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Türkiye, Adana'da Şebeke Dışı Yenilenebilir Enerji Üretimi için PV Destekli Hidrojen Üretim Teknolojisi

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 1057 - 1071, 31.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1587399

Abstract

Bu derleme makalesi, Türkiye'nin Adana kentinde şebekeden bağımsız yenilenebilir enerji üretimi için uygulanabilir ve sürdürülebilir bir yöntem olarak PV destekli hidrojen üretim teknolojisinin kullanımını önermektedir. Bu entegrasyon, bölgenin uygun güneş kaynaklarını ve ideal iklimini kullanarak hidrojen üretimini artırmayı, enerji bağımsızlığını, çevresel sürdürülebilirliği ve uzak bölgelerde ekonomik kalkınmayı desteklemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Modern elektroliz teknolojilerini yerel olarak mevcut yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarıyla birleştiren bu teknoloji, daha temiz ve daha dayanıklı bir enerji altyapısının oluşturulmasına önemli bir katkı sağlayabilir. Bulgular, PV destekli hidrojen üretiminin merkezi olmayan enerji talepleri için umut verici bir alternatif olduğunu, sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı desteklediğini ve şebekeden bağımsız bölgelerde fosil yakıtlara olan bağımlılığı azalttığını göstermektedir.

References

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  • [4] Y. Zheng, S. You, C. Huang, and X. Jin, "Model-based economic analysis of off-grid wind/hydrogen systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 187, 2023.
  • [5] I. Viole, G. Valenzuela-Venegas, M. Zeyringer, and S. Sartori, "A renewable power system for an off-grid sustainable telescope fueled by solar power, batteries and green hydrogen," Energy, vol. 282, 2023.
  • [6] D. Concha, H. Renaudineau, M. S. Hernández, A. M. Llor, and S. Kouro, "Evaluation of DCX converters for off-grid photovoltaic-based green hydrogen production," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 46, no. 38, pp. 19861-19870, 2021.
  • [7] F. Gutiérrez-Martín, L. Amodio, and M. Pagano, "Hydrogen production by water electrolysis and off-grid solar PV," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 46, no. 57, pp. 29038-29048, 2021.
  • [8] Q. Hassan, A. Z. Sameen, H. M. Salman, and M. Jaszczur, "Large-scale green hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis using solar and wind energy," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2023.
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  • [10] K. Zhou, J. Huang, D. Xiang, A. Deng, J. Du, and H. Liu, "Decoupled water electrolysis: Flexible strategy for pure hydrogen production with small voltage inputs," Journal of Energy Chemistry, vol. 94, pp. 340-356, 2024.
  • [11] M. Nasser and H. Hassan, "Thermo-economic performance maps of green hydrogen production via water electrolysis powered by ranges of solar and wind energies," Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 60, 2023.
  • [12] N. Ibagon, P. Muñoz, V. Díaz, E. Teliz, and G. Correa, "Techno-economic analysis for off-grid green hydrogen production in Uruguay," Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 67, 2023.
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  • [14] J. Zhang, C. Hu, P. Deng, and Y. Yin, "A review on synthesis and modification of cobalt-molybdenum based sulfides as hydrogen and oxygen evolution catalysts for water electrolysis," Chemistry of Inorganic Materials, vol. 3, 2024.
  • [15] A. S. Emam, M. O. Hamdan, B. A. Abu-Nabah, and E. Elnajjar, "A review on recent trends, challenges, and innovations in alkaline water electrolysis," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 64, pp. 599-625, 2024.
  • [16] B. A. Horri and H. Ozcan, "Green Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis: Current Status and Challenges," Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 2024.
  • [17] B. E. Conway and G. Jerkiewicz, "Relation of energies and coverages of underpotential and overpotential deposited H at Pt and other metals to the ‘volcano curve’ for cathodic H2 evolution kinetics," Electrochimica Acta, vol. 45, pp. 4075-4083, 2000.
  • [18] A. A. Koverga, E. Flórez, and J. A. Rodriguez, "Pushing Cu uphill of the volcano curve: Impact of a WC support on the catalytic activity of copper toward the hydrogen evolution reaction," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 46, no. 49, pp. 25092-25102, 2021.
  • [19] C. Z. Loyola, S. Ureta-Zañartu, J. H. Zagal, and F. Tasca, "Activity volcano plots for the oxygen reduction reaction using FeN4 complexes: From reported experimental data to the electrochemical meaning," Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, vol. 32, 2022.
  • [20] Y. Mao, J. Chen, H. Wang, and P. Hu, "Catalyst screening: Refinement of the origin of the volcano curve and its implication in heterogeneous catalysis," Chinese Journal of Catalysis, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 1596-1605, 2015.
  • [21] P. Xiong et al., "Synthesis of core@shell catalysts guided by Tammann temperature," Nat Commun, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 420, Jan 10 2024.
  • [22] B. D. Mert, F. Ekinci, and T. Demirdelen, "Effect of partial shading conditions on off-grid solar PV/Hydrogen production in high solar energy index regions," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, no. 51, pp. 27713-27725, 2019.
  • [23] S. Ramakrishnan, M. Delpisheh, C. Convery, D. Niblett, M. Vinothkannan, and M. Mamlouk, "Offshore green hydrogen production from wind energy: Critical review and perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 195, 2024.
  • [24] H. Liu et al., "Design and on-site implementation of an off-grid marine current powered hydrogen production system," Applied Energy, vol. 330, 2023.
  • [25] P. Marocco, D. Ferrero, A. Lanzini, and M. Santarelli, "The role of hydrogen in the optimal design of off-grid hybrid renewable energy systems," Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 46, 2022.
  • [26] J. P. Viteri, S. Viteri, C. Alvarez-Vasco, and F. Henao, "A systematic review on green hydrogen for off-grid communities –technologies, advantages, and limitations," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 52, pp. 19751-19771, 2023.
  • [27] C. Liu, L. Wang, T. Zhang, X. Chen, and S. Ge, "Electromechanical dynamic analysis for powertrain of off-grid switched-reluctance wind turbine hydrogen production system," Renewable Energy, vol. 208, pp. 214-228, 2023.
  • [28] Q. Li, Q. Hua, C. Wang, A. Khosravi, and L. Sun, "Thermodynamic and economic analysis of an off–grid photovoltaic hydrogen production system hybrid with organic Rankine cycle," Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 230, 2023.
  • [29] R. Jacob and M. Müller, "Reducing stranded asset risk in off-grid renewable mine sites by including hydrogen production," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 47, no. 64, pp. 27326-27337, 2022.
  • [30] F. Gallardo, J. García, A. Monforti Ferrario, G. Comodi, and J. N. W. Chiu, "Assessing sizing optimality of OFF-GRID AC-linked solar PV-PEM systems for hydrogen production," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 47, no. 64, pp. 27303-27325, 2022.
  • [31] J. L. L. C. C. Janssen, M. Weeda, R. J. Detz, and B. van der Zwaan, "Country-specific cost projections for renewable hydrogen production through off-grid electricity systems," Applied Energy, vol. 309, 2022.
  • [32] A. S. Al-Buraiki and A. Al-Sharafi, "Hydrogen production via using excess electric energy of an off-grid hybrid solar/wind system based on a novel performance indicator," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 254, 2022.
  • [33] M. E. Mert et al., "Design and performance analysis of a PV-assisted alkaline electrolysis for hydrogen production: An experimental and theoretical study," Fuel, vol. 355, p. 129497, 2024/01/01/ 2024.
  • [34] Y. Segawa, N. Endo, E. Shimoda, T. Yamane, and T. Maeda, "Pilot-scale hydrogen energy utilization system demonstration: A case study of a commercial building with supply and utilization of off-site green hydrogen," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 50, pp. 26-36, 2024.
  • [35] D. Roy, M. Bhowmik, and A. P. Roskilly, "Technoeconomic, environmental and multi criteria decision making investigations for optimisation of off-grid hybrid renewable energy system with green hydrogen production," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 443, 2024.
  • [36] G. K. Karayel and I. Dincer, "Green hydrogen production potential of Canada with solar energy," Renewable Energy, vol. 221, 2024.
  • [37] G. K. Karayel and I. Dincer, "A study on green hydrogen production potential of Canada with onshore and offshore wind power," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 437, 2024.
  • [38] C. Ceylan and Y. Devrim, "Green hydrogen based off-grid and on-grid hybrid energy systems," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 99, pp. 39084-39096, 2023.
  • [39] M. J. Ginsberg, D. V. Esposito, and V. M. Fthenakis, "Designing off-grid green hydrogen plants using dynamic polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers to minimize the hydrogen production cost," Cell Reports Physical Science, vol. 4, no. 10, 2023.
  • [40] B. Nastasi and S. Mazzoni, "Renewable Hydrogen Energy Communities layouts towards off-grid operation," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 291, 2023.
  • [41] K. Farhana, A. Shadate Faisal Mahamude, and K. Kadirgama, "Comparing hydrogen fuel cost of production from various sources - a competitive analysis," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 302, 2024.
  • [42] S. Krishnan et al., "Present and future cost of alkaline and PEM electrolyser stacks," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 83, pp. 32313-32330, 2023.
  • [43] M. N. I. Salehmin, T. Husaini, J. Goh, and A. B. Sulong, "High-pressure PEM water electrolyser: A review on challenges and mitigation strategies towards green and low-cost hydrogen production," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 268, 2022.
  • [44] A. Al-Qahtani, B. Parkinson, K. Hellgardt, N. Shah, and G. Guillen-Gosalbez, "Uncovering the true cost of hydrogen production routes using life cycle monetisation," Applied Energy, vol. 281, 2021.
  • [45] I. V. Pushkareva, A. S. Pushkarev, S. A. Grigoriev, P. Modisha, and D. G. Bessarabov, "Comparative study of anion exchange membranes for low-cost water electrolysis," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 49, pp. 26070-26079, 2020.
  • [46] A. Manzotti, E. Quattrocchi, A. Curcio, S. C. T. Kwok, M. Santarelli, and F. Ciucci, "Membraneless electrolyzers for the production of low-cost, high-purity green hydrogen: A techno-economic analysis," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 254, 2022.
  • [47] J. Proost, “State-of-the art CAPEX data for water electrolysers, and their impact on renewable hydrogen price settings,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol.;44, pp. 4406-4413, 2019.
  • [48] (2023, 16.11.2024). Türkiye hydrogen technologies strategy and roadmap. Available: https://enerji.gov.tr/announcements-detail?id=20349.

PV-Assisted Hydrogen Production Technology for Off-Grid Renewable Energy Generation in Adana, Turkey

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 1057 - 1071, 31.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1587399

Abstract

This review paper proposes the use of PV-assisted hydrogen production technology in Adana, Turkey, as a viable and sustainable method to off-grid renewable energy generation. This integration aims to increase hydrogen production, supporting energy independence, environmental sustainability, and economic development in remote areas by utilizing the region's suitable solar resources and ideal climate. This technology, which combines modern electrolysis technologies with locally available renewable energy sources, can make a significant contribution to the creation of a cleaner, more durable energy infrastructure. The findings indicate that PV-assisted hydrogen production is a promising alternative for decentralized energy demands, supporting sustainable development and lowering reliance on fossil fuels in off-grid areas.

References

  • [1] Y. Song et al., "Multi-objective optimization and long-term performance evaluation of a hybrid solar-hydrogen energy system with retired electric vehicle batteries for off-grid power and heat supply," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 62, pp. 867-882, 2024.
  • [2] T. Liang, L. Chai, X. Cao, J. Tan, Y. Jing, and L. Lv, "Real-time optimization of large-scale hydrogen production systems using off-grid renewable energy: Scheduling strategy based on deep reinforcement learning," Renewable Energy, vol. 224, 2024.
  • [3] Z. Abdin, N. Al Khafaf, and B. McGrath, "Feasibility of hydrogen hybrid energy systems for sustainable on- and off-grid integration: An Australian REZs case study," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 57, pp. 1197-1207, 2024.
  • [4] Y. Zheng, S. You, C. Huang, and X. Jin, "Model-based economic analysis of off-grid wind/hydrogen systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 187, 2023.
  • [5] I. Viole, G. Valenzuela-Venegas, M. Zeyringer, and S. Sartori, "A renewable power system for an off-grid sustainable telescope fueled by solar power, batteries and green hydrogen," Energy, vol. 282, 2023.
  • [6] D. Concha, H. Renaudineau, M. S. Hernández, A. M. Llor, and S. Kouro, "Evaluation of DCX converters for off-grid photovoltaic-based green hydrogen production," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 46, no. 38, pp. 19861-19870, 2021.
  • [7] F. Gutiérrez-Martín, L. Amodio, and M. Pagano, "Hydrogen production by water electrolysis and off-grid solar PV," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 46, no. 57, pp. 29038-29048, 2021.
  • [8] Q. Hassan, A. Z. Sameen, H. M. Salman, and M. Jaszczur, "Large-scale green hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis using solar and wind energy," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2023.
  • [9] N. Esfandiari et al., "Metal-based cathodes for hydrogen production by alkaline water electrolysis: Review of materials, degradation mechanism, and durability tests," Progress in Materials Science, vol. 144, 2024.
  • [10] K. Zhou, J. Huang, D. Xiang, A. Deng, J. Du, and H. Liu, "Decoupled water electrolysis: Flexible strategy for pure hydrogen production with small voltage inputs," Journal of Energy Chemistry, vol. 94, pp. 340-356, 2024.
  • [11] M. Nasser and H. Hassan, "Thermo-economic performance maps of green hydrogen production via water electrolysis powered by ranges of solar and wind energies," Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 60, 2023.
  • [12] N. Ibagon, P. Muñoz, V. Díaz, E. Teliz, and G. Correa, "Techno-economic analysis for off-grid green hydrogen production in Uruguay," Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 67, 2023.
  • [13] N. Ibagon, P. Muñoz, and G. Correa, "Techno economic analysis tool for the sizing and optimization of an off-grid hydrogen hub," Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 73, 2023.
  • [14] J. Zhang, C. Hu, P. Deng, and Y. Yin, "A review on synthesis and modification of cobalt-molybdenum based sulfides as hydrogen and oxygen evolution catalysts for water electrolysis," Chemistry of Inorganic Materials, vol. 3, 2024.
  • [15] A. S. Emam, M. O. Hamdan, B. A. Abu-Nabah, and E. Elnajjar, "A review on recent trends, challenges, and innovations in alkaline water electrolysis," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 64, pp. 599-625, 2024.
  • [16] B. A. Horri and H. Ozcan, "Green Hydrogen Production by Water Electrolysis: Current Status and Challenges," Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 2024.
  • [17] B. E. Conway and G. Jerkiewicz, "Relation of energies and coverages of underpotential and overpotential deposited H at Pt and other metals to the ‘volcano curve’ for cathodic H2 evolution kinetics," Electrochimica Acta, vol. 45, pp. 4075-4083, 2000.
  • [18] A. A. Koverga, E. Flórez, and J. A. Rodriguez, "Pushing Cu uphill of the volcano curve: Impact of a WC support on the catalytic activity of copper toward the hydrogen evolution reaction," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 46, no. 49, pp. 25092-25102, 2021.
  • [19] C. Z. Loyola, S. Ureta-Zañartu, J. H. Zagal, and F. Tasca, "Activity volcano plots for the oxygen reduction reaction using FeN4 complexes: From reported experimental data to the electrochemical meaning," Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, vol. 32, 2022.
  • [20] Y. Mao, J. Chen, H. Wang, and P. Hu, "Catalyst screening: Refinement of the origin of the volcano curve and its implication in heterogeneous catalysis," Chinese Journal of Catalysis, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 1596-1605, 2015.
  • [21] P. Xiong et al., "Synthesis of core@shell catalysts guided by Tammann temperature," Nat Commun, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 420, Jan 10 2024.
  • [22] B. D. Mert, F. Ekinci, and T. Demirdelen, "Effect of partial shading conditions on off-grid solar PV/Hydrogen production in high solar energy index regions," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, no. 51, pp. 27713-27725, 2019.
  • [23] S. Ramakrishnan, M. Delpisheh, C. Convery, D. Niblett, M. Vinothkannan, and M. Mamlouk, "Offshore green hydrogen production from wind energy: Critical review and perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 195, 2024.
  • [24] H. Liu et al., "Design and on-site implementation of an off-grid marine current powered hydrogen production system," Applied Energy, vol. 330, 2023.
  • [25] P. Marocco, D. Ferrero, A. Lanzini, and M. Santarelli, "The role of hydrogen in the optimal design of off-grid hybrid renewable energy systems," Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 46, 2022.
  • [26] J. P. Viteri, S. Viteri, C. Alvarez-Vasco, and F. Henao, "A systematic review on green hydrogen for off-grid communities –technologies, advantages, and limitations," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 52, pp. 19751-19771, 2023.
  • [27] C. Liu, L. Wang, T. Zhang, X. Chen, and S. Ge, "Electromechanical dynamic analysis for powertrain of off-grid switched-reluctance wind turbine hydrogen production system," Renewable Energy, vol. 208, pp. 214-228, 2023.
  • [28] Q. Li, Q. Hua, C. Wang, A. Khosravi, and L. Sun, "Thermodynamic and economic analysis of an off–grid photovoltaic hydrogen production system hybrid with organic Rankine cycle," Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 230, 2023.
  • [29] R. Jacob and M. Müller, "Reducing stranded asset risk in off-grid renewable mine sites by including hydrogen production," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 47, no. 64, pp. 27326-27337, 2022.
  • [30] F. Gallardo, J. García, A. Monforti Ferrario, G. Comodi, and J. N. W. Chiu, "Assessing sizing optimality of OFF-GRID AC-linked solar PV-PEM systems for hydrogen production," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 47, no. 64, pp. 27303-27325, 2022.
  • [31] J. L. L. C. C. Janssen, M. Weeda, R. J. Detz, and B. van der Zwaan, "Country-specific cost projections for renewable hydrogen production through off-grid electricity systems," Applied Energy, vol. 309, 2022.
  • [32] A. S. Al-Buraiki and A. Al-Sharafi, "Hydrogen production via using excess electric energy of an off-grid hybrid solar/wind system based on a novel performance indicator," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 254, 2022.
  • [33] M. E. Mert et al., "Design and performance analysis of a PV-assisted alkaline electrolysis for hydrogen production: An experimental and theoretical study," Fuel, vol. 355, p. 129497, 2024/01/01/ 2024.
  • [34] Y. Segawa, N. Endo, E. Shimoda, T. Yamane, and T. Maeda, "Pilot-scale hydrogen energy utilization system demonstration: A case study of a commercial building with supply and utilization of off-site green hydrogen," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 50, pp. 26-36, 2024.
  • [35] D. Roy, M. Bhowmik, and A. P. Roskilly, "Technoeconomic, environmental and multi criteria decision making investigations for optimisation of off-grid hybrid renewable energy system with green hydrogen production," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 443, 2024.
  • [36] G. K. Karayel and I. Dincer, "Green hydrogen production potential of Canada with solar energy," Renewable Energy, vol. 221, 2024.
  • [37] G. K. Karayel and I. Dincer, "A study on green hydrogen production potential of Canada with onshore and offshore wind power," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 437, 2024.
  • [38] C. Ceylan and Y. Devrim, "Green hydrogen based off-grid and on-grid hybrid energy systems," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 99, pp. 39084-39096, 2023.
  • [39] M. J. Ginsberg, D. V. Esposito, and V. M. Fthenakis, "Designing off-grid green hydrogen plants using dynamic polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzers to minimize the hydrogen production cost," Cell Reports Physical Science, vol. 4, no. 10, 2023.
  • [40] B. Nastasi and S. Mazzoni, "Renewable Hydrogen Energy Communities layouts towards off-grid operation," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 291, 2023.
  • [41] K. Farhana, A. Shadate Faisal Mahamude, and K. Kadirgama, "Comparing hydrogen fuel cost of production from various sources - a competitive analysis," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 302, 2024.
  • [42] S. Krishnan et al., "Present and future cost of alkaline and PEM electrolyser stacks," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 83, pp. 32313-32330, 2023.
  • [43] M. N. I. Salehmin, T. Husaini, J. Goh, and A. B. Sulong, "High-pressure PEM water electrolyser: A review on challenges and mitigation strategies towards green and low-cost hydrogen production," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 268, 2022.
  • [44] A. Al-Qahtani, B. Parkinson, K. Hellgardt, N. Shah, and G. Guillen-Gosalbez, "Uncovering the true cost of hydrogen production routes using life cycle monetisation," Applied Energy, vol. 281, 2021.
  • [45] I. V. Pushkareva, A. S. Pushkarev, S. A. Grigoriev, P. Modisha, and D. G. Bessarabov, "Comparative study of anion exchange membranes for low-cost water electrolysis," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 49, pp. 26070-26079, 2020.
  • [46] A. Manzotti, E. Quattrocchi, A. Curcio, S. C. T. Kwok, M. Santarelli, and F. Ciucci, "Membraneless electrolyzers for the production of low-cost, high-purity green hydrogen: A techno-economic analysis," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 254, 2022.
  • [47] J. Proost, “State-of-the art CAPEX data for water electrolysers, and their impact on renewable hydrogen price settings,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol.;44, pp. 4406-4413, 2019.
  • [48] (2023, 16.11.2024). Türkiye hydrogen technologies strategy and roadmap. Available: https://enerji.gov.tr/announcements-detail?id=20349.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Electrochemistry, Renewable Energy Resources
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mehmet Erman Mert 0000-0002-0114-8707

Başak Doğru Mert 0000-0002-2270-9032

Fırat Ekinci 0000-0002-4888-7881

Publication Date July 31, 2025
Submission Date November 18, 2024
Acceptance Date April 15, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Mert, M. E., Doğru Mert, B., & Ekinci, F. (2025). PV-Assisted Hydrogen Production Technology for Off-Grid Renewable Energy Generation in Adana, Turkey. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, 13(3), 1057-1071. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1587399
AMA Mert ME, Doğru Mert B, Ekinci F. PV-Assisted Hydrogen Production Technology for Off-Grid Renewable Energy Generation in Adana, Turkey. DUBİTED. July 2025;13(3):1057-1071. doi:10.29130/dubited.1587399
Chicago Mert, Mehmet Erman, Başak Doğru Mert, and Fırat Ekinci. “PV-Assisted Hydrogen Production Technology for Off-Grid Renewable Energy Generation in Adana, Turkey”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 3 (July 2025): 1057-71. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1587399.
EndNote Mert ME, Doğru Mert B, Ekinci F (July 1, 2025) PV-Assisted Hydrogen Production Technology for Off-Grid Renewable Energy Generation in Adana, Turkey. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13 3 1057–1071.
IEEE M. E. Mert, B. Doğru Mert, and F. Ekinci, “PV-Assisted Hydrogen Production Technology for Off-Grid Renewable Energy Generation in Adana, Turkey”, DUBİTED, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1057–1071, 2025, doi: 10.29130/dubited.1587399.
ISNAD Mert, Mehmet Erman et al. “PV-Assisted Hydrogen Production Technology for Off-Grid Renewable Energy Generation in Adana, Turkey”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology 13/3 (July2025), 1057-1071. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1587399.
JAMA Mert ME, Doğru Mert B, Ekinci F. PV-Assisted Hydrogen Production Technology for Off-Grid Renewable Energy Generation in Adana, Turkey. DUBİTED. 2025;13:1057–1071.
MLA Mert, Mehmet Erman et al. “PV-Assisted Hydrogen Production Technology for Off-Grid Renewable Energy Generation in Adana, Turkey”. Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 13, no. 3, 2025, pp. 1057-71, doi:10.29130/dubited.1587399.
Vancouver Mert ME, Doğru Mert B, Ekinci F. PV-Assisted Hydrogen Production Technology for Off-Grid Renewable Energy Generation in Adana, Turkey. DUBİTED. 2025;13(3):1057-71.