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PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE HEMŞİRELERİN COVID-19 KORKUSU, GÜVEN DUYGUSU VE YARDIMLAŞMA DURUMLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 21, 206 - 226, 23.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.53092/duiibfd.909054

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, salgın sırasında hemşireler arasında iş arkadaşlarına güven, iş arkadaşlarına yardım ve COVID-19 korkusu arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmek ve iş arkadaşlarına güven ile iş arkadaşlarına yardım arasındaki ilişkide COVID-19 korkusunun aracı rolünü tespit etmektir. Araştırmanın evrenini Malatya ilindeki kamu hastanelerinde çalışan tüm hemşireler oluşturmaktadır. Nicel araştırma metodunun kullanıldığı çalışmada, veriler online (internet üzerinden anket tekniği) olarak 15 Şubat ve 15 Mart 2021 tarihlerinde rastgele örnekleme yöntemi olan kolayda örnekleme metodu kullanılarak 500 hemşire üzerinden toplanmıştır. Bu araştırmada öne sürülen hipotezlerle, iş arkadaşlarına güvenin, iş arkadaşlarına yardım üzerinde doğrudan bir etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, COVID-19 korkusunun, iş arkadaşlarına güven ile iş arkadaşlarına yardım arasındaki doğrudan ilişkiye aracılık ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılarak iş arkadaşlarına güven, iş arkadaşlarına yardım ve COVID-19 korkusu arasındaki yapısal ilişkilerin kabul edilebilir bir uyum indeksine sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

References

  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D. and Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID- 19 scale: “Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction”, 1.
  • Alpaykut. S. 2017. “Öğrenci Velilerinin Özel Okullardan Memnuniyet Düzeylerinin Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli ile Değerlendirilmesi”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2): 355-368.
  • Anderson, S. E. and Williams, L. J. (1996). “Interpersonal, job, and individual factors related to helping processes at work. Journal of Applied Psychology”, 81, 282-296.
  • Aydın İ. and Dülek B. (2020). “Covid-19 Pandemisinin Pazarlama Faaliyetleri Üzerindeki Etkileri”. Akdeniz Zirvesi 3. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi Tam Metin Bildiri Kitabı, Girne, 17 - 18 Ekim 2020, 45-54.
  • Baker, M. G., Peckham T. K., and Seixas N. S. (2020). “Estimating the burden of United States workers exposed to infection or disease: a key factor in containing the risk of COVID-19 infection”. PLOS One, 15(4), https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.02. 20030288.
  • Bijlsma-Frankema, K., De Jong, B. and Van de Bun, G. (2008). “Heed, a missing link between trust, monitoring and performance in knowledge intensive teams”. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(1), 19-40.
  • Bukhari, E. E., Temsah, M. H., Aleyadhy, A. A., Alrabiaa, A. A., Alhboob, A. A., Jamal, A. A., et al. (2016). “Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak perceptions of risk and stress evaluation in nurses. J. Infect. Dev. Ctries”. 10, 845–850. doi: 10.3855/jidc.6925
  • Byrne, B. M. (20109). “Testing For the Factorial Validity of a Theoretical Construct. Structural Equation Modeling with Amos: Basic Concepts0. Applications and Programming”. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge; p.74-82.
  • Chen, S. Y., Wu, W. C., Chang, C. S., Lin, C. T., Kung, J. Y., Weng, H. C., Lin, Y.-T. and Lee, S. I. (2015). “Organizational justice, trust, and identification and their effects on organizational commitment in hospital nursing staff. BMC Health Services Research, 15(1). DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-1016-8.
  • Dyne, L.V and LePine, J. A. (1998). “Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity”. The Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108-119.
  • Ehrhart, M. G., Bliese, P. D. and Thomas, J. L. (2006). “Unit-level OCB and unit effectiveness: Examining the incremental effect of helping behavior”. Human Performance, 19(2), 159-173.
  • Erdem, D., Atçı, H., Akan, B., Albayrak, D., Gökçınar, D., and Göğüş, N. (2010). “Anesteziyoloji ve reanimasyon kliniği asistanlarının yoğun bakım çalışma dönemlerinin, tükenmişlik, iş doyumu, işe bağlı gerginlik ve durumluluk-süreklilik kaygı düzeylerine etkisi”. Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni, 44(3), 93-99.
  • Foulk, T. A., De Pater, I. E., Schaerer, M., Du Plessis, C., Lee, R. and Erez, A. (2020). “It’s lonely at the bottom (too): The effects of experienced powerlessness on social closeness and disengagement”. Personnel Psychology, 73, 363-394.
  • Hu, L., Bentler, P. M. 1999. “Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives”. Structural Equation Modeling. 6(1): 1- 55.
  • Huang, J. Z., Han, M. F., Luo, T. D., Ren, A.K. and Zhou, X. P. (2020). “Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19”. Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 38(3), 192-195.
  • Ilgen, D. R. and Pulakos, E. D. (1999). “The Changing Nature of Performance: Implications for Staffing, Motivation, and Development”. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Kapcı, E. G. (2004). “İlköğretim öğrencilerinin zorbalığa maruz kalma türünün ve sıklığının depresyon, kaygı ve benlik saygısıyla ilişkisi”. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(1), 1-13.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2014). SPSS 21.1 “Uygulamalı Biyoistatistik”. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim ve Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti., Ankara.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). “Principles and practice of structural equation modeling”. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Laia, C. C., Shih, T. P., Ko, W. C., Tang, H. J., and Hsueh, P. R. (2020). “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges”. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 55(3), 105924.
  • Lin, C. Y. (2020). “Social reaction toward the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)”. Social Health and Behavior, 3(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.4103/shb.shb_11_20.
  • Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., Guarino, A. J. (2006). “Applied multivariate research: design and interpretation”. London: SAGE Publications
  • Nikolaou, I., Vakola, M. and Bouradas, D. (2011). “The role of silence on employees attitudes “the day after” a merger”. Personnel Review, 40(6), 723-741.
  • Nyhan, R. C. and Marlowe, H. A. (1997). “Development and psychometric properties of the organizational trust inventory”. Evaluation Review, 21(5), 614-635.
  • Orellana, C. I., and Orellana, L. M. (2020). “Predictores de síntomas emocionales durante la cuarentena domiciliar por pandemia de COVID-19 en El Salvador”. Actual. Psicol. 34, 103–120. doi: 10.15517/ap.v34i128.41431
  • Ornell, F., Schuch, J. B., Sordi, A. O., and Kessler, F. H. P. (2020). “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies”. Braz. J. Psychiatry 42, 232–235. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008
  • Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V.G., Papoutsi, E., & Katsaounou, P. (2020). “Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis”. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Ahead of Print https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026.
  • Pappas, G., Kiriaze, I. J., Giannakis, P., & Falagas, M. E. (2009). “Psychosocial consequences of infectious diseases”. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 15(8), 743–747. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02947.x
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B. and Bachrach, D. G. (2000). “Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research”. Journal of Management, 26, 513-563.
  • Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). “COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literatüre”. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 102066.
  • Reynolds, D. L., Garay, J. R., Deamond, S. L., Moran, M. K., Gold, W., and Styra, R. (2008). “Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience”. Epidemiol. Infect. 136, 997–1007. doi: 10.1017/S0950268807009156.
  • Rodríguez-Rey, R., Garrido-Hernansaiz, H., and Collado, S. (2020). “Psychological impact and associated factors during the initial stage of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic among the general population in Spain”. Front. Psychol. 11:1540. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01540.
  • Rotemberg, J. J. (1994). “Human relation in the workplace”. Journal of Political Economy, 102(4), 684-717.
  • Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, Müller H. 2003. “Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness of-fit measures”. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2):23-74.
  • Schumacker, R. E., Lomax, R. G. (2010). “A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling”. New York: Taylor Francis Group; p.85-90.
  • Tanner, B. M. (2007). “Analysis of the relationships among job satisfaction, organizational trust, and organizational commitment in an acute care hospital. Ph.D”. Thesis, Faculty of Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center.
  • Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği (2020). “Covid-19 tedavisinde önleyici, koruyucu ve tedavi edici psikiyatrik hizmetler”. Erişim 24 Kasım 2020, https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/TPDData/Uploads/files/COVID19_Pandemi_PsikiyatrikTedavilerTPDRTACB-05052020.pdf.
  • Ullman, J. B., Bentler, P. M. (2003). “Structural equation modeling. Handbook of psychology”, 607-634.
  • Van Dyne, L. and LePine, J. A. (1998). “Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity”. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 108-119.
  • Vineburgh, J. H. (2010). “A study of organizational trust and related variables among faculty members at HBCUs, Ph.D”. Thesis, University of Iowa.
  • Wang, J., Zhou, M. and Liu, F. (2020). “Reasons for health care workers becoming infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China”. Journal of Hospital Infection, 105(1), 100-101.
  • World Health Organization (2020). “Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public”, Retrieved from, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-at-higher-risk.html. 20th November 2020.
  • Xiang, Y.-T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T. and Ng, C. H. (2020). “Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed”. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228-229.
  • Zhang M, Zhou M, Tang F., Wang, Y., Nie, W., Zhang, L. and Gou, Y. (2020). “Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Henan, China”. Journal of Hospital Infection, 105(2), 183-187.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NURSES' FEAR OF COVID-19, SENSE OF TRUST AND HELPING DURING THE PANDEMIC PROCESS

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 21, 206 - 226, 23.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.53092/duiibfd.909054

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between trust in colleagues, helping colleagues, and fear of COVID-19 among nurses during the epidemic, and to identify the mediating role of COVID-19 fear in the relationship between trust in colleagues and helping colleagues. The extend of the study consists of all nurses working in public hospitals in the province of Malatya. In the study in which the quantitative research method was used, the data were collected from 500 nurses using the convenience sampling method, one of the non-random sampling methods, between February 15 and March 15, 2021 , using online survey technique. With the hypotheses put forward in this study, it was seen that trust in colleagues has a direct effect on helping colleagues.It has also been found that fear of COVID-19 mediates the direct relationship between trust in colleagues and helping colleagues. In addition, confirmatory factor analysis was performed and it was seen that the structural relationships between trust in colleagues, helping colleagues and fear of COVID-19 had an acceptable index of fit.

References

  • Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D. and Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID- 19 scale: “Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction”, 1.
  • Alpaykut. S. 2017. “Öğrenci Velilerinin Özel Okullardan Memnuniyet Düzeylerinin Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli ile Değerlendirilmesi”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(2): 355-368.
  • Anderson, S. E. and Williams, L. J. (1996). “Interpersonal, job, and individual factors related to helping processes at work. Journal of Applied Psychology”, 81, 282-296.
  • Aydın İ. and Dülek B. (2020). “Covid-19 Pandemisinin Pazarlama Faaliyetleri Üzerindeki Etkileri”. Akdeniz Zirvesi 3. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Kongresi Tam Metin Bildiri Kitabı, Girne, 17 - 18 Ekim 2020, 45-54.
  • Baker, M. G., Peckham T. K., and Seixas N. S. (2020). “Estimating the burden of United States workers exposed to infection or disease: a key factor in containing the risk of COVID-19 infection”. PLOS One, 15(4), https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.02. 20030288.
  • Bijlsma-Frankema, K., De Jong, B. and Van de Bun, G. (2008). “Heed, a missing link between trust, monitoring and performance in knowledge intensive teams”. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(1), 19-40.
  • Bukhari, E. E., Temsah, M. H., Aleyadhy, A. A., Alrabiaa, A. A., Alhboob, A. A., Jamal, A. A., et al. (2016). “Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak perceptions of risk and stress evaluation in nurses. J. Infect. Dev. Ctries”. 10, 845–850. doi: 10.3855/jidc.6925
  • Byrne, B. M. (20109). “Testing For the Factorial Validity of a Theoretical Construct. Structural Equation Modeling with Amos: Basic Concepts0. Applications and Programming”. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge; p.74-82.
  • Chen, S. Y., Wu, W. C., Chang, C. S., Lin, C. T., Kung, J. Y., Weng, H. C., Lin, Y.-T. and Lee, S. I. (2015). “Organizational justice, trust, and identification and their effects on organizational commitment in hospital nursing staff. BMC Health Services Research, 15(1). DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-1016-8.
  • Dyne, L.V and LePine, J. A. (1998). “Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity”. The Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108-119.
  • Ehrhart, M. G., Bliese, P. D. and Thomas, J. L. (2006). “Unit-level OCB and unit effectiveness: Examining the incremental effect of helping behavior”. Human Performance, 19(2), 159-173.
  • Erdem, D., Atçı, H., Akan, B., Albayrak, D., Gökçınar, D., and Göğüş, N. (2010). “Anesteziyoloji ve reanimasyon kliniği asistanlarının yoğun bakım çalışma dönemlerinin, tükenmişlik, iş doyumu, işe bağlı gerginlik ve durumluluk-süreklilik kaygı düzeylerine etkisi”. Şişli Etfal Hastanesi Tıp Bülteni, 44(3), 93-99.
  • Foulk, T. A., De Pater, I. E., Schaerer, M., Du Plessis, C., Lee, R. and Erez, A. (2020). “It’s lonely at the bottom (too): The effects of experienced powerlessness on social closeness and disengagement”. Personnel Psychology, 73, 363-394.
  • Hu, L., Bentler, P. M. 1999. “Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives”. Structural Equation Modeling. 6(1): 1- 55.
  • Huang, J. Z., Han, M. F., Luo, T. D., Ren, A.K. and Zhou, X. P. (2020). “Mental health survey of 230 medical staff in a tertiary infectious disease hospital for COVID-19”. Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, 38(3), 192-195.
  • Ilgen, D. R. and Pulakos, E. D. (1999). “The Changing Nature of Performance: Implications for Staffing, Motivation, and Development”. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Kapcı, E. G. (2004). “İlköğretim öğrencilerinin zorbalığa maruz kalma türünün ve sıklığının depresyon, kaygı ve benlik saygısıyla ilişkisi”. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 37(1), 1-13.
  • Karagöz, Y. (2014). SPSS 21.1 “Uygulamalı Biyoistatistik”. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim ve Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti., Ankara.
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). “Principles and practice of structural equation modeling”. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Laia, C. C., Shih, T. P., Ko, W. C., Tang, H. J., and Hsueh, P. R. (2020). “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges”. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 55(3), 105924.
  • Lin, C. Y. (2020). “Social reaction toward the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)”. Social Health and Behavior, 3(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.4103/shb.shb_11_20.
  • Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., Guarino, A. J. (2006). “Applied multivariate research: design and interpretation”. London: SAGE Publications
  • Nikolaou, I., Vakola, M. and Bouradas, D. (2011). “The role of silence on employees attitudes “the day after” a merger”. Personnel Review, 40(6), 723-741.
  • Nyhan, R. C. and Marlowe, H. A. (1997). “Development and psychometric properties of the organizational trust inventory”. Evaluation Review, 21(5), 614-635.
  • Orellana, C. I., and Orellana, L. M. (2020). “Predictores de síntomas emocionales durante la cuarentena domiciliar por pandemia de COVID-19 en El Salvador”. Actual. Psicol. 34, 103–120. doi: 10.15517/ap.v34i128.41431
  • Ornell, F., Schuch, J. B., Sordi, A. O., and Kessler, F. H. P. (2020). “Pandemic fear” and COVID-19: mental health burden and strategies”. Braz. J. Psychiatry 42, 232–235. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0008
  • Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V.G., Papoutsi, E., & Katsaounou, P. (2020). “Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis”. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Ahead of Print https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026.
  • Pappas, G., Kiriaze, I. J., Giannakis, P., & Falagas, M. E. (2009). “Psychosocial consequences of infectious diseases”. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 15(8), 743–747. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02947.x
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B. and Bachrach, D. G. (2000). “Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research”. Journal of Management, 26, 513-563.
  • Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). “COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literatüre”. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 102066.
  • Reynolds, D. L., Garay, J. R., Deamond, S. L., Moran, M. K., Gold, W., and Styra, R. (2008). “Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience”. Epidemiol. Infect. 136, 997–1007. doi: 10.1017/S0950268807009156.
  • Rodríguez-Rey, R., Garrido-Hernansaiz, H., and Collado, S. (2020). “Psychological impact and associated factors during the initial stage of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic among the general population in Spain”. Front. Psychol. 11:1540. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01540.
  • Rotemberg, J. J. (1994). “Human relation in the workplace”. Journal of Political Economy, 102(4), 684-717.
  • Schermelleh-Engel K, Moosbrugger H, Müller H. 2003. “Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: tests of significance and descriptive goodness of-fit measures”. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2):23-74.
  • Schumacker, R. E., Lomax, R. G. (2010). “A Beginner's Guide to Structural Equation Modeling”. New York: Taylor Francis Group; p.85-90.
  • Tanner, B. M. (2007). “Analysis of the relationships among job satisfaction, organizational trust, and organizational commitment in an acute care hospital. Ph.D”. Thesis, Faculty of Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center.
  • Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği (2020). “Covid-19 tedavisinde önleyici, koruyucu ve tedavi edici psikiyatrik hizmetler”. Erişim 24 Kasım 2020, https://www.psikiyatri.org.tr/TPDData/Uploads/files/COVID19_Pandemi_PsikiyatrikTedavilerTPDRTACB-05052020.pdf.
  • Ullman, J. B., Bentler, P. M. (2003). “Structural equation modeling. Handbook of psychology”, 607-634.
  • Van Dyne, L. and LePine, J. A. (1998). “Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity”. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 108-119.
  • Vineburgh, J. H. (2010). “A study of organizational trust and related variables among faculty members at HBCUs, Ph.D”. Thesis, University of Iowa.
  • Wang, J., Zhou, M. and Liu, F. (2020). “Reasons for health care workers becoming infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China”. Journal of Hospital Infection, 105(1), 100-101.
  • World Health Organization (2020). “Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public”, Retrieved from, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-at-higher-risk.html. 20th November 2020.
  • Xiang, Y.-T., Yang, Y., Li, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T. and Ng, C. H. (2020). “Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed”. Lancet Psychiatry, 7(3), 228-229.
  • Zhang M, Zhou M, Tang F., Wang, Y., Nie, W., Zhang, L. and Gou, Y. (2020). “Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding COVID-19 among healthcare workers in Henan, China”. Journal of Hospital Infection, 105(2), 183-187.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mehmet Emin Yaşar 0000-0001-8137-2946

Fuat Yalman 0000-0002-1041-1837

Şenol Çelik 0000-0001-5894-8986

Publication Date May 23, 2021
Submission Date April 3, 2021
Acceptance Date May 17, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 21

Cite

APA Yaşar, M. E., Yalman, F., & Çelik, Ş. (2021). PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE HEMŞİRELERİN COVID-19 KORKUSU, GÜVEN DUYGUSU VE YARDIMLAŞMA DURUMLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(21), 206-226. https://doi.org/10.53092/duiibfd.909054
AMA Yaşar ME, Yalman F, Çelik Ş. PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE HEMŞİRELERİN COVID-19 KORKUSU, GÜVEN DUYGUSU VE YARDIMLAŞMA DURUMLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. May 2021;11(21):206-226. doi:10.53092/duiibfd.909054
Chicago Yaşar, Mehmet Emin, Fuat Yalman, and Şenol Çelik. “PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE HEMŞİRELERİN COVID-19 KORKUSU, GÜVEN DUYGUSU VE YARDIMLAŞMA DURUMLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 11, no. 21 (May 2021): 206-26. https://doi.org/10.53092/duiibfd.909054.
EndNote Yaşar ME, Yalman F, Çelik Ş (May 1, 2021) PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE HEMŞİRELERİN COVID-19 KORKUSU, GÜVEN DUYGUSU VE YARDIMLAŞMA DURUMLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 11 21 206–226.
IEEE M. E. Yaşar, F. Yalman, and Ş. Çelik, “PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE HEMŞİRELERİN COVID-19 KORKUSU, GÜVEN DUYGUSU VE YARDIMLAŞMA DURUMLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ”, Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 21, pp. 206–226, 2021, doi: 10.53092/duiibfd.909054.
ISNAD Yaşar, Mehmet Emin et al. “PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE HEMŞİRELERİN COVID-19 KORKUSU, GÜVEN DUYGUSU VE YARDIMLAŞMA DURUMLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 11/21 (May 2021), 206-226. https://doi.org/10.53092/duiibfd.909054.
JAMA Yaşar ME, Yalman F, Çelik Ş. PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE HEMŞİRELERİN COVID-19 KORKUSU, GÜVEN DUYGUSU VE YARDIMLAŞMA DURUMLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;11:206–226.
MLA Yaşar, Mehmet Emin et al. “PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE HEMŞİRELERİN COVID-19 KORKUSU, GÜVEN DUYGUSU VE YARDIMLAŞMA DURUMLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ”. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 21, 2021, pp. 206-2, doi:10.53092/duiibfd.909054.
Vancouver Yaşar ME, Yalman F, Çelik Ş. PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE HEMŞİRELERİN COVID-19 KORKUSU, GÜVEN DUYGUSU VE YARDIMLAŞMA DURUMLARI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;11(21):206-2.

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