Synthesis of Plant-Based Ester for Metalworking Fluids and Tribological Performance

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 430 - 442, 30.01.2025

Ertuğrul Kaya

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1501022

Abstract

Lubricants derived from plant-based raw materials offer great potential for the development of environmentally friendly and renewable esters due to their easier and faster biodegradability, reducing dependence on petrochemical raw materials and creating new synthesis processes. The increasing burden of environmental regulations and the depletion of petroleum-derived raw materials have prompted many industries to opt for products based on natural raw materials. Due to these positive effects, vegetable oil-based esters have recently been considered as potential candidates for industrial use. In this context, ester synthesis from cottonseed oil, a natural biodegradable raw material source, was carried out by transesterification with isopropyl alcohol. The structure of the synthesized ester was elucidated by GC-FID and FTIR and important physical parameters such as acid number, saponification
number, viscosity and density of the ester were investigated. The synthesized isopropyl cottonseed oil ester was used to formulate a synthetic metalworking fluid at concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6%. The tribological properties of the formulated metalworking fluid were evaluated using the Reichert test and the chip corrosion test. It was found that the addition of 6% isopropyl cottonseed oil ester to the synthetic metalworking fluid exhibited the best tribological properties.

Keywords

Cottonseed oil, Metalworking fluid, Transesterification, Tribology.

Supporting Institution

This work is supported by 3-S Engineering R&D Department (Project no: PTZ-10 and PTZ-15).

Metal İşleme Sıvısında Kullanılan Bitkisel Yağ Bazlı Ester Sentezi ve Tribolojik Performansı

Abstract

Bitkisel bazlı hammaddelerden elde edilen yağlayıcılar, daha kolay ve daha hızlı biyolojik olarak
parçalanabilmeleri, petrokimyasal hammaddelere bağımlılığı azaltmaları ve yeni sentez süreçleri
yaratmaları nedeniyle çevre dostu ve yenilenebilir esterlerin geliştirilmesi için büyük bir potansiyel
sunmaktadır. Çevresel düzenlemelerin artan yükü ve petrol türevi hammaddelerin tükenmesi, birçok
endüstriyi doğal hammaddelere dayalı ürünleri tercih etmeye yöneltmiştir. Bu olumlu etkiler nedeniyle,
bitkisel yağ bazlı esterler son zamanlarda endüstriyel kullanım için potansiyel adaylar olarak
değerlendirilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, biyolojik olarak parçalanabilen doğal bir hammadde kaynağı olan
pamuk tohumu yağından ester sentezi, izopropil alkol ile transesterifikasyon yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Sentezlenen esterin yapısı GC-FID ve FTIR ile aydınlatılmış ve esterin asit sayısı, sabunlaşma sayısı,
viskozitesi ve yoğunluğu gibi önemli fiziksel parametreleri incelenmiştir. Sentezlenen izopropil pamuk
tohumu yağı esteri, %2, %4 ve %6 konsantrasyonlarında sentetik bir metal işleme sıvısı formüle etmek
için kullanılmıştır. Formüle edilen metal işleme sıvısının tribolojik özellikleri Reichert testi ve talaşlı
korozyon testi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sentetik metal işleme sıvısına %6 izopropil pamuk
tohumu yağı esteri ilavesinin en iyi tribolojik özellikleri sergilediği bulunmuştur.

Keywords

Pamuk yağı, Metal işleme sıvısı, Transesterifikasyon, Triboloji.

Supporting Institution

3-S Mühendislik Müşavirlik San. ve Tic. A.Ş.

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