Research Article
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Cam Atıkların Harçların Dayanım ve Mikroyapı Özelikleri Üzerine Etkisinin Araştırılması

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 1581 - 1593, 31.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1415588

Abstract

Ekolojik verimlilik açısından atıkların geri dönüştürülmesinin önemi her geçen gün daha da belirginleşmektedir. Çimento esaslı harçlar, yapı üretiminde yaygın olarak kullanılan yapı malzemelerinden biridir. Özellikle çimento üretiminde tüketilen enerji ve hammadde ekolojik verimlilik açısından önemlidir. Çimento esaslı harçlarda çimento miktarında yapılacak tasarruflar bu anlamda faydalı olacaktır. Bu bakış açısıyla, bu çalışmada atık camın harç üretiminde kullanılabilirliği deneysel olarak araştırılmıştır. Test numunelerinin üretim aşamasını takiben öncelikle işlenebilirlik ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Üretilen harç numuneleri üzerinde basınç ve eğilme dayanımı testleri gerçekleştirilerek dayanım özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Mikroyapı incelemeleri SEM tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak EDX analizleri yardımıyla morfolojik bulgular detaylandırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, atık cam ilavesi ile test numunelerinin dayanım değerlerinde düşüş tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca %10 ikame oranına sahip cam atıklarının işlenebilirliği artırdığı tespit edilmiştir.

Supporting Institution

ADIYAMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA PROJELERİ KOORDİNATÖRLÜĞÜ

Project Number

TEBMYOMAP/2021-0003

References

  • [1] V. Letelier, B.I. Henriquez-Jara, M. Manosalva and G. Moriconi, “ Combined use of waste concrete and glass as a replacement for mortar raw materials,” Waste Management, vol. 94, July, pp. 107-119, 2019.
  • [2] C. Shi, Y. Wu, C. Riefler and H. Wang, “ Characteristics and pozzolanic reactivity of glass powders,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 987-993, 2005.
  • [3] V. Corinaldesi, G. Gnappi, G. Moriconi and A. Montenero, “Reuse of ground waste glass as aggregate for mortars,” Waste Management, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 197-201, 2005.
  • [4] G. Dokuzlar, B. Dündar and Ü. Yurt, “ Effect of recycled asphalt waste on mechanical properties of alkali-activated mortars,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 2023.
  • [5] Ü. Yurt and F. Bekar, “ Comparative study of hazelnut-shell biomass ash and metakaolin to improve the performance of alkali-activated concrete: A sustainable greener alternative,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 320, pp. 126230, 2022.
  • [6] Ü. Yurt, “ High performance cementless composites from alkali activated GGBFS,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 264, pp. 120222, 2020.
  • [7] Ü. Yurt and M. Emiroğlu, “ Zeolit ikameli geopolimer betonlarda kür şartlarının etkileri,” Akademik Platform Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol.8, no.2, pp.396-402, 2020.
  • [8] G. Liu, M.V.A. Florea, H.J.H. Brouwers, “Characterization and performance of high volume recycled waste glass and ground granulated blast furnace slag or fly ash blended mortars,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 235, pp. 461-472, 2019.
  • [9] Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sayıştay Başkanlığı, “Plastik Atık Yönetimi Sayıştay Raporu,“ Ocak 2022.
  • [10] G. Chen, H. Lee, K.L. Young, P.L. Yue, A. Wong, T. Tao b, K.K. Choi, “Glass recycling in cement production—an innovative approach,” Waste Management, vol. 22, no.7, pp. 747-753, 2002.
  • [11] Y. Shao, T. Lefort, S. Moras and D. Rodriguez, “Studies on concrete containing ground waste glass,” Cement and Concrete Research vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 91–100, 2000.
  • [12] J. M. Ortega, V. Letelier, C. Solas, M. Miro, G. Moriconi, M.A. Climent and I. Snchez, “Influence of Waste Glass Powder Addition on the Pore Structure and Service Properties of Cement Mortars,” Sustainability, vol. 10, no. 3, 842, 2018.
  • [13] M. Aly, M.S.J. Hashmia, A.G. Olabia, M. Messeiryb and A.I. Hussainc, “Effect of nano clay particles on mechanical, thermal and physical behaviours of waste-glass cement mortars,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 528, pp. 7991-7998, 2011.
  • [14] L. Zhang and Y. Yue, “Influence of waste glass powder usage on the properties of alkali-activated slag mortars based on response surface methodology,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 181, pp. 527-534, 2018.
  • [15] G. Liu, M.V.A. Florea and H.J.H. Brouwers, “Performance evaluation of sustainable high strength mortars incorporating high volume waste glass as binder,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 202, pp. 574-588, 2019.
  • [16] S. Hou, Z. Duan, Z. Mab and A. Singh, “Improvement on the properties of waste glass mortar with nanomaterials,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 254, 118973, 2020.
  • [17] C. B. Farinha, J. Brito and R. Veiga, “Incorporation of high contents of textile, acrylic and glass waste fibres in cement-based mortars. Influence on mortars’ fresh, mechanical and deformability behaviour,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 303, 124424, 2021.
  • [18] P. Penacho, J. Brito and M. R. Veiga, “Physico-mechanical and performance characterization of mortars incorporating fine glass waste aggregate,” Cement & Concrete Composites, vol. 50, pp. 47-59, 2014.
  • [19] J. Sun, L. Yue, K. Xu, R. He, X. Yao, M. Chen, T. Cai, X. Wang and Y. Wang, “ Multi-objective optimisation for mortar containing activated waste glass powder,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 18, pp. 1391-1411, 2022.
  • [20] M. Dayi, H.Y. Aruntaş, M. Çavuş, O. Şimşek, “ Investigation of usability of zeolite, fly ash and waste glass materials in Portland composite cement production,” Journal of The Faculty Of Engineering And Architecture Of Gazi University, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 491-499, 2013.
  • [21] B. Aktürk, M. Dayı, H.Y. Aruntaş, “ Genleştirilmiş Cam Küre Agrega Katkılı Harçların Bazı Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi,” Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, 443-452, 2021.
  • [22] M. Salim and M.A. Mosaberpanah, “Mechanical and durability properties of high-performance mortar containing binary mixes of cenosphere and waste glass powder under different curing regimes,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 13, pp. 602-617, 2021.
  • [23] G. Pachideh, M. Gholhaki and H. Ketabdari, “Effect of pozzolanic wastes on mechanical properties, durability and microstructure of the cementitious mortars,” Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 29, 101178, 2020.
  • [24] M.M. Younes, H.A. Abdel-Rahman and M. M. Khattab, “Utilization of rice husk ash and waste glass in the production of ternary blended cement mortar composites,” Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 20, no. November, pp. 42-50, 2018.
  • [25] EN 197-1, “Cement Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements,” 2011.
  • [26] EN 196-1, “Methods of testing cement determination of strength,” 2016.
  • [27] K. Afshinnia and P.R. Rangaraju, “Influence of fineness of ground recycled glass on mitigation of alkali–silica reaction in mortars,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 81, pp. 257-267, 2015.
  • [28] K. H. Tan and H. Du, “Use of waste glass as sand in mortar: Part I–Fresh, mechanical and durability properties,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 109-117, 2013.
  • [29] A. A. Aliabdo, M. E. Abd and A.Y. Aboshama, “Utilization of waste glass powder in the production of cement and concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 124, pp. 866-877, 2016.
  • [30] ASTM, C 1437, “Standard test method for flow of hydraulic cement mortar,” West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International, 2001.
  • [31] Y. Y. Kim, H. J. Kong and V. C. Li, “Design of engineered cementitious composite suitable for wet-mixture shotcreting,” Materials Journal, vol. 100, no. 6, pp. 511-518, 2003.
  • [32] EN 1015-11, “Methods of test for mortar for masonry Determination of flexural and compressive strength of hardened mortar,” 2019.
  • [33] T.C. Ling and C.S. Poon, “Properties of architectural mortar prepared with recycled glass with different particle sizes,” Materials & Design, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 2675-2684, 2011.
  • [34] A.M. Rashad, “Recycled waste glass as fine aggregate replacement in cementitious materials based on Portland cement,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 72, pp. 340-357, 2014.
  • [35] T.C. Ling, C.S. Poon and S.C. Kou, “Feasibility of using recycled glass in architectural cement mortars,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 848-854, 2011.
  • [36] A. Shayanand A. Xu, “Value-added utilization of waste glass in concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 81–90, 2004.
  • [37] Y. Shao, T. Lefort, S. Moras and D. Rodriguez, “Studies on concrete containing ground waste glass,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 91–100, 2000.
  • [38] C. Shi, Y. Wu, C. Riefler and H. Wang, “Characteristics and pozzolanic reactivity of glass powders,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 35, no. 5, pp.987–93, 2005.
  • [39] L.M. Federico and S.E. Chidiac, “Waste glass as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete – critical review of treatment methods,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 31, no. 8, pp.606–610, 2009.
  • [40] K.H. Tan and H. Du, “Use of waste glass as sand in mortar: Part I–Fresh, mechanical and durability properties,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 109-117, 2013.
  • [41] S. Diamond, “The microstructure of cement paste and concrete––a visual primer,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 919-933, 2004.
  • [42] X. Gao, Q.L. Yu and H.J.H. Brouwers, “Assessing the porosity and shrinkage of alkali activated slag-fly ash composites designed applying a packing model,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 119, pp. 175–184, 2016.
  • [43] G. Liu, M.V.A. Florea and H.J.H. Brouwers, “Performance evaluation of sustainable high strength mortars incorporating high volume waste glass as binder,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 202, pp. 574-588, 2019.
  • [44] W. Chen and H.J.H. Brouwers, “Alkali binding in hydrated Portland cement paste,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 716–722, 2010.

An Investigation of the Effect of Waste Glass Additive on Strength and Microstructure Properties of Mortars

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 1581 - 1593, 31.07.2024
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1415588

Abstract

The importance of recycling waste in terms of ecological efficiency becomes more evident every day. Cement based mortars are one of the building materials that are widely used in building production. Especially the energy and raw materials consumed in cement production are important in terms of ecological efficiency. Savings in the amount of cement in cement-based mortars will be beneficial in this sense. With this perspective, in this study, the usability of waste glass in mortar production was investigated experimentally. Following the production stage of the test specimens, workability measurements were made first. Compressive and flexural strength tests were performed on the produced mortar samples to determine their strength properties. Microstructural examinations were carried out using the SEM technique. Unlike other studies, morphological findings were detailed with the help of EDX analyses. As a result, with the addition of waste glass, a decrease in the strength values of the test specimens was determined. It was also found that glass wastes with 10% substitution rate improved the workability.

Project Number

TEBMYOMAP/2021-0003

References

  • [1] V. Letelier, B.I. Henriquez-Jara, M. Manosalva and G. Moriconi, “ Combined use of waste concrete and glass as a replacement for mortar raw materials,” Waste Management, vol. 94, July, pp. 107-119, 2019.
  • [2] C. Shi, Y. Wu, C. Riefler and H. Wang, “ Characteristics and pozzolanic reactivity of glass powders,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 987-993, 2005.
  • [3] V. Corinaldesi, G. Gnappi, G. Moriconi and A. Montenero, “Reuse of ground waste glass as aggregate for mortars,” Waste Management, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 197-201, 2005.
  • [4] G. Dokuzlar, B. Dündar and Ü. Yurt, “ Effect of recycled asphalt waste on mechanical properties of alkali-activated mortars,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 2023.
  • [5] Ü. Yurt and F. Bekar, “ Comparative study of hazelnut-shell biomass ash and metakaolin to improve the performance of alkali-activated concrete: A sustainable greener alternative,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 320, pp. 126230, 2022.
  • [6] Ü. Yurt, “ High performance cementless composites from alkali activated GGBFS,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 264, pp. 120222, 2020.
  • [7] Ü. Yurt and M. Emiroğlu, “ Zeolit ikameli geopolimer betonlarda kür şartlarının etkileri,” Akademik Platform Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol.8, no.2, pp.396-402, 2020.
  • [8] G. Liu, M.V.A. Florea, H.J.H. Brouwers, “Characterization and performance of high volume recycled waste glass and ground granulated blast furnace slag or fly ash blended mortars,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 235, pp. 461-472, 2019.
  • [9] Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sayıştay Başkanlığı, “Plastik Atık Yönetimi Sayıştay Raporu,“ Ocak 2022.
  • [10] G. Chen, H. Lee, K.L. Young, P.L. Yue, A. Wong, T. Tao b, K.K. Choi, “Glass recycling in cement production—an innovative approach,” Waste Management, vol. 22, no.7, pp. 747-753, 2002.
  • [11] Y. Shao, T. Lefort, S. Moras and D. Rodriguez, “Studies on concrete containing ground waste glass,” Cement and Concrete Research vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 91–100, 2000.
  • [12] J. M. Ortega, V. Letelier, C. Solas, M. Miro, G. Moriconi, M.A. Climent and I. Snchez, “Influence of Waste Glass Powder Addition on the Pore Structure and Service Properties of Cement Mortars,” Sustainability, vol. 10, no. 3, 842, 2018.
  • [13] M. Aly, M.S.J. Hashmia, A.G. Olabia, M. Messeiryb and A.I. Hussainc, “Effect of nano clay particles on mechanical, thermal and physical behaviours of waste-glass cement mortars,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 528, pp. 7991-7998, 2011.
  • [14] L. Zhang and Y. Yue, “Influence of waste glass powder usage on the properties of alkali-activated slag mortars based on response surface methodology,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 181, pp. 527-534, 2018.
  • [15] G. Liu, M.V.A. Florea and H.J.H. Brouwers, “Performance evaluation of sustainable high strength mortars incorporating high volume waste glass as binder,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 202, pp. 574-588, 2019.
  • [16] S. Hou, Z. Duan, Z. Mab and A. Singh, “Improvement on the properties of waste glass mortar with nanomaterials,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 254, 118973, 2020.
  • [17] C. B. Farinha, J. Brito and R. Veiga, “Incorporation of high contents of textile, acrylic and glass waste fibres in cement-based mortars. Influence on mortars’ fresh, mechanical and deformability behaviour,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 303, 124424, 2021.
  • [18] P. Penacho, J. Brito and M. R. Veiga, “Physico-mechanical and performance characterization of mortars incorporating fine glass waste aggregate,” Cement & Concrete Composites, vol. 50, pp. 47-59, 2014.
  • [19] J. Sun, L. Yue, K. Xu, R. He, X. Yao, M. Chen, T. Cai, X. Wang and Y. Wang, “ Multi-objective optimisation for mortar containing activated waste glass powder,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 18, pp. 1391-1411, 2022.
  • [20] M. Dayi, H.Y. Aruntaş, M. Çavuş, O. Şimşek, “ Investigation of usability of zeolite, fly ash and waste glass materials in Portland composite cement production,” Journal of The Faculty Of Engineering And Architecture Of Gazi University, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 491-499, 2013.
  • [21] B. Aktürk, M. Dayı, H.Y. Aruntaş, “ Genleştirilmiş Cam Küre Agrega Katkılı Harçların Bazı Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi,” Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, 443-452, 2021.
  • [22] M. Salim and M.A. Mosaberpanah, “Mechanical and durability properties of high-performance mortar containing binary mixes of cenosphere and waste glass powder under different curing regimes,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 13, pp. 602-617, 2021.
  • [23] G. Pachideh, M. Gholhaki and H. Ketabdari, “Effect of pozzolanic wastes on mechanical properties, durability and microstructure of the cementitious mortars,” Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 29, 101178, 2020.
  • [24] M.M. Younes, H.A. Abdel-Rahman and M. M. Khattab, “Utilization of rice husk ash and waste glass in the production of ternary blended cement mortar composites,” Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 20, no. November, pp. 42-50, 2018.
  • [25] EN 197-1, “Cement Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements,” 2011.
  • [26] EN 196-1, “Methods of testing cement determination of strength,” 2016.
  • [27] K. Afshinnia and P.R. Rangaraju, “Influence of fineness of ground recycled glass on mitigation of alkali–silica reaction in mortars,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 81, pp. 257-267, 2015.
  • [28] K. H. Tan and H. Du, “Use of waste glass as sand in mortar: Part I–Fresh, mechanical and durability properties,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 109-117, 2013.
  • [29] A. A. Aliabdo, M. E. Abd and A.Y. Aboshama, “Utilization of waste glass powder in the production of cement and concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 124, pp. 866-877, 2016.
  • [30] ASTM, C 1437, “Standard test method for flow of hydraulic cement mortar,” West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International, 2001.
  • [31] Y. Y. Kim, H. J. Kong and V. C. Li, “Design of engineered cementitious composite suitable for wet-mixture shotcreting,” Materials Journal, vol. 100, no. 6, pp. 511-518, 2003.
  • [32] EN 1015-11, “Methods of test for mortar for masonry Determination of flexural and compressive strength of hardened mortar,” 2019.
  • [33] T.C. Ling and C.S. Poon, “Properties of architectural mortar prepared with recycled glass with different particle sizes,” Materials & Design, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 2675-2684, 2011.
  • [34] A.M. Rashad, “Recycled waste glass as fine aggregate replacement in cementitious materials based on Portland cement,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 72, pp. 340-357, 2014.
  • [35] T.C. Ling, C.S. Poon and S.C. Kou, “Feasibility of using recycled glass in architectural cement mortars,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 848-854, 2011.
  • [36] A. Shayanand A. Xu, “Value-added utilization of waste glass in concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 81–90, 2004.
  • [37] Y. Shao, T. Lefort, S. Moras and D. Rodriguez, “Studies on concrete containing ground waste glass,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 91–100, 2000.
  • [38] C. Shi, Y. Wu, C. Riefler and H. Wang, “Characteristics and pozzolanic reactivity of glass powders,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 35, no. 5, pp.987–93, 2005.
  • [39] L.M. Federico and S.E. Chidiac, “Waste glass as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete – critical review of treatment methods,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 31, no. 8, pp.606–610, 2009.
  • [40] K.H. Tan and H. Du, “Use of waste glass as sand in mortar: Part I–Fresh, mechanical and durability properties,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 109-117, 2013.
  • [41] S. Diamond, “The microstructure of cement paste and concrete––a visual primer,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 919-933, 2004.
  • [42] X. Gao, Q.L. Yu and H.J.H. Brouwers, “Assessing the porosity and shrinkage of alkali activated slag-fly ash composites designed applying a packing model,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 119, pp. 175–184, 2016.
  • [43] G. Liu, M.V.A. Florea and H.J.H. Brouwers, “Performance evaluation of sustainable high strength mortars incorporating high volume waste glass as binder,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 202, pp. 574-588, 2019.
  • [44] W. Chen and H.J.H. Brouwers, “Alkali binding in hydrated Portland cement paste,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 716–722, 2010.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Construction Materials
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kadir Güçlüer 0000-0001-7617-198X

İzzeddin Dönmez This is me 0000-0002-2721-4215

Project Number TEBMYOMAP/2021-0003
Publication Date July 31, 2024
Submission Date January 6, 2024
Acceptance Date March 4, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Güçlüer, K., & Dönmez, İ. (2024). An Investigation of the Effect of Waste Glass Additive on Strength and Microstructure Properties of Mortars. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 12(3), 1581-1593. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1415588
AMA Güçlüer K, Dönmez İ. An Investigation of the Effect of Waste Glass Additive on Strength and Microstructure Properties of Mortars. DUBİTED. July 2024;12(3):1581-1593. doi:10.29130/dubited.1415588
Chicago Güçlüer, Kadir, and İzzeddin Dönmez. “An Investigation of the Effect of Waste Glass Additive on Strength and Microstructure Properties of Mortars”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (July 2024): 1581-93. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1415588.
EndNote Güçlüer K, Dönmez İ (July 1, 2024) An Investigation of the Effect of Waste Glass Additive on Strength and Microstructure Properties of Mortars. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 12 3 1581–1593.
IEEE K. Güçlüer and İ. Dönmez, “An Investigation of the Effect of Waste Glass Additive on Strength and Microstructure Properties of Mortars”, DUBİTED, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1581–1593, 2024, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1415588.
ISNAD Güçlüer, Kadir - Dönmez, İzzeddin. “An Investigation of the Effect of Waste Glass Additive on Strength and Microstructure Properties of Mortars”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 12/3 (July 2024), 1581-1593. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1415588.
JAMA Güçlüer K, Dönmez İ. An Investigation of the Effect of Waste Glass Additive on Strength and Microstructure Properties of Mortars. DUBİTED. 2024;12:1581–1593.
MLA Güçlüer, Kadir and İzzeddin Dönmez. “An Investigation of the Effect of Waste Glass Additive on Strength and Microstructure Properties of Mortars”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 12, no. 3, 2024, pp. 1581-93, doi:10.29130/dubited.1415588.
Vancouver Güçlüer K, Dönmez İ. An Investigation of the Effect of Waste Glass Additive on Strength and Microstructure Properties of Mortars. DUBİTED. 2024;12(3):1581-93.