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SOSYAL GİRİŞİMCİLİK EKOSİSTEMİNDE ENERJİ KOOPERATİFLERİNİN DURUMUNUN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 24 - 46, 18.06.2022

Abstract

Girişimciliğin hız kazandığı 21. Yüzyılda sosyal girişimcilik yeni bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Toplumsal bir soruna çare üretmek ve değer katmak üzere gelişen sosyal girişimcilik kavramı ile kooperatifçiliğin temel ilkeleri, bu kavramları beraber kullanmayı gerektirmektedir. Ülkeler için hayati bir kavram olan enerji özellikle sürdürülebilir kalkınma odakları çerçevesinde büyük önem taşımaktadır. Artan nüfusla beraber enerji talebinin büyümesi, enerji üretimine olan girişimleri arttırmaktadır. Ancak topluluk ekonomisi ile enerji üretiminin sağlandığı ihtiyaçların yerelde karşılanarak yerel faydanın büyütüldüğü enerji kooperatifçiliği modeli henüz yeterince yaygınlaşmamıştır. Türkiye’de yenilenebilir enerji kooperatifleri 2010’lu yıllardan sonra gündeme gelmiş olup, 1163 sayılı Kooperatifçilik Kanunu kapsamında değerlendirilmektedir. Kooperatiflerin enerji üretimini sağlayarak sosyal girişim modelinin benimsenmesi ve bu hususta gerekli politikaların geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu alanda bu sorunlara çözüm getirmek üzere dünyadaki sosyal girişim modelleri ve enerji kooperatiflerinin durumları incelenmiştir. Yürütülen bu araştırmada araştırma yöntemi şöyle belirlenmiştir: Öncelikli olarak ikincil verileri değerlendirmek üzere konu ile ilgili uluslararası yayınlar ve ulusal ölçekte Bakanlık ve bağlı kurumlarınca yapılmış rapor ve yayınlar incelenmiştir. Ayrıca literatür taraması yapılarak bilimsel olarak yayınlanmış akademik araştırmalar ile günümüze kadar yapılan araştırmalar incelenmiştir. Türkiye ölçeğinde enerji kooperatiflerinin sosyal girişimcilik bağlamında değerlendirilmesi ve başarılı yatırımların hayata geçmesi ile sosyal faydanın büyütülmesine yol göstermek üzere bu araştırma yürütülmüştür.

References

  • Ayanoğlu, (2013). Social Responsibility Principle in Cooperatives and Renewable Energy Cooperatives -Kooperatiflerde Toplumsal Sorumluluk İlkesi ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Kooperatifleri. T.C. Ministry of Trade, Cooperatives General Directorate, Master Thesis, Ankara.
  • Ayanoğlu, (2014). Renewable Energy Cooperatives with World Examples-Dünya Örnekleri İle Yenilenebilir Enerji Kooperatifleri. Association of Energy Experts- Enerji Uzmanları Derneği, Energy Market Bulletin- Enerji Piyasası Bülteni, February 2014, No:31, 2-5.
  • British Council, Turkey, (2019). The State of Social Enterprise in Turkey. https://www.britishcouncil.org.tr/programmes/education/social-enterprise-research , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Bursa Eskişehir Bilecik Development Agency (BEBKA), (2016). The Vision of Bursa Cooperatives Panel and Workshop-Bursa Kooperatifçiliğinin Vizyonu Panel Ve Çalıştayı. https://www.kalkinmakutuphanesi.gov.tr/assets/upload/dosyalar/koopvizyonpanelirapor-1568975388.pdf , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Cebeci, A. N. (2018). Renewable Energy Cooperatives in the World, the Natural Miracle in Turkey on the Requirement of Solar Energy Cooperatives. Journal of Strategic Research in Social Science, 4 (2), 1-22.
  • Dees, (2001). The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship. https://centers.fuqua.duke.edu/case/knowledge_items/the-meaning-of-social-entrepreneurship/ , [accessed 10.11.2021].
  • Erkan, (2019). File: A Local Enterprise Model: Renewable Energy Cooperatives -Dosya:Yerel Bir Girişim Modeli: Yenilenebilir Enerji Kooperatifleri. Gündergi Magazine, November 2018-April 2019, No:12, https://www.gunder.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/gundergi-sayi-12-d.pdf , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Gül, Paksoy, (2019). A Theoretical Research On Social Entrepreneurship. International Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal, (Issn:2630-631X) 5(26): 1911-1928 [accessed Nov 09 2021]. http://auzefkitap.istanbul.edu.tr/kitap/kok/girisimcilikau219.pdf , [accessed Nov 10 2021].
  • https://koopdestek.org.tr/ , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • https://socialnomics.net/2012/07/03/the-10-greatest-social-entrepreneurs-of-all-time/ , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • https://sosyalekonomi.org/kooperatiflerin-sirketlerden-farki/ , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5d4c0d1b13b876180c773f8f/brosur-yeuk.pdf, [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • https://ticaret.gov.tr/kooperatifcilik/bilgi-bankasi/kooperatifler-hakkinda/yenilenebilir-enerji-kooperatifleri , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • https://ticaret.gov.tr/kooperatifcilik/bilgi-bankasi/kooperatifler-hakkinda/yenilenebilir-enerji-kooperatifleri , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • https://www.ica.coop/en/what-co-operative-0 , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • https://www.sosyalkooperatif.com/sosyal-girisim-modelleri , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • ILO (International Labour Office), (2013). Providing Clean Energy And Energy Access Through Cooperatives. https://enerji.mmo.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/ILO-ENERJ%C4%B0-KOOPERAT%C4%B0FLER%C4%B0-RAPORU.pdf , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Kaya, (2017). Handbook Of Energy Cooperatives / Community-Based Energy Production. Green Thought Association, Troy Environmental Association, https://www.yenkoop.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/enerji-kooperatifleri-el-kitabi. pdf , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Koçak, Kavi (2015). Social Entrepereneur Municipality As A Social Policy Actor. HAK-IS International Journal of Labor and Society, 3 (6), 26-49, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/hakisderg/issue/7580/99509 , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Kötek, (2014). Renewable Energy Cooperatives Should Be Set On The Road- Yenilenebilir Enerji Kooperatifleri İçin Yola Koyulmalı. http://enerjigunlugu.net/yenilenebilir-enerji-kooperatifleri-icinyola-koyu_7924.html#.VPyF1fmsUsA , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • NRECA International, http://www.nrecainternational.coop. , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Özdevecioğlu, Cingöz, (2009). Social Entrepreneurship And Social Entrepreneurs: Theoretical Framework. Erciyes University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences (ERUFEAS), No: 32, January-June 2009, pg.81-95, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/66531 , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Şensöz, (2019). Renewable Energy Cooperative System And It's Effects. Turkish Water Foundation, Climate Change and Environment-İklim Değişikliği ve Çevre, 4, (2) 10–22 , https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/838679 , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Sönmez, Arıker, Toksoy, (2016). Development of Social Entrepreneurship in the World And Turkey. Journal Of Socıal Scıences And Humanıtıes Researches, Bahar/Spring 2016-Cilt/Volume 17-Sayı/Issue 37.
  • T.C. Cooperative Law, No: 1163, (15.05.1969), https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.1163.pdf , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • T.C. Ministry Of Environment, Urbanization And Climate Change, https://izmir.csb.gov.tr/kooperatif-ve-kooperatifciligin-tanimi-i-1529 , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • T.C. Ministry of Trade, (2013). https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5d4c10d213b876180c773ff8/GUKU-SON.pdf , [accessed 10.12.2021]. Turkish Trade Law, Law No:6762, 09.07.1956, Official Newspaper -Resmi Gazete, No:9353, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/9353.pdf , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • TUSEV (Third Sector Foundation of Turkey) Publications, No: 50 , (2010). Social Enterprises and Turkey Needs Analysis Report - Sosyal Girişimler ve Türkiye İhtiyaç Analizi Raporu. http://sosyalgirisim.org/userfiles/document/Sosyal%20Girisimler%20ve%20Turkiye_web.pdf , [accessed Nov 09 2021].
  • Tutar, F.K. (2019). A New Evolution For Cooperatives In Turkey: Energy Cooperatives. Journal Of Social And Humanities Sciences Research (Jshsr), Vol:6 Issue:33 Pp:400-416 (Issn:2459-1149)
  • Uyar, (2016). In Cooperative Companies and Ordinary Companies; Scope of the Right to Follow the "Company" and/or "Company Partner" of Third Parties who are Creditors from the "Company" and/or "Company Partner-Kooperatif Şirketler ile Adi Şirketlerde; “Şirket”ten ve/veya “Şirket Ortağı”ndan Alacaklı Olan Üçüncü Kişilerin “Şirket”i ve/veya “Şirket Ortağı”nı Takip Hakkının Kapsamı. Ankara Bar Association Magazines, 2016/1, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/398511 , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Willis, Willis, (2012). Cooperative Renewable Energy in the UK; a Guide to This Growing Sector. https://www.uk.coop/sites/default/files/uploads/attachments/renewableenergy_0_0_0.pdf, [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Zaki, (2012). An Overview of Social Entrepreneurship. AUC Research Conference, Entrepreneurship & Innovation: Shaping the Future of Egypt, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322640782_An_overview_of_social_entreprenurship , [accessed 10.12.2021].

EXAMINATION OF THE STATUS OF ENERGY COOPERATIVES IN THE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP ECOSYSTEM

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 24 - 46, 18.06.2022

Abstract

Social entrepreneurship and the basic principles of cooperatives, which develop to create a solution to a social problem and add value, require using these concepts together. The increase in energy demand with the increasing population increases the initiatives for energy production. However, the energy cooperative model, in which the needs of the community economy and energy production are met locally, and the local benefit is enlarged, has not become widespread enough yet. It is necessary to adopt the social enterprise model by providing the energy production of the cooperatives and to develop the necessary policies in this regard. In this study, the research method was determined as follows: First of all, international publications on the subject and reports and publications made by the Ministry and its affiliated institutions on a national scale were examined in order to evaluate the secondary data. In addition, academic researches published scientifically and researches made up to date were examined with literature review. This research was carried out in order to evaluate the energy cooperatives in Turkey in the context of social entrepreneurship and to guide the growth of social benefit by realizing successful investments.

References

  • Ayanoğlu, (2013). Social Responsibility Principle in Cooperatives and Renewable Energy Cooperatives -Kooperatiflerde Toplumsal Sorumluluk İlkesi ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Kooperatifleri. T.C. Ministry of Trade, Cooperatives General Directorate, Master Thesis, Ankara.
  • Ayanoğlu, (2014). Renewable Energy Cooperatives with World Examples-Dünya Örnekleri İle Yenilenebilir Enerji Kooperatifleri. Association of Energy Experts- Enerji Uzmanları Derneği, Energy Market Bulletin- Enerji Piyasası Bülteni, February 2014, No:31, 2-5.
  • British Council, Turkey, (2019). The State of Social Enterprise in Turkey. https://www.britishcouncil.org.tr/programmes/education/social-enterprise-research , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Bursa Eskişehir Bilecik Development Agency (BEBKA), (2016). The Vision of Bursa Cooperatives Panel and Workshop-Bursa Kooperatifçiliğinin Vizyonu Panel Ve Çalıştayı. https://www.kalkinmakutuphanesi.gov.tr/assets/upload/dosyalar/koopvizyonpanelirapor-1568975388.pdf , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Cebeci, A. N. (2018). Renewable Energy Cooperatives in the World, the Natural Miracle in Turkey on the Requirement of Solar Energy Cooperatives. Journal of Strategic Research in Social Science, 4 (2), 1-22.
  • Dees, (2001). The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship. https://centers.fuqua.duke.edu/case/knowledge_items/the-meaning-of-social-entrepreneurship/ , [accessed 10.11.2021].
  • Erkan, (2019). File: A Local Enterprise Model: Renewable Energy Cooperatives -Dosya:Yerel Bir Girişim Modeli: Yenilenebilir Enerji Kooperatifleri. Gündergi Magazine, November 2018-April 2019, No:12, https://www.gunder.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/gundergi-sayi-12-d.pdf , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Gül, Paksoy, (2019). A Theoretical Research On Social Entrepreneurship. International Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal, (Issn:2630-631X) 5(26): 1911-1928 [accessed Nov 09 2021]. http://auzefkitap.istanbul.edu.tr/kitap/kok/girisimcilikau219.pdf , [accessed Nov 10 2021].
  • https://koopdestek.org.tr/ , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • https://socialnomics.net/2012/07/03/the-10-greatest-social-entrepreneurs-of-all-time/ , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • https://sosyalekonomi.org/kooperatiflerin-sirketlerden-farki/ , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5d4c0d1b13b876180c773f8f/brosur-yeuk.pdf, [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • https://ticaret.gov.tr/kooperatifcilik/bilgi-bankasi/kooperatifler-hakkinda/yenilenebilir-enerji-kooperatifleri , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • https://ticaret.gov.tr/kooperatifcilik/bilgi-bankasi/kooperatifler-hakkinda/yenilenebilir-enerji-kooperatifleri , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • https://www.ica.coop/en/what-co-operative-0 , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • https://www.sosyalkooperatif.com/sosyal-girisim-modelleri , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • ILO (International Labour Office), (2013). Providing Clean Energy And Energy Access Through Cooperatives. https://enerji.mmo.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/ILO-ENERJ%C4%B0-KOOPERAT%C4%B0FLER%C4%B0-RAPORU.pdf , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Kaya, (2017). Handbook Of Energy Cooperatives / Community-Based Energy Production. Green Thought Association, Troy Environmental Association, https://www.yenkoop.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/enerji-kooperatifleri-el-kitabi. pdf , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Koçak, Kavi (2015). Social Entrepereneur Municipality As A Social Policy Actor. HAK-IS International Journal of Labor and Society, 3 (6), 26-49, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/hakisderg/issue/7580/99509 , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Kötek, (2014). Renewable Energy Cooperatives Should Be Set On The Road- Yenilenebilir Enerji Kooperatifleri İçin Yola Koyulmalı. http://enerjigunlugu.net/yenilenebilir-enerji-kooperatifleri-icinyola-koyu_7924.html#.VPyF1fmsUsA , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • NRECA International, http://www.nrecainternational.coop. , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Özdevecioğlu, Cingöz, (2009). Social Entrepreneurship And Social Entrepreneurs: Theoretical Framework. Erciyes University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences (ERUFEAS), No: 32, January-June 2009, pg.81-95, https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/66531 , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Şensöz, (2019). Renewable Energy Cooperative System And It's Effects. Turkish Water Foundation, Climate Change and Environment-İklim Değişikliği ve Çevre, 4, (2) 10–22 , https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/838679 , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Sönmez, Arıker, Toksoy, (2016). Development of Social Entrepreneurship in the World And Turkey. Journal Of Socıal Scıences And Humanıtıes Researches, Bahar/Spring 2016-Cilt/Volume 17-Sayı/Issue 37.
  • T.C. Cooperative Law, No: 1163, (15.05.1969), https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.1163.pdf , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • T.C. Ministry Of Environment, Urbanization And Climate Change, https://izmir.csb.gov.tr/kooperatif-ve-kooperatifciligin-tanimi-i-1529 , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • T.C. Ministry of Trade, (2013). https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5d4c10d213b876180c773ff8/GUKU-SON.pdf , [accessed 10.12.2021]. Turkish Trade Law, Law No:6762, 09.07.1956, Official Newspaper -Resmi Gazete, No:9353, https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/9353.pdf , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • TUSEV (Third Sector Foundation of Turkey) Publications, No: 50 , (2010). Social Enterprises and Turkey Needs Analysis Report - Sosyal Girişimler ve Türkiye İhtiyaç Analizi Raporu. http://sosyalgirisim.org/userfiles/document/Sosyal%20Girisimler%20ve%20Turkiye_web.pdf , [accessed Nov 09 2021].
  • Tutar, F.K. (2019). A New Evolution For Cooperatives In Turkey: Energy Cooperatives. Journal Of Social And Humanities Sciences Research (Jshsr), Vol:6 Issue:33 Pp:400-416 (Issn:2459-1149)
  • Uyar, (2016). In Cooperative Companies and Ordinary Companies; Scope of the Right to Follow the "Company" and/or "Company Partner" of Third Parties who are Creditors from the "Company" and/or "Company Partner-Kooperatif Şirketler ile Adi Şirketlerde; “Şirket”ten ve/veya “Şirket Ortağı”ndan Alacaklı Olan Üçüncü Kişilerin “Şirket”i ve/veya “Şirket Ortağı”nı Takip Hakkının Kapsamı. Ankara Bar Association Magazines, 2016/1, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/398511 , [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Willis, Willis, (2012). Cooperative Renewable Energy in the UK; a Guide to This Growing Sector. https://www.uk.coop/sites/default/files/uploads/attachments/renewableenergy_0_0_0.pdf, [accessed 10.12.2021].
  • Zaki, (2012). An Overview of Social Entrepreneurship. AUC Research Conference, Entrepreneurship & Innovation: Shaping the Future of Egypt, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322640782_An_overview_of_social_entreprenurship , [accessed 10.12.2021].
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Environmentally Sustainable Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Aslı Menekşe Kırar 0000-0003-1976-2104

Hayati Olgun 0000-0002-1777-2010

Publication Date June 18, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kırar, A. M., & Olgun, H. (2022). EXAMINATION OF THE STATUS OF ENERGY COOPERATIVES IN THE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP ECOSYSTEM. Dünya Multidisipliner Araştırmalar Dergisi, 5(1), 24-46.


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