Çok Düşük Frekans Uygulamaları için MCFOA Tabanlı Akım-Modlu Kesir-Mertebeli KHN Süzgeci

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, modifiye akım geri beslemeli işlemsel kuvvetlendirici (MCFOA) kullanılarak çok düşük frekans (VLF) aralığında (3 kHz–30 kHz) çalışacak şekilde tasarlanmış akım-modlu (CM) kesirli-dereceli Kerwin–Huelsman–Newcomb (KHN) süzgeç devresi sunulmaktadır. Yazarların bilgisi dâhilinde, bu çalışma MCFOA’nın hem pozitif hem de negatif Y terminallerini birlikte kullanan özgün bir yaklaşım önermektedir. Üç adet MCFOA elemanı ve toprağa bağlı pasif bileşenlerden oluşan önerilen devre, ek bir devre yapısına ihtiyaç duymadan eş zamanlı olarak kesirli-dereceli yüksek geçiren, bant geçiren, alçak geçiren, bant durduran ve tüm geçiren süzgeç çıkışları sağlamaktadır. Devrede kapasitörlerin kullanılması, kesirli-dereceli süzgeçlerin karakteristik bir özelliği olan geçiş ve durdurma bantları arasındaki eğimin hassas bir şekilde kontrol edilebilmesine imkân tanımaktadır. Önerilen devrenin performansı PSpice benzetimleri ile doğrulanmış olup geniş dinamik aralık, yüksek doğrusalık, geniş bant genişliği, düşük güç tüketimi ve düşük harmonik bozunum gibi üstün özellikler sergilediği gösterilmiştir. Ayrıca devrenin kesim frekansı 1 kHz olarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, önerilen süzgeç yapısının VLF uygulamaları için oldukça uygun olduğunu göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb (KHN) Süzgeci
• Akım-Modlu
• Çok Düşük Frekans (VLF)
• Kesir-Mertebeli Süzgeçler
• İyileştirilmiş Akım Geri Beslemeli İşlemsel Yükselteç (MCFOA)

MCFOA-Based Current-Mode Fractional-Order KHN Filter for Very Low Frequency Applications

Abstract

This paper introduces a fractional-order Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb (KHN) filter circuit operating in current-mode (CM), designed for the very low frequency (VLF) range (3 kHz to 30 kHz), utilizing a modified current feedback operational amplifier (MCFOA). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this represents a novel approach in this field, utilizing both positive and negative Y-terminals of the MCFOA. The circuit, built with three MCFOA elements and grounded passive components, provides fractional-order high-pass, band-pass, low-pass, band-stop, and all-pass outputs simultaneously without additional circuitry. The use of capacitors enables precise control over the transition slope between pass and stop bands, a unique feature of fractional-order filters. PSpice simulations confirm excellent performance, including wide dynamic range, high linearity, broad bandwidth, low power consumption, and minimal harmonic distortion, with a cut-off frequency of 1 kHz. These characteristics make this configuration highly suitable for VLF applications.

Keywords

• Kerwin-Huelsman-Newcomb (KHN) Filter
• Curret-Mode
• Very Low Frequency (VLF)
• Fractioanal-Order Filters
• Modified Current Feedback Operational Amplifier (MCFOA).

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