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ERKEKLERDE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET NORMLARINA UYUM, MOTİVASYON VE PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLUŞ İLİŞKİSİ

Year 2019, Volume: 2019 Issue: 2, 1 - 38, 03.07.2019

Abstract

Bu çalışma erkeklerin toplumsal cinsiyet
normlarına uyumları ve psikolojik iyi oluşları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi
amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma Toplumsal Cinsiyet Motivasyon Ölçeği (TCMÖ),
Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği (PİOÖ) ve Sosyo-Demografik veri formu kullanılarak
253 erkek katılımcı ile yürütülmüştür. Toplumsal Cinsiyet Motivasyonu ölçeği
kullanılarak feminen normlara içsel motivasyonlarla uyan, feminen normlara
dışsal motivasyonlarla uyan, maskülen normlara içsel motivasyonlarla uyan,
maskülen normlara dışsal motivasyonlarla uyan erkekler şeklinde dört değişken
elde edilmiştir. Bu değişkenler ve sosyo- demografik değişkenler kullanılarak,
hiyerarşik regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre erkeklerde psikolojik
iyi oluşu yordayan değişkenler etki büyüklüğü sırasıyla, eğitim durumu (.24),
içsel motivasyonlarla feminen normlara uyum (.24), dışsal motivasyonlarla
maskülen normlara uyum (-16), içsel motivasyonlarla maskülen normlara uyum
(.14), dışsal motivasyonlarla feminen normlara uyum (-12) ve yaş (.10)
şeklindedir.

References

  • Referans 1 Akerlof, George A. (1976). The economics of caste and of the rat race and other woeful tales. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 90(4) 599–617.Referans 2 Andersen, S. (2000). Fundamental human needs: making social cognition relevant. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 269-276.Referans 3 Badgett, M. V. ve Folbre, N (2008). Assigning care: gender norms and economic outcomes. International LabourReview, 138(3), 311-326.Referans 4 Batia, M. (2001). Emotions in collectivist and individualist contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(1), 68-74.Referans 5 Berke, S. D., Sloan, C. A, Parrott, D. ve Zeichner, A. (2012). Effects of female gender role and gender norm conformity aggression in men: Does positive masculinity reduce the risk? Psychology of Men & MasculinitY, 13(4) 367–378.Referans 6 Blackstone, A. (2009). Sex versus gender categorization. Encyclopedia of Gender and Society içinde (Cilt 2, s. 786). California: Sage Publications.Referans 7 Butler, J. (2010). Cinsiyet belası. İstanbul: Metis Yayıncılık.Referans 8 Cenkseven, F. (2004). Ünivesite öğrencilerinde öznel ve psikolojik iyi olmanın yordayıcılarının incelenmesi(Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Eğitim Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, Adana.Referans 9 Chirkov I. V., Richard M. R., Kim, Y. ve Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(1), 97-110.Referans 10 Chirkov I. V., Richard M. R. ve Sheldon, M. K. (2011). Introduction: The Struggle for Happiness and Autonomy in Cultural and Personal Contexts: Valery.Referans 11 Cialdini, R. B. ve Trost, M. R. (1999). Social influence: Social norms, conformity, and compliance. D. Gilbert, S. Fiske ve G. Lindzy (Ed.), The handbook of social psychology, Vol. 2 içinde ( s. 151–192). Boston: McGraw-Hill.Referans 12 Corrado, C. (2009). Sex versus gender categorization. Encyclopedia of Gender and Society içinde (Cilt 1, ss356). California: Sage Publications.Referans 13 Deci, E. ve Ryan, R. (1985a). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. New York: Plenum Press. Referans 14 Deci, E. ve Ryan, R. (1985b). The general causality orientations scale: self determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 109-134. Referans 15 Deci, E. ve Ryan, R. M. (1987) The support of autonomy and the control of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1024-1037. Referans 16 Deci, E. ve Ryan R. M. (2008). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: an introduction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 1–11.Referans 17 Deci, E. ve Ryan, R. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: human needs and the self determination of behaviour. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-269. Referans 18 Deci, E., Ryan, R., Gagne, M, Lronr, D., Usunov, J. ve Kornazheva, B. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation and well-being in the work organizasions of a former esatern bloc country: a cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27 (8), 930-942. Referans 19 Diener, E., Suh, E. ve Lucas, E. (1999). Subjective well-being: three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.Referans 20 Direk, Z. (2012). Queer kuram ve cinsiyet farklılığı. C. Çakırlar ve S.Delice (Ed.), Cinsellik muamması Türkiye’de Queer kültür ve muhalefet içinde (s. 72-92). İstanbul: Metis Yayınevi. 1. Baskı.Referans 21 Eagly, A. H. ve Karau, S. J. (2002) Role congruity theory of orejudice towards female leaders. Psychological Review, 109,573-598. Doi:10.1037/0033-295X.109.3.573Referans 22 Engaging Men, Changing Gender Norms: Directions for Gender-Transformative Action. Erişim tarihi: 10 Mayıs 2016, https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/Advocacy%20Brief-%20Gender%20Norms-1.pdfReferans 23 García-Ael, C., Cuadrado G. I. ve Molero, F. (2013). Think manager- think male in adolescents and its relation to sexism and emotions in leadership. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16, 1-11. Referans 24 Gauthier, A. H. (1998). The state and the family: a comparative analysis of family policies in ındustrialized countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Referans 25 Gerdtham, U.G. ve Johannesson, M. (2001). The relationship between happiness, health, and socio-economic factors: results based on Swedish microdata. Journal of Socio-Economics, 30(6), 553-557.Referans 26 Good, J. J. (2008). Reconciling the costs and benefits of gender conformity: The role of motivation. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, New Jersey.Referans 27 Good, J. J. ve Sanchez, D. T. (2010). Doing gender for different reasons: why gender conformity positively and negatively predicts self-esteem. Psychology Of Women Quarterly, 34, 203-214.Referans 28 Grolnick, W. S., Gurland, S. T., Decourcey, W. ve Jacob, K. (2002). Antecedents and Consequences of mothers’ autonomy support: An experimental İnvestigation. American Psychological Association, 38(1),143-155. Referans 29 Kimmel, M. (2011). The gendered society. New York: Oxford University Press.Referans 30 Koenig, M. A., Eagly, A., Mitchell, A. ve Ristikari, T. (2011). Are leader stereotypes masculine? a meta-analysis of three research paradigms. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 616-42. Referans 31 Kogut, D., Langley, T. ve O’Neal, E. C. (1992). Gender role masculinity and angry aggression in women. Sex Roles, 26, 355–368.Referans 32 Kutlu, E. (2012). Normlarla belirlenmiş olmamak: toplumsal cinsiyet permütasyonları. Kaos GL Dergisi, 126.Referans 33 Lahn, A., L. (2015). Gender equality gives men better lives. Science Nordic. http://sciencenordic.com/gender-equality-gives-men-better-livesReferans 34 Levant, R. F. (2004). Gender- role strain. Men and masculinities, A social, cultural and historical encyclopedia içinde (Cilt 1, s. 351-353). California: Abc-Clio,Inc.Referans 35 Mahalik, J. R., Locke, B., Ludlow, L., Diemer, M., Scott, R. P. J. ve Gottfried, M. (2003). Development of the conformity to feminine norms ınventory. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 4(1), 3-25.Referans 36 Manor, W. ve Kark, R. (2011). Women in Management in Israel. Women in Management Worldwide Progress. İçinde 279-299.Referans 37 McKelvey, D. K. (2012). Identity discrepancy, male role norms, and mental and physical health. (Doktora tezi) East Tennessee State University Department of Psychology, Tennessee.Referans 38 McLaren, M., A. (2002). Feminism, Foucault, and embodied subjectivity. Albany: State University of New York Press.Referans 39 Oswald, A. ve Powdthavee, N. (2007). Death, Happiness, and the Calculation of Compensatory Damages. IZA Discussion Paper 3159. Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor.Referans 40 Özmen, H. İ. (2009). Liderlik davranışını etkileyen toplumsal normların analizi. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı, Isparta.Referans 41 Parrott, D. J. ve Zeichner, A. (2003). Effects of hypermasculinity on physical aggression against women. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 4, 70–78.Referans 42 Ramet, S. P. (1996). Gender Reversals And Gender Cultures-An Introduction. Ed. S. P. Ramet. Gender Reversals And Gender Cultures. London and New York: Routledge.Referans 43 Reidy, D., Shirk, S., Sloan, C. ve Zeichner, A. (2009). Men who aggress against women: effects of feminine gender role violation on physical aggression in hypermasculine men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity. 10. 1-12. Referans 44 Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable S. L. ve Ryan R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 419-435.Referans 45 Ryan, R.M. ve Deci, E. (2000). Self – determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well- being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78.Referans 46 Ryan, R. M. ve Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 749-761.Referans 47 Ryan, R. M. ve Frederick, C. M. (1997). On energy, personality, and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being. Journal of Personality, 65, 529-565.Referans 48 Richardson, D. ve Hammock, G. S. (2007). Social context of human aggression: Are we paying too much attention to gender? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12, 417– 426.Referans 49 Ryan, R. M., Huta, V. ve Deci, E. (2008). Living well: a self-determination theory perspective on eudaimonia. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 139-170.Referans 50 Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality And Social Psychology, 57, 1071- 1072. Referans 51 Ryff, C., D. ve Keyes, M., L. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.Referans 52 Sanchez, D. T., Crocker, J. ve Boike K. R. (2005). Doing gender in the bedroom: Investing in gender norms and the sexual experience. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1445-1455.Referans 53 Sabates, R. ve Hammond, C. (2008). The Impact of Lifelong Learning on Happiness and Well-Being. Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2016, http://www.learningandwork.org.uk/lifelonglearninginquiry/docs/Ricardo-Wellbeing-evidence.pdf?redirectedfrom=niace Referans 54 Sarıtaş, E. (2013). Toplumsal norm ve ceza yaptırımının doğası üzerine. İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuası,71, 1051-1108.Referans 55 Schutte, O. (1997). A critique of normative heterosxuality: identity, embodiment, and sexual difference in Beauvoir and Irigaray. Hypatia, 12, 40-62.Referans 56 Topuz, C. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinde özgeciliğin öznel iyi oluş ve psikolojik iyi oluş ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Fatih Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Eğitim Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul.Referans 57 Uzun, Gizem, (2004), Kadın yöneticileri motive ve demotive eden faktörlerin tespitineyönelik bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adana.Referans 58 Wallerand, R. J. ve Bisonette, R. (1992). Intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivational styles as predictors of behavior: a prospective study. International Journal of Psychology, 60(3), 599-620.Referans 59 Williams, G., Frankel, B., Campbell, D. ve Deci, E. (2000). Research on relationship-centered care and healthcare outcomes from the Rochester biopsychosocial program: a self- determination theory integration. The Journal of Collaborative Family Healthcare, 18(1), 79-91.Referans 60 Williams, J. E., Satterwhite, R. C. ve Best, D. L. (1999). Pancultural gender stereotypes revisited: the five factor model. Sex Roles, 40, 513–525.Referans 60 Yetim, Ü. (2001). Toplumdan bireye mutluluk resimleri. Bağlam Yayınları: Ankara.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER NORMS, MOTIVATIONS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN MEN

Year 2019, Volume: 2019 Issue: 2, 1 - 38, 03.07.2019

Abstract

This study was conducted to understand the relationship between men's
conformity to gender norms and their psychological well-being. The study was
conducted with 253 men using the Gender Motivation Scale (GMS), Psychological
Well-Being Scale and Socio-Demographic Variables.
Using
the Gender Motivational Scale, four variables were obtained: Men’s conformity
to feminine norms with intrinsic motivations, men’s conformity to feminine
norms with extrinsic motivations, men’s conformity to masculine norms with intrinsic
motivations, and men’s conformity to masculine norms with extrinsic
motivations. Hierarchical regression analysis was done using the and
socio-demographic variables. According to the results, the variables that
predict the psychological well-being of men in regard to the effect size are as
follows, education status (.24), conformity to feminine norms with intrinsic
motivations (.24), conformity to with masculine norms with extrinsic
motivations (-16), conformity to masculine norms with intrinsic motivations
(.14), conformity to feminine norms with extrinsic motivations (-12), age (.10)

References

  • Referans 1 Akerlof, George A. (1976). The economics of caste and of the rat race and other woeful tales. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 90(4) 599–617.Referans 2 Andersen, S. (2000). Fundamental human needs: making social cognition relevant. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 269-276.Referans 3 Badgett, M. V. ve Folbre, N (2008). Assigning care: gender norms and economic outcomes. International LabourReview, 138(3), 311-326.Referans 4 Batia, M. (2001). Emotions in collectivist and individualist contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(1), 68-74.Referans 5 Berke, S. D., Sloan, C. A, Parrott, D. ve Zeichner, A. (2012). Effects of female gender role and gender norm conformity aggression in men: Does positive masculinity reduce the risk? Psychology of Men & MasculinitY, 13(4) 367–378.Referans 6 Blackstone, A. (2009). Sex versus gender categorization. Encyclopedia of Gender and Society içinde (Cilt 2, s. 786). California: Sage Publications.Referans 7 Butler, J. (2010). Cinsiyet belası. İstanbul: Metis Yayıncılık.Referans 8 Cenkseven, F. (2004). Ünivesite öğrencilerinde öznel ve psikolojik iyi olmanın yordayıcılarının incelenmesi(Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Eğitim Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, Adana.Referans 9 Chirkov I. V., Richard M. R., Kim, Y. ve Kaplan, U. (2003). Differentiating autonomy from individualism and independence: A self-determination theory perspective on internalization of cultural orientations and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(1), 97-110.Referans 10 Chirkov I. V., Richard M. R. ve Sheldon, M. K. (2011). Introduction: The Struggle for Happiness and Autonomy in Cultural and Personal Contexts: Valery.Referans 11 Cialdini, R. B. ve Trost, M. R. (1999). Social influence: Social norms, conformity, and compliance. D. Gilbert, S. Fiske ve G. Lindzy (Ed.), The handbook of social psychology, Vol. 2 içinde ( s. 151–192). Boston: McGraw-Hill.Referans 12 Corrado, C. (2009). Sex versus gender categorization. Encyclopedia of Gender and Society içinde (Cilt 1, ss356). California: Sage Publications.Referans 13 Deci, E. ve Ryan, R. (1985a). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. New York: Plenum Press. Referans 14 Deci, E. ve Ryan, R. (1985b). The general causality orientations scale: self determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 109-134. Referans 15 Deci, E. ve Ryan, R. M. (1987) The support of autonomy and the control of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1024-1037. Referans 16 Deci, E. ve Ryan R. M. (2008). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and well-being: an introduction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9, 1–11.Referans 17 Deci, E. ve Ryan, R. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: human needs and the self determination of behaviour. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-269. Referans 18 Deci, E., Ryan, R., Gagne, M, Lronr, D., Usunov, J. ve Kornazheva, B. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation and well-being in the work organizasions of a former esatern bloc country: a cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27 (8), 930-942. Referans 19 Diener, E., Suh, E. ve Lucas, E. (1999). Subjective well-being: three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.Referans 20 Direk, Z. (2012). Queer kuram ve cinsiyet farklılığı. C. Çakırlar ve S.Delice (Ed.), Cinsellik muamması Türkiye’de Queer kültür ve muhalefet içinde (s. 72-92). İstanbul: Metis Yayınevi. 1. Baskı.Referans 21 Eagly, A. H. ve Karau, S. J. (2002) Role congruity theory of orejudice towards female leaders. Psychological Review, 109,573-598. Doi:10.1037/0033-295X.109.3.573Referans 22 Engaging Men, Changing Gender Norms: Directions for Gender-Transformative Action. Erişim tarihi: 10 Mayıs 2016, https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/Advocacy%20Brief-%20Gender%20Norms-1.pdfReferans 23 García-Ael, C., Cuadrado G. I. ve Molero, F. (2013). Think manager- think male in adolescents and its relation to sexism and emotions in leadership. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16, 1-11. Referans 24 Gauthier, A. H. (1998). The state and the family: a comparative analysis of family policies in ındustrialized countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Referans 25 Gerdtham, U.G. ve Johannesson, M. (2001). The relationship between happiness, health, and socio-economic factors: results based on Swedish microdata. Journal of Socio-Economics, 30(6), 553-557.Referans 26 Good, J. J. (2008). Reconciling the costs and benefits of gender conformity: The role of motivation. Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, New Jersey.Referans 27 Good, J. J. ve Sanchez, D. T. (2010). Doing gender for different reasons: why gender conformity positively and negatively predicts self-esteem. Psychology Of Women Quarterly, 34, 203-214.Referans 28 Grolnick, W. S., Gurland, S. T., Decourcey, W. ve Jacob, K. (2002). Antecedents and Consequences of mothers’ autonomy support: An experimental İnvestigation. American Psychological Association, 38(1),143-155. Referans 29 Kimmel, M. (2011). The gendered society. New York: Oxford University Press.Referans 30 Koenig, M. A., Eagly, A., Mitchell, A. ve Ristikari, T. (2011). Are leader stereotypes masculine? a meta-analysis of three research paradigms. Psychological Bulletin, 137, 616-42. Referans 31 Kogut, D., Langley, T. ve O’Neal, E. C. (1992). Gender role masculinity and angry aggression in women. Sex Roles, 26, 355–368.Referans 32 Kutlu, E. (2012). Normlarla belirlenmiş olmamak: toplumsal cinsiyet permütasyonları. Kaos GL Dergisi, 126.Referans 33 Lahn, A., L. (2015). Gender equality gives men better lives. Science Nordic. http://sciencenordic.com/gender-equality-gives-men-better-livesReferans 34 Levant, R. F. (2004). Gender- role strain. Men and masculinities, A social, cultural and historical encyclopedia içinde (Cilt 1, s. 351-353). California: Abc-Clio,Inc.Referans 35 Mahalik, J. R., Locke, B., Ludlow, L., Diemer, M., Scott, R. P. J. ve Gottfried, M. (2003). Development of the conformity to feminine norms ınventory. Psychology of Men and Masculinity, 4(1), 3-25.Referans 36 Manor, W. ve Kark, R. (2011). Women in Management in Israel. Women in Management Worldwide Progress. İçinde 279-299.Referans 37 McKelvey, D. K. (2012). Identity discrepancy, male role norms, and mental and physical health. (Doktora tezi) East Tennessee State University Department of Psychology, Tennessee.Referans 38 McLaren, M., A. (2002). Feminism, Foucault, and embodied subjectivity. Albany: State University of New York Press.Referans 39 Oswald, A. ve Powdthavee, N. (2007). Death, Happiness, and the Calculation of Compensatory Damages. IZA Discussion Paper 3159. Germany: Institute for the Study of Labor.Referans 40 Özmen, H. İ. (2009). Liderlik davranışını etkileyen toplumsal normların analizi. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı, Isparta.Referans 41 Parrott, D. J. ve Zeichner, A. (2003). Effects of hypermasculinity on physical aggression against women. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 4, 70–78.Referans 42 Ramet, S. P. (1996). Gender Reversals And Gender Cultures-An Introduction. Ed. S. P. Ramet. Gender Reversals And Gender Cultures. London and New York: Routledge.Referans 43 Reidy, D., Shirk, S., Sloan, C. ve Zeichner, A. (2009). Men who aggress against women: effects of feminine gender role violation on physical aggression in hypermasculine men. Psychology of Men & Masculinity. 10. 1-12. Referans 44 Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable S. L. ve Ryan R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 419-435.Referans 45 Ryan, R.M. ve Deci, E. (2000). Self – determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well- being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78.Referans 46 Ryan, R. M. ve Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 749-761.Referans 47 Ryan, R. M. ve Frederick, C. M. (1997). On energy, personality, and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being. Journal of Personality, 65, 529-565.Referans 48 Richardson, D. ve Hammock, G. S. (2007). Social context of human aggression: Are we paying too much attention to gender? Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12, 417– 426.Referans 49 Ryan, R. M., Huta, V. ve Deci, E. (2008). Living well: a self-determination theory perspective on eudaimonia. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 139-170.Referans 50 Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality And Social Psychology, 57, 1071- 1072. Referans 51 Ryff, C., D. ve Keyes, M., L. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719-727.Referans 52 Sanchez, D. T., Crocker, J. ve Boike K. R. (2005). Doing gender in the bedroom: Investing in gender norms and the sexual experience. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1445-1455.Referans 53 Sabates, R. ve Hammond, C. (2008). The Impact of Lifelong Learning on Happiness and Well-Being. Erişim Tarihi: 15 Mayıs 2016, http://www.learningandwork.org.uk/lifelonglearninginquiry/docs/Ricardo-Wellbeing-evidence.pdf?redirectedfrom=niace Referans 54 Sarıtaş, E. (2013). Toplumsal norm ve ceza yaptırımının doğası üzerine. İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuası,71, 1051-1108.Referans 55 Schutte, O. (1997). A critique of normative heterosxuality: identity, embodiment, and sexual difference in Beauvoir and Irigaray. Hypatia, 12, 40-62.Referans 56 Topuz, C. (2013). Üniversite öğrencilerinde özgeciliğin öznel iyi oluş ve psikolojik iyi oluş ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Fatih Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Eğitim Bilimleri Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul.Referans 57 Uzun, Gizem, (2004), Kadın yöneticileri motive ve demotive eden faktörlerin tespitineyönelik bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adana.Referans 58 Wallerand, R. J. ve Bisonette, R. (1992). Intrinsic, extrinsic, and amotivational styles as predictors of behavior: a prospective study. International Journal of Psychology, 60(3), 599-620.Referans 59 Williams, G., Frankel, B., Campbell, D. ve Deci, E. (2000). Research on relationship-centered care and healthcare outcomes from the Rochester biopsychosocial program: a self- determination theory integration. The Journal of Collaborative Family Healthcare, 18(1), 79-91.Referans 60 Williams, J. E., Satterwhite, R. C. ve Best, D. L. (1999). Pancultural gender stereotypes revisited: the five factor model. Sex Roles, 40, 513–525.Referans 60 Yetim, Ü. (2001). Toplumdan bireye mutluluk resimleri. Bağlam Yayınları: Ankara.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zeynep Akgun 0000-0001-7801-3010

Publication Date July 3, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 2019 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akgun, Z. (2019). ERKEKLERDE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET NORMLARINA UYUM, MOTİVASYON VE PSİKOLOJİK İYİ OLUŞ İLİŞKİSİ. Dünya Multidisipliner Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2019(2), 1-38.


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