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Akıllı Fabrikalardaki Otomobil İmalatında Endüstri 4.0 ve Siber Güvenlik

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 2120 - 2132, 25.10.2022

Abstract

Akıllı fabrikalardaki otomotiv sektörü, teknolojiye bağlı olarak sürekli gelişmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak güvenlik sorunları ön plana çıkmaktadır. Endüstri 4.0 ve siber güvenlik hayatımızın her alanında olduğu gibi otomotiv sektörü uygulamalarında da yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu uygulamalar, otomotiv kullanıcıları ve sürücüleri için güvenlik tehditleri oluşturur. Özellikle otonom araç kullanıcıları tarafından araç yazılımlarına yönelik saldırılar, yolcuları ve araç güvenliğini tehlikeye atıyor. Siber saldırılara karşı korunmak için gerekli önlemler alınmalı ve sorunları çözebilecek donanımlara sahip olunmalıdır. Akıllı fabrikalarda ve endüstri 4.0 ile teknolojinin hızlı değişimi, yeni güvenlik açıklarını ve yeni siber saldırıları beraberinde getirmektedir. Sektörler arası rekabetten kaynaklanan siber saldırılar, tehditler ve sistem güvenliğine yönelik zarar verici sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Endüstri 4.0, belirli bir üretim teknolojisini ve birçok grubun ilgi alanlarını kapsayan, insan kullanımı ve yenilikçi sistem olmadan veri alışverişi yapan Sanayi Devrimi Endüstrisi olarak da bilinir. Akıllı fabrikanın kurulmasında da etkin rol oynayan bu sanayi devrimi ile üretim alanında her bir verinin en iyi şekilde toplanıp analiz edilmesini sağladığı için daha faydalı çalışma örnekleri elde edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada otomotiv endüstrisindeki siber saldırılar ve otomobil fabrikalarındaki siber tehditler incelenmiştir. Ayrıca bu saldırı ve tehditlere karşı nasıl önlem alınacağı araştırılarak katmanlı bir güvenlik koruması önerilmiştir.

References

  • [1] F. Özdemirci, M. Torunlar, ‘Bilgi-değişim-siber güvenlik-bağımsızlık,’ Bilgi Yönetimi, c.1, s.1, ss.78-83, 2018.
  • [2] E. Çağlar, Türkiye’de yerelleşme ve rekabet gücü: Kümelenmeye dayalı politikalar ve organize sanayi bölgeleri, Bölgesel Kalkınma ve Yönetişim Sempozyumu Kitabı, TEPAV Yayını, Ankara, 2006, ss. 305-316.
  • [3] N. Gabaçlı, M. Uzunöz, “IV. Sanayi Devrimi: Endüstri 4.0 ve Otomotiv Sektörü,” International Congress on Politic, Economic and Social Studies, Ankara, Türkiye, 2017.
  • [4] K. C. Koca, “Industry 4.0: Chances and threats from the point of Turkey,” Sosyoekonomi Journal, vol. 26, no. 36, pp. 245-252, 2018.
  • [5] M. Lazoi, A. Corallo, “Cybersecurity for Industry 4.0 in the current literature: A reference framework,” Computers in Industry, vol. 103, pp. 97-110, 2018.
  • [6] X. Krasniqi, E. Hajrizi, “Use of IoT technology to drive the automotive industry from connected to fully autonomous vehicles,” IFAC-Papers Online, vol. 49, no. 29, pp. 269-274, 2016.
  • [7] A. C. Pereira, F. Romero, “A review of the meanings and the implications of the Industry 4.0 concept,” Procedia Manufacturing, vol. 13, pp. 1206-1214, 2017.
  • [8] E. Kamber, G. İ. S. Bolatan, “Endüstri 4.0 Türkiye Farkındalığı,” Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 30, ss. 836-847, 2019.
  • [9] İ. Akben, İ. İ. Avşar, “Endüstri 4.0 ve Karanlık Üretim: Genel Bir Bakış,” Türk Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 1, ss. 26-37, 2018.
  • [10] L. Monostori, B. Kadar, T. Bauernhansl, S. Kondoh, S. Kumara, G. Reinhart, and K. Ueda, ‘Cyber-physical systems in manufacturing,’ Corp Annals, vol. 65, no.2, pp. 621-641, 2016.
  • [11] V. V. Martynov, D. N. Shavaleeva, A. A. Zaytseva, "Information Technology as the Basis for Transformation into a Digital Society and Industry 5.0," 2019 International Conference "Quality Management, Transport, and Information Security, Information Technologies" (IT&QM&IS), 2019, pp. 539-543.
  • [12] O. Doğan ve N. Baloğlu, ‘Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Endüstri 4.0 Kavramsal Farkındalık Düzeyleri,’ TÜBAV Bilim Dergisi, c.13, s. 1, ss. 126-142, 2020.
  • [13] K. Atashgar, O. A. Zargarabadi, “Monitoring multivariate profile data in plastic parts manufacturing industries: An intelligent data processing,” Journal of Industrial Information Integration, vol. 8, pp. 38-48, 2017.
  • [14] M. A. Arıcıoğlu, B. Yiğitol, A. Yılmaz, “Endüstri 4.0 Üzerine Yöntem ve Literatür Çalışması: Türkiye’deki Lisansüstü Tez Çalışmaları,” Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 57, ss. 293-324, 2018.
  • [15] J. Hertin, K. Jacob, U. Pesch, and C. Pacchi, “The production and use of knowledge in regulatory impact assessment – An empirical analysis,” Forest Policy and Economics, vol. 11, Issues 5–6, pp. 413-421, 2009.
  • [16] Imascon, International Marmara Sciences Congress IMASCON 2020, P. Book, December 2020.
  • [17] C. Daban, “Siber Güvenlik ve Uluslararası Güvenlik İlişkisi,” Cyberpolitik Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 78-94, 2016.
  • [18] A. Çarkacıoğlu, “Kripto-para bitcoin, Sermaye piyasası kurulu araştırma dairesi araştırma raporu,” Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu Araştırma Dairesi, Türkiye, 2016.
  • [19] V. Roblek, M. Maja, and K. Alojz, “A complex view of industry 4.0.,” Sage Open, vol. 6, no. 2, 2016.
  • [20]H. Gökozan, M. Taştan, “Akıllı taşıtlar ve kontrol sistemleri,” Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi, c.7, s. 2, ss. 58-62, 2018.
  • [21] C. Özarpa, M. A. Aydın, İ. Avcı, ‘International Security Standards for Critical Oil, Gas, and Electricity Infrastructures in Smart Cities: A Survey Study,’ Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol. 183, pp. 1167-1179, 2021.
  • [22] S. Park, Development of innovative strategies for the Korean manufacturing industry by use of the Connected Smart Factory (CSF). Procedia Computer Science, 91, pp. 744–750, 2016.
  • [23] N. Bicocchi, G. Cabri, F. Mandreoli, & M. Mecella, Dynamic digital factories for agile supply chains: An architectural approach, Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 15, pp. 111–121, 2019.
  • [24] H. Cai, L. Xu, B. Xu, C. Xie, S. Qin, & L. Jiang, IoT-based configurable information service platform for product lifecycle management, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol.10, no. 2, pp. 1558–1567, 2014.
  • [25] B. Chen, J. Wan, L. Shu, P. Li, M. Mukherjee & B. Yin, Smart factory of Industry 4.0: Key technologies, application case, and challenges, IEEE Access, no. 6, pp. 6505–6519, 2017.
  • [26] M. Afrin, J. Jin, A. Rahman, Y. C. Tian, & A. Kulkarni, Multi-objective resource allocation for edge cloud-based robotic workflow in smart factory, Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 97, pp. 119–130, 2019.
  • [27] D. K. Nilsson & U. E. Larson, Conducting forensic investigations of cyber attacks on automobile in-vehicle networks, International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics (IJDCF), 1(2), pp. 28-41, 2009. [28] A. Seetharaman, N. Patwa, V. Jadhav, A. S. Saravanan & D. Sangeeth, Impact of Factors Influencing Cyber Threats on Autonomous Vehicles, Applied Artificial Intelligence, vol.35, no. 2, pp. 105-132, 2021.
  • [29] S. K. Khan, N. Shiwakoti, P. Stasinopoulos & Y. Chen, Cyber-attacks in the next-generation cars, mitigation techniques, anticipated readiness and future directions, Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol.148, pp.105837, 2020.
  • [30] R. Bolz & R. Kriesten, Automotive Vulnerability Disclosure: Stakeholders, Opportunities, Challenges, Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, vol.1, no.2, pp. 274-288, 2021.
  • [31] C. Özarpa, S. A. Kara, İ. Avcı, Siber Güvenlik Savunma Hiyerarşisinde Yeni Bir Eğitim Modeli, 4.Uluslararası Eğitim ve Değerler Sempozyumu ISOEVA-2020, Karabük, Türkiye, 2020, ss. 939-947.
  • [32]M. Koca, M. A. Aydın, A. Sertbaş, A. H. Zaim, ‘A New Distributed Anomaly Detection Approach for Log IDS Management Based on Deep Learning,’ Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 2486-2501, 2021.
  • [33] İ. Avcı, C. Özarpa, M. A. Aydın, “A Survey of International Security Standards for Smart Grids, Industrial Control System and Critical Infrastructure,” 12th International Exergy, Energy and Environment Symposium (IEEES-12), Doha, Qatar, 2020, pp. 421-424.
  • [34] M. Piccarozzi, B. Aquilani, and C. Gatti, “Industry 4.0 in management studies: A systematic literature review,” Sustainability, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 3821, 2018.
  • [35] ISA. (2021, 25 Ağustos) [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim: https://www.isa.org/standards-and-publications/isa-standards/isa-standards-committees/isa99.
  • [36] A. M. Shaaban, E. Kristen, & C. Schmittner, Application of IEC 62443 for IoT components. In International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security, 2018, pp. 214-223, Springer, Cham.
  • [37] S. Suarez-Fernandez de Miranda, F. Aguayo-González, J. Salguero-Gómez, & M. J. Ávila-Gutiérrez, Life cycle engineering 4.0: A proposal to conceive manufacturing systems for industry 4.0 centred on the human factor (DfHFinI4. 0), Applied Sciences, vol.10, no.13, pp. 4442, 2020.

Industry 4.0 and Cybersecurity at Automobile Manufacturing in Smart Factories

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 2120 - 2132, 25.10.2022

Abstract

The automotive industry in smart factories is constantly developing depending on technology. Depending on the developing technology, security problems come to the fore. Industry 4.0 and cyber security are widely used in automotive sector applications as well as in all areas of our lives. These applications pose security threats to automotive users and drivers. Attacks on vehicle software, especially by autonomous vehicle users, endanger passengers and vehicle safety. It should take the necessary precautions to be protected against cyber-attacks and be equipped to solve the problem. The rapid change of technology in smart factories and with industry 4.0 brings new security vulnerabilities and new cyber attacks. The hostility arising from inter-sectoral competition has lost its value compared to previous periods and has left its authority to cyberattacks, threats, and damaging moves against system security. Industry 4.0 is also known as the Industrial Revolution Industry, which covers a specific production technology and the interests of many groups, and exchanges data without human use and innovative system. With this industrial revolution, which also plays an active role in the establishment of a smart factory, more useful work examples are obtained as it ensures that each data is collected and analyzed in the best way in the production area. In this study, cyber attacks in the automotive industry and cyber threats in automobile factories are examined. In addition, layered protection has been proposed by investigating how to take precautions against these attacks and threats.

References

  • [1] F. Özdemirci, M. Torunlar, ‘Bilgi-değişim-siber güvenlik-bağımsızlık,’ Bilgi Yönetimi, c.1, s.1, ss.78-83, 2018.
  • [2] E. Çağlar, Türkiye’de yerelleşme ve rekabet gücü: Kümelenmeye dayalı politikalar ve organize sanayi bölgeleri, Bölgesel Kalkınma ve Yönetişim Sempozyumu Kitabı, TEPAV Yayını, Ankara, 2006, ss. 305-316.
  • [3] N. Gabaçlı, M. Uzunöz, “IV. Sanayi Devrimi: Endüstri 4.0 ve Otomotiv Sektörü,” International Congress on Politic, Economic and Social Studies, Ankara, Türkiye, 2017.
  • [4] K. C. Koca, “Industry 4.0: Chances and threats from the point of Turkey,” Sosyoekonomi Journal, vol. 26, no. 36, pp. 245-252, 2018.
  • [5] M. Lazoi, A. Corallo, “Cybersecurity for Industry 4.0 in the current literature: A reference framework,” Computers in Industry, vol. 103, pp. 97-110, 2018.
  • [6] X. Krasniqi, E. Hajrizi, “Use of IoT technology to drive the automotive industry from connected to fully autonomous vehicles,” IFAC-Papers Online, vol. 49, no. 29, pp. 269-274, 2016.
  • [7] A. C. Pereira, F. Romero, “A review of the meanings and the implications of the Industry 4.0 concept,” Procedia Manufacturing, vol. 13, pp. 1206-1214, 2017.
  • [8] E. Kamber, G. İ. S. Bolatan, “Endüstri 4.0 Türkiye Farkındalığı,” Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 30, ss. 836-847, 2019.
  • [9] İ. Akben, İ. İ. Avşar, “Endüstri 4.0 ve Karanlık Üretim: Genel Bir Bakış,” Türk Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 3, no. 1, ss. 26-37, 2018.
  • [10] L. Monostori, B. Kadar, T. Bauernhansl, S. Kondoh, S. Kumara, G. Reinhart, and K. Ueda, ‘Cyber-physical systems in manufacturing,’ Corp Annals, vol. 65, no.2, pp. 621-641, 2016.
  • [11] V. V. Martynov, D. N. Shavaleeva, A. A. Zaytseva, "Information Technology as the Basis for Transformation into a Digital Society and Industry 5.0," 2019 International Conference "Quality Management, Transport, and Information Security, Information Technologies" (IT&QM&IS), 2019, pp. 539-543.
  • [12] O. Doğan ve N. Baloğlu, ‘Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Endüstri 4.0 Kavramsal Farkındalık Düzeyleri,’ TÜBAV Bilim Dergisi, c.13, s. 1, ss. 126-142, 2020.
  • [13] K. Atashgar, O. A. Zargarabadi, “Monitoring multivariate profile data in plastic parts manufacturing industries: An intelligent data processing,” Journal of Industrial Information Integration, vol. 8, pp. 38-48, 2017.
  • [14] M. A. Arıcıoğlu, B. Yiğitol, A. Yılmaz, “Endüstri 4.0 Üzerine Yöntem ve Literatür Çalışması: Türkiye’deki Lisansüstü Tez Çalışmaları,” Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 57, ss. 293-324, 2018.
  • [15] J. Hertin, K. Jacob, U. Pesch, and C. Pacchi, “The production and use of knowledge in regulatory impact assessment – An empirical analysis,” Forest Policy and Economics, vol. 11, Issues 5–6, pp. 413-421, 2009.
  • [16] Imascon, International Marmara Sciences Congress IMASCON 2020, P. Book, December 2020.
  • [17] C. Daban, “Siber Güvenlik ve Uluslararası Güvenlik İlişkisi,” Cyberpolitik Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 78-94, 2016.
  • [18] A. Çarkacıoğlu, “Kripto-para bitcoin, Sermaye piyasası kurulu araştırma dairesi araştırma raporu,” Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu Araştırma Dairesi, Türkiye, 2016.
  • [19] V. Roblek, M. Maja, and K. Alojz, “A complex view of industry 4.0.,” Sage Open, vol. 6, no. 2, 2016.
  • [20]H. Gökozan, M. Taştan, “Akıllı taşıtlar ve kontrol sistemleri,” Mesleki Bilimler Dergisi, c.7, s. 2, ss. 58-62, 2018.
  • [21] C. Özarpa, M. A. Aydın, İ. Avcı, ‘International Security Standards for Critical Oil, Gas, and Electricity Infrastructures in Smart Cities: A Survey Study,’ Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol. 183, pp. 1167-1179, 2021.
  • [22] S. Park, Development of innovative strategies for the Korean manufacturing industry by use of the Connected Smart Factory (CSF). Procedia Computer Science, 91, pp. 744–750, 2016.
  • [23] N. Bicocchi, G. Cabri, F. Mandreoli, & M. Mecella, Dynamic digital factories for agile supply chains: An architectural approach, Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 15, pp. 111–121, 2019.
  • [24] H. Cai, L. Xu, B. Xu, C. Xie, S. Qin, & L. Jiang, IoT-based configurable information service platform for product lifecycle management, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol.10, no. 2, pp. 1558–1567, 2014.
  • [25] B. Chen, J. Wan, L. Shu, P. Li, M. Mukherjee & B. Yin, Smart factory of Industry 4.0: Key technologies, application case, and challenges, IEEE Access, no. 6, pp. 6505–6519, 2017.
  • [26] M. Afrin, J. Jin, A. Rahman, Y. C. Tian, & A. Kulkarni, Multi-objective resource allocation for edge cloud-based robotic workflow in smart factory, Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 97, pp. 119–130, 2019.
  • [27] D. K. Nilsson & U. E. Larson, Conducting forensic investigations of cyber attacks on automobile in-vehicle networks, International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics (IJDCF), 1(2), pp. 28-41, 2009. [28] A. Seetharaman, N. Patwa, V. Jadhav, A. S. Saravanan & D. Sangeeth, Impact of Factors Influencing Cyber Threats on Autonomous Vehicles, Applied Artificial Intelligence, vol.35, no. 2, pp. 105-132, 2021.
  • [29] S. K. Khan, N. Shiwakoti, P. Stasinopoulos & Y. Chen, Cyber-attacks in the next-generation cars, mitigation techniques, anticipated readiness and future directions, Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol.148, pp.105837, 2020.
  • [30] R. Bolz & R. Kriesten, Automotive Vulnerability Disclosure: Stakeholders, Opportunities, Challenges, Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy, vol.1, no.2, pp. 274-288, 2021.
  • [31] C. Özarpa, S. A. Kara, İ. Avcı, Siber Güvenlik Savunma Hiyerarşisinde Yeni Bir Eğitim Modeli, 4.Uluslararası Eğitim ve Değerler Sempozyumu ISOEVA-2020, Karabük, Türkiye, 2020, ss. 939-947.
  • [32]M. Koca, M. A. Aydın, A. Sertbaş, A. H. Zaim, ‘A New Distributed Anomaly Detection Approach for Log IDS Management Based on Deep Learning,’ Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 2486-2501, 2021.
  • [33] İ. Avcı, C. Özarpa, M. A. Aydın, “A Survey of International Security Standards for Smart Grids, Industrial Control System and Critical Infrastructure,” 12th International Exergy, Energy and Environment Symposium (IEEES-12), Doha, Qatar, 2020, pp. 421-424.
  • [34] M. Piccarozzi, B. Aquilani, and C. Gatti, “Industry 4.0 in management studies: A systematic literature review,” Sustainability, vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 3821, 2018.
  • [35] ISA. (2021, 25 Ağustos) [Çevrimiçi]. Erişim: https://www.isa.org/standards-and-publications/isa-standards/isa-standards-committees/isa99.
  • [36] A. M. Shaaban, E. Kristen, & C. Schmittner, Application of IEC 62443 for IoT components. In International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security, 2018, pp. 214-223, Springer, Cham.
  • [37] S. Suarez-Fernandez de Miranda, F. Aguayo-González, J. Salguero-Gómez, & M. J. Ávila-Gutiérrez, Life cycle engineering 4.0: A proposal to conceive manufacturing systems for industry 4.0 centred on the human factor (DfHFinI4. 0), Applied Sciences, vol.10, no.13, pp. 4442, 2020.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cevat Özarpa 0000-0002-1195-2344

İsa Avcı 0000-0001-7032-8018

Publication Date October 25, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 10 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Özarpa, C., & Avcı, İ. (2022). Industry 4.0 and Cybersecurity at Automobile Manufacturing in Smart Factories. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 10(4), 2120-2132. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1027236
AMA Özarpa C, Avcı İ. Industry 4.0 and Cybersecurity at Automobile Manufacturing in Smart Factories. DUBİTED. October 2022;10(4):2120-2132. doi:10.29130/dubited.1027236
Chicago Özarpa, Cevat, and İsa Avcı. “Industry 4.0 and Cybersecurity at Automobile Manufacturing in Smart Factories”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 10, no. 4 (October 2022): 2120-32. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1027236.
EndNote Özarpa C, Avcı İ (October 1, 2022) Industry 4.0 and Cybersecurity at Automobile Manufacturing in Smart Factories. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 10 4 2120–2132.
IEEE C. Özarpa and İ. Avcı, “Industry 4.0 and Cybersecurity at Automobile Manufacturing in Smart Factories”, DUBİTED, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 2120–2132, 2022, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1027236.
ISNAD Özarpa, Cevat - Avcı, İsa. “Industry 4.0 and Cybersecurity at Automobile Manufacturing in Smart Factories”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 10/4 (October 2022), 2120-2132. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1027236.
JAMA Özarpa C, Avcı İ. Industry 4.0 and Cybersecurity at Automobile Manufacturing in Smart Factories. DUBİTED. 2022;10:2120–2132.
MLA Özarpa, Cevat and İsa Avcı. “Industry 4.0 and Cybersecurity at Automobile Manufacturing in Smart Factories”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 4, 2022, pp. 2120-32, doi:10.29130/dubited.1027236.
Vancouver Özarpa C, Avcı İ. Industry 4.0 and Cybersecurity at Automobile Manufacturing in Smart Factories. DUBİTED. 2022;10(4):2120-32.