Hidrolik türbin-jeneratör ünitesinde denge etkisinin teorik ve deneysel analizi

Abstract

Denge durumu, yüksek dönüş hızlarında ve büyük mekanik yükler altında çalışan hidrolik türbin-jeneratör ünitelerinin kararlılığı, dinamik davranışı ve titreşim özellikleri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu çalışma, 150 MW'lık bir Francis türbininin operasyonel kararlılığı üzerindeki denge etkilerinin etkisini araştırmaktadır. İlk olarak, denge etkilerini içeren yeni bir doğrusal olmayan çok serbestlik dereceli matematiksel model geliştirilmiştir. Model için gerekli olan sertlik ve sönümleme katsayıları, türbin-jeneratör ünitesine monte edilen sensörler kullanılarak hem mutlak hem de göreceli titreşimler ölçülerek çeşitli çalışma koşulları altında belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra, türbinden elde edilen titreşim verileri, denge arızasından önce, sırasında ve sonra model tahminleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, denge durumunun güvenli titreşim seviyelerinin ve kararlı çalışmanın korunmasında kritik bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, önerilen matematiksel model, farklı çalışma senaryoları altında türbinin dinamik davranışını başarıyla yakalamaktadır. Bu çalışma, hidrolik türbinler için geliştirilmiş tasarım, kurulum ve işletme stratejilerini destekleyebilecek hem teorik hem de pratik bilgiler sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Hidrolik türbin
• denge
• dengesizlik
• arıza analizi
• matematiksel model

Theoretical and Practical Analysis of the Balance Effect on the Hydraulic Turbine-Generator Unit

Abstract

The balance condition has a significant influence on the stability, dynamic behavior, and vibration characteristics of hydraulic turbine-generator units operating at high rotational speeds and under large mechanical loads. This study investigates the impact of balance effects on the operational stability of a 150 MW Francis turbine. First, a new nonlinear multi-degree-of-freedom mathematical model incorporating balance effects is developed. The stiffness and damping coefficients required for the model were identified under various operating conditions by measuring both absolute and relative vibrations using sensors installed on the turbine-generator unit. Subsequently, vibration data obtained from the turbine were compared with model predictions before, during, and after balance failure. The results demonstrate that the balance condition plays a critical role in maintaining safe vibration levels and stable operation. Furthermore, the proposed mathematical model successfully captures the dynamic behavior of the turbine under different operating scenarios. This study provides both theoretical and practical insights that can support improved design, installation, and operational strategies for hydraulic turbines.

Keywords

• Hydraulic turbine
• balance
• unbalance
• failure analysis
• mathematical model

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