. Akan, “Graphene oxide based heterojunction TiO2 –ZnO catalysts with outstanding photocatalytic performance for bisphenol-A, ibuprofen and flurbiprofen,” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, c. 59, ss. 115–126, 2018.
  • [13] H. Zheng, Y. Tachibana, ve K. Kalantar-Zadeh, “Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on WO3,” Langmuir, c. 26, s. 24, ss. 19148–19152, 2010.
  • [14] J. Xiaoyuan, D. Guanghui, L. Liping, C. Yingxu, ve Z. Xiaoming, “Catalytic activities of CuO/TiO2 and CuO-ZrO2/TiO2 in NO + CO reaction,” Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, c. 218, s. 2, ss. 187–195, 2004.

Yeni Nesil Güneş Hücrelerinde Hibrit Nano-yarıiletkenlerin Sentezlenerek Optoelektronik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 51 - 59, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.850769

Abstract

Toplumumuzdaki enerji gereksinimleri fosil yakıtları üzerine kurulmuştur fakat bu fosil yakıtlar hem sınırlıdır hem de fosil yakıtların yanmasıyla karbondioksit konsantrasyonunun hızlı artışı küresel ısınmaya ve iklim değişikliklerine neden olmaktadır. Bu koşullar altında alternatif ve temiz bir enerji kaynağı olarak fotovoltaik (PV) güneş hücrelerine ilgi artmaktadır. Son yıllarda silisyum güneş hücreleri ve ince film tabanlı güneş hücrelerinin kullanılması aktif olarak çalışılmaktadır. Fakat bu güneş hücreleri toplumların günümüzde kullandığı elektrik üretimi ile rekabet edemeyecek kadar pahalıdır. Güneş hücrelerinin maliyetinin azaltılması ve enerji dönüşümü veriminin artırılması için önemli fikirlerden biri de nano-yarıiletken tabanlı yeni nesil boya duyarlı güneş hücrelerinin (DSSC) üretilmesidir. Bu çalışmada, TiO2 yarıiletken üzerine CuO sentezlenerek hibrit malzeme oluşturulmuş ve DSSC hücrelerinde foto anot olarak kullanılmıştır. TiO2 yarıiletkeni hidrotermal yöntemle hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan TiO2 yarıiletkeni üzerine CuO hidrotermal metot ile sentezlenmiştir. DSSC’lerde boya olarak N719, karşıt elektrot olarak da platin kullanılmıştır. Yapısal ve optik karakterizasyon için Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM), Enerji Dağılımlı X-Işını spektroskopisi (EDAX), X-Işını Kırınımı (XRD), UV-vis soğurma ve Fotolüminesans (PL) kullanılmış ve Akım yoğunluğu-voltaj (J-V) ölçümünden hücre verimleri hesaplanmıştır. SEM analizinden CuO/TiO2 nano-yarıiletkenin yüksek yüzey hacim oranında sentezlendiği ve yaklaşık 20-50 nm kristal boyutlarının olduğu belirlenmiştir. EDAX ölçümlerinden TiO2 yarıiletkeni üzerine sentezlenen CuO yarıiletkeninin varlığı net bir şekilde gösterilmiştir. XRD ölçümlerinden yüksek saflıkta kristalleşmelerin olduğu ve CuO/TiO2 nano-yarıiletkenin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Güneş hücresi üretimi iki aşamada gerçekleştirilmiş ve ilk olarak saf TiO2 ile üretilen güneş hücrelerinde hücre verimi η= %4,99 olarak elde edilirken CuO/TiO2 ile elde edilen hücrenin verimi ise %6,14 olarak elde edilmiştir. DSSC’lerde TiO2 yarıiletkenine CuO katkılanmasıyla hücre veriminin %20 arttığı görülmüştür.

References

  • [1] B. O'regan ve M. Grätzel, “A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films,” Nature, c. 353, s. 6346, ss. 737–740, 1991.
  • [2] M. Grätzel, “Dye-sensitized solar cells,” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, c. 4, s. 2, ss. 145–153, 2003.
  • [3] A. Hagfeldt, G. Boschloo, L. Sun, L. Kloo, ve H. Pettersson, “Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,” Chemical Reviews, c. 110, s. 11, ss. 6595–6663, 2010.
  • [4]. B. Kilic, S. Turkdogan, A. Astam, S. S. Baran, M. Asgin, E. Gur, ve Y. Kocak, “Interfacial engineering of CuO nanorod/ZnO nanowire hybrid nanostructure photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cell,” Journal of Nanoparticle Research, c. 20, s. 1, 2018.
  • [5] I. A. D. Castro, R. S. Datta, J. Z. Ou, A. Castellanos-Gomez, S. Sriram, T. Daeneke, ve K. Kalantar-Zadeh, “Molybdenum Oxides - From Fundamentals to Functionality,” Advanced Materials, c. 29, s. 40, ss. 1701619, 2017.
  • [6] R. A. Rani, A. S. Zoolfakar, J. Subbiah, J. Z. Ou, ve K. Kalantar-Zadeh, “Highly ordered anodized Nb2O5 nanochannels for dye-sensitized solar cells,” Electrochemistry Communications, c. 40, ss. 20–23, 2014.
  • [7] B. Ma, J. Kim, T. Wang, J. Li, K. Lin, W. Liu, ve S. Woo, “Improvement of photocatalytic oxidation activity on a WO3/TiO2 heterojunction composite photocatalyst with broad spectral response,” RSC Advances, c. 5, s. 97, ss. 79815–79819, 2015.
  • [8] W. Lee, C. Lai, ve S. Hamid, “In Situ Anodization of WO3-Decorated TiO2 Nanotube Arrays for Efficient Mercury Removal,” Materials, c. 8, s. 9, ss. 5702–5714, 2015.
  • [9] W. Guo, C. Xu, X. Wang, S. Wang, C. Pan, C. Lin, ve Z. L. Wang, “Rectangular Bunched Rutile TiO2 Nanorod Arrays Grown on Carbon Fiber for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, c. 134, s. 9, ss. 4437–4441, 2012.
  • [10] M. Wu, X. Lin, T. Wang, J. Qiu, ve T. Ma, “Low-cost dye-sensitized solar cell based on nine kinds of carbon counter electrodes,” Energy & Environmental Science, c. 4, s. 6, ss. 2308, 2011. [11] T. Chen, L. Qiu, Z. Cai, F. Gong, Z. Yang, Z. Wang, ve H. Peng, “Intertwined Aligned Carbon Nanotube Fiber Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,” Nano Letters, c. 12, s. 5, ss. 2568–2572, 2012. [12] E. B. Simsek, B. Kilic, M. Asgin, ve A. Akan, “Graphene oxide based heterojunction TiO2 –ZnO catalysts with outstanding photocatalytic performance for bisphenol-A, ibuprofen and flurbiprofen,” Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, c. 59, ss. 115–126, 2018.
  • [13] H. Zheng, Y. Tachibana, ve K. Kalantar-Zadeh, “Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on WO3,” Langmuir, c. 26, s. 24, ss. 19148–19152, 2010.
  • [14] J. Xiaoyuan, D. Guanghui, L. Liping, C. Yingxu, ve Z. Xiaoming, “Catalytic activities of CuO/TiO2 and CuO-ZrO2/TiO2 in NO + CO reaction,” Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, c. 218, s. 2, ss. 187–195, 2004.
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bayram Kılıç 0000-0001-6565-8098

Publication Date January 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kılıç, B. (2021). Yeni Nesil Güneş Hücrelerinde Hibrit Nano-yarıiletkenlerin Sentezlenerek Optoelektronik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 9(1), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.850769
AMA Kılıç B. Yeni Nesil Güneş Hücrelerinde Hibrit Nano-yarıiletkenlerin Sentezlenerek Optoelektronik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. DUBİTED. January 2021;9(1):51-59. doi:10.29130/dubited.850769
Chicago Kılıç, Bayram. “Yeni Nesil Güneş Hücrelerinde Hibrit Nano-yarıiletkenlerin Sentezlenerek Optoelektronik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (January 2021): 51-59. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.850769.
EndNote Kılıç B (January 1, 2021) Yeni Nesil Güneş Hücrelerinde Hibrit Nano-yarıiletkenlerin Sentezlenerek Optoelektronik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 9 1 51–59.
IEEE B. Kılıç, “Yeni Nesil Güneş Hücrelerinde Hibrit Nano-yarıiletkenlerin Sentezlenerek Optoelektronik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi”, DUBİTED, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 51–59, 2021, doi: 10.29130/dubited.850769.
ISNAD Kılıç, Bayram. “Yeni Nesil Güneş Hücrelerinde Hibrit Nano-yarıiletkenlerin Sentezlenerek Optoelektronik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 9/1 (January 2021), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.850769.
JAMA Kılıç B. Yeni Nesil Güneş Hücrelerinde Hibrit Nano-yarıiletkenlerin Sentezlenerek Optoelektronik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. DUBİTED. 2021;9:51–59.
MLA Kılıç, Bayram. “Yeni Nesil Güneş Hücrelerinde Hibrit Nano-yarıiletkenlerin Sentezlenerek Optoelektronik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 9, no. 1, 2021, pp. 51-59, doi:10.29130/dubited.850769.
Vancouver Kılıç B. Yeni Nesil Güneş Hücrelerinde Hibrit Nano-yarıiletkenlerin Sentezlenerek Optoelektronik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. DUBİTED. 2021;9(1):51-9.