İŞLETMELERDE STRATEJİ-YAPI UYUMU ÜZERİNE LİTERATÜRDEKİ TARTIŞMALAR VE UYUM KAVRAMININ KAPSAMI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Abstract

Stratejik yönetim literatüründe, stratejiler ile örgüt yapıları arasındaki olumlu etkileşim ve uyum konusu önemli bir tartışma sahası olmuştur. Stratejilerin örgüt yapıları üzerinde ve örgüt yapısının da stratejiler üzerinde etkisi olduğu yönündeki tartışmalar süregelmektedir. Çalışmamızda uluslararası ve ulusal literatür taraması ile strateji-yapı etkileşimi ve uyumu konularındaki tartışmalar ortaya konulmakta ve literatürdeki strateji ve yapı arasında ki etkileşim ve uyum konularında ki çalışmalar bir araya getirilerek toplu halde sunulmakta ve mevcut çalışmalardan seçici alıntılar yapılarak mevcut tartışmalar ve uyum kavramının kullanım şekilleri ve sıklığı ortaya konulmaktadır. Bu çalışmamızın amacı, stratejik yönetim alanında yazılmış uluslararası ve ulusal makaleleri tematik ve metodolojik açıdan incelemek ve konu hakkındaki literatürün çerçevesini kuramsal olarak belirlemektir. Literatürde strateji-yapı etkileşimi ve uyumu konularında yapılan araştırmalar kavramsal çerçevede ortaya konulmaktadır. Yapılan yazın taraması sonucunda, stratejinin yapı üzerindeki etkisinin daha baskın olduğu yönündeki görüşlerin ağırlıklı olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak özellikle son yıllardaki çalışmalarda strateji ve yapı arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşimin varlığının kabul gördüğü görülmektedir. Uluslararası ve ulusal yazın taraması sonucunda ulusal makalelerde en çok uyum ve etkileşim kavramlarının, uluslararası makalelerde ise uyum (fit) ve uyuşma (alignment) kelimelerinin sıklıkla kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

• Strateji,Yapı,Uyum,Etkileşim,Literatür Taraması

DISCUSSIONS ON THE LITERATURE OF STRATEGY-STRUCTURE FIT IN COMPANIES AND AN EVALUATION ON THE COMPREHENSION OF THE CONCEPT OF FIT

Abstract

In strategic management literature, positive interaction and harmony between strategies and organizational structures has become an important debate. There are debates about the effects of strategies on organizational structures and organizational structure on strategies. In our study, international and national literature searches and discussions about strategy-structure interaction and fit were put forward and the studies on interaction and fit between the strategy and structure in the literature are presented collectively and the selective discussions are made from the existing studies and the usage and frequency of the usage of the controversies and adaptation concept are presented. The aim of this study is to examine the international and national issues written in the field of strategic management from a thematic and methodological point of view and to frame the literature on the subject in theory. In the literature, research on strategy-structure interaction and fit issues are presented in conceptual framework. As a result of the literature scan, it was seen that the emphasis was on the idea that the effect of the strategy on the structure was more dominant. However, especially in the recent years, the existence of mutual interaction between strategy and structure seems to be accepted. As a result of the international and national literature searches, it has been determined that the most common concepts of adaptation (uyum) and interaction (etkileşim) are used in national articles and the fit and alignment words in international articles are frequently used.

Keywords

• Strategy,Structure,Fit,Interaction,Literature Scanning

References

1. Aktaş, M. (2012). İşletme Stratejisi ve Performans Yönetimi İlişkisi: Strateji-Yapı Perspektifi, İş, Güç Endüstri İlişkileri ve İnsan Kaynakları Dergisi, 14(1), 91-102.
2. Aleksić, A. & Jelavić, S.R. (2017). Testing For Strategy-Structure Fit And Its Importance For Performance, Management, (22), 85–102.
3. Amburgey T.L. & Dacin, T. (1994). As The Left Foot Follows The Right The Dynamics Of Strategic And Structural Change, Academy of Management Journal, 37(6), 1427–1452.
4. Andrews, K. J. (1971). The Concept of Corporate Strategy, Dow Jones-Irwin.
5. Ansoff, H. I. (1965). Corporate Strategy, New York: McGraw-Hill.
6. Barca, M. & Hızıroğlu, M. (2009). 2000’li Yıllarda Türkiye’de Stratejik Yönetim Alanının Entellektüel Yapısı, Eşkişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 4(1), 113-148.
7. Baird, L. & Meshoulam, I. (1988). Managing Two Fits of Strategic Human Resource Management, The Academy of Management Review, 13(1), 116-128.
8. Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage, Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120.

9. Bourgeois, L. J. (1980). Performance and Consensus, Strategic Management Journal, 1(3), 227-248.
10. Bower, G. H. (1970). Imagery as a Relational Organizer in Associative Learning, Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 9(5), 529-533.
11. Burns, T. & Stalker, G.M. (1961). The Management of Innovation, London: Tavistock.
12. Chan, L.M., Margaret, A.S. & Snape, E. (2004). In search of sustained competitive advantage: the impact of organizational culture, competitive strategy and human resource management practices on firm performance, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15(1), 17-35.
13. Chandler, A. (1962). Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the American Industrial Enterprise, Cambridge: MIT Press.
14. Coşkun, M. (2010). Üslup Çalışmaları Üzerine, Nesrin İnşası: Düzyazıda Dil, Üslup ve Türler, Eski Türk Edebiyatı Çalışmaları V, Turkuaz, İstanbul, 72-83.
15. Çetin, Ç. K. & Çaylan, D. Ö. (2015). Stratejik Yönetim Yazınının Entelektüel Yapısında Değişim: 2001-2012 Yılları Arası Bibliyometrik Bir Değerlendirme, 21. Ulusal Yönetim ve Organizasyon Kongresi, Kütahya, 591-600.
16. Dalyan, F. (2002). Stratejik Yönetim Alanında Yapılmış Lisansüstü Çalışmalarla İlgili Bir Durum Saptaması”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, (3), 57-77.
17. Doty, D. H., Glick, W. H. & Huber, G. P. (1993). Fit, Equifinality, and Organizational Effectiveness: A Test of Two Configurational Theories, Academy of Management Journal, 36(6), 1196-1250.
18. Drago, W. A. (1997). Organization Structure And Strategic Planning: An Empirical Examination, Management Research News, 20, (6), 30-42.
19. Duman, Ş. A., Kalemci, R. A. & Çakar, M. (2005). Türkiye’de Stratejik Yönetim Alanının Kapsamını Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Araştırma, Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(1), 57–72.
20. Entrialgo, M. (2002). The Impact of the Alignment of Strategy and Managerial Characteristics on Spanish SMEs, Journal of Small Business Management, July, 40(3), 260-270.
21. Galbratih, J. R. & Nathanson, D. A. (1978). Strategy Implementation: The Role of Structure and Process, West. Pub.
22. Geiger, S. W., Ritchie, W. J. & Marlin, D. (2006). Strategy/Structure Fit and Firm Performance, Organization Development Journal, 24(2), 10–22.
23. Govindarajan, V. (1988). A Contingency Approach to Strategy Implementation at the Business-Unit Level: Integrating Administrative Mechanisms with Strategy, Academy of Management Journal, 31(4), 828-853.
24. Grinyer, P. H., Ardekani, M. Y. & Bazzaz, S. A. (1980). Strategy, Structure, the Environment, and Financial Performance in 48 United Kingdom Companies, Academy of Management Journal, 23(2), 193-220.
25. Grinyer, P. H. & Ardekani, M. Y. (1981). Strategy, Structure, Size and Bureaucracy, The Academy of Management Journal, Septenber, 24(3), 471-486.
26. Grogaard, B. (2012). Alignment of Strategy and Structure in International Firms: An Empirical Examination, International Business Review, (21), 397–407.
27. Gupta, A. & Govindarajan, V. (1984). Business Unit Strategy, Managerial Characteristics and Business Unit Effectiveness at Strategy Implementation, Academy of Management Journal, (27), 25-41.
28. Hall D. J. & Saias, M.A. (1980). Strategy Follows Structure, Strategic Management Journal, (1), 149-163.
29. Hofer, C. W. & Schendel, D. (1978). Strategy Formulation: Analytical Concept, West Publishing.
30. Horowitz, J. & Thietart, R. (1982). Strategy, Management Design and Firm Perfonnance, Strategic Management Journal, (3), 67-76.
31. Hunger, J. D. & Wheelen, T. L. (2012). Strategic Management and Business Policy, 13.Ed., Bentley University, Pearson.
32. Jennings, D. F. & Seaman, S.L. (1994). High and Low Levels of Organizational Adaptation: An Empirical Analysis of Strategy, Structure, and Performance, 15(6), 459-475.
33. Keats, B. W. & Hitt, M. A. (1988). A Causal Model of Linkages Among Environmental Dimensions, Macro Organizational Characteristics, and Performance, Academy of Management Journal, 31(3), 570-598.
34. Köseoğlu, M. A., Karayormuk, K. & Barca, M. (2013). Stratejik Yönetim Literatüründe İş Etiğinin Örüntüsü Nasıl Gelişiyor? Türkiye’deki Akademik Çalışmalar Üzerine Bir Araştırma, İş Ahlakı Dergisi Turkish, 6(1), 79-110.
35. Lawrence, P. R. & Lorsch, J. W. (1967). Differentation and Integration in Complex Organizations, Administrative Science Quarterly, June, 12(1), 1-47.
36. Lee, J. & Miller, D. (1996). Strategy, Environment and Performance in Two Technological Contexts: Contingency Theory in Korea, Organization Studies, 17(5), 729-750.
37. Lukas, B. A., Tan, J. J. & Hult, G. T. M. (2001). Strategic Fit in Transitional Economies: The Case of China’s Electronics Industry, Journal of Management, 27(4), 409-429.
38. Miles, R. E., Snow, C. C., Meyer, A. D. & Coleman, H. J. (1978). Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process, Academy of Management Review, 3(3), 546–562.
39. Miles, R. E. & Snow, C. C. (1984). Fit Failure And The Hall of Fame, California Management Review, Spring, XXVI(3), 10-28.
40. Miller, D. & Friesen, P. H. (1984). A Longitudinal Study of the Corporate Life Cycle, Management Science, 30(10), 1161-1183.
41. Miller, D. (1986). Configurations of Strategy and Structure, Strategic Management Journal. 7(3), 233-249.
42. Miller, D. (1987). Strategy Making And Structure: Analysis And Implications For Performance, Academy Of Management Journal, 30(1), 7-32.
43. Miller, D. (1988). Relating Porter's Business Strategies to Environment and Structure: Analysis and Performance Implications, Academy of Management Journal, 31(2), 280-308.
44. Mintzberg, H. (1979). The Structuring of Organizations, Englewood Cliffs New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
45. Mintzberg, H. (1981). Organization Design: Fashion or Fit, Harward Business Review, January-February, 103–116.
46. Mintzberg, H. (1989). Mintzberg on Management, New York: The Free Press.
47. Neis D. F., Pereira, M. F. & Maccari, E.A. (2016). Strategic Planning Process and Organizational Structure: Impacts, Confluence and Similarities, Brazilian Business Review, 14(5), 479–492.
48. Newport, S., Dess, G. G. & Rashee, A. M. A. (1991). Nurturing Strategic Coherency, Planning Review, 19(6), 18-27.
49. Okumuş, F. (2003). A Framework to İmplement Strategies in Organizations, Management Decision, 41(9), 871-882.
50. Okumuş, F., Koyuncu, M. & Günlü, E. (2014). İşletmelerde Stratejik Yönetim, 2.Baskı., Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
51. Ortega, E. M. P., Azorin, J. F. M. & Cortes, E. C. (2008). A Comparative Analysis Of The İnfluence That Different Fit Perspectives Have On Firm Performance, Management Research, Spring, 6(2), 139-150.
52. Ortega, E. M. P., Azorin, J. F. M. & Cortes, E. C. (2010). Competitive Strategy, Structure and Firm Performance. Management Decision, 48(8), 1282–1303.
53. Öğülmüş, S. (1991). İçerik çözümlemesi, Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1), 213-228.
54. Park, D., Chinta, R., Lee, M., Turner, J. & Kilbourne, L. (2011). Macro-fit versus Micro-fit of the Organization with its Environment: Implications for Strategic Leadership, International Journal of Management, 28(2), 488-492.
55. Peters, T. & Waterman R. (1982). In Search of Excellence, New York: Harper and Row.
56. Pitts, R. A. (1980). Toward a Contingency Theory of Multibusiness Organization Design, Academy of Management Review, 5(2), 203-210.
57. Porter, M. (1981). The Contributions of Industrial Organization to Strategic Management, The Academy of Management Review, 6(4), 609-620.
58. Porter, M. (1996). What Is Strategy, HBR, Nov.-Dec., 61-78.
59. Porter, M. (2013). HBR’S 10 MUST READS, On Strategy, Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation, 2011, Strateji, Optimist Yayın No: 341, Çev. Melis İnan, İstanbul.
60. Powell, T. C. (1992). Organizational Alignment as Competitive Advantage, Strategic Management Journal, (13), 119–134.
61. Rumelt, R. P. (1974), Strategy, Structure and Economic Performance, Harvard University Press.
62. Stacey, M. (1970). Methods of Social Research, Pergamon Press Ltd..
63. Szilagyi, A. D. & Schweiger, D. M. (1984). Matching Managers to Strategies: A Review and Suggested Framework, The Academy of Management Review, October, 9(4), 626-637.
64. Teare, R. E., Costa, J. & Eccles, G. (1998). Relating Strategy, Structure and Performance, Journal of Workplace Learning, 10(2), 58–75.
65. Thompson, A. A., Strickland, A. J. (1999). Strategic Management: Cases and Concepts, Singapore: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
66. Waterman, R. H., Peters, T. J. & Phillips, J.R. (1980). Structure is not Organization, McKinsey Quarterly. Summer, (3), 2-20.
67. Weick, K. E. (1979). The Social Psychology of Organizing, 2. Ed., McGraw-Hill.
68. Williamson, O. E. (1985). The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, New York: The Free Press.
69. Xu, S., Çavuşgil S. T. & White, J. C. (2006). The Impact of Strategic Fit Among Strategy, Structure and Processes on Multinational Corporation Performance: A Multimethod Assesment, Journal of International Marketing, 14(2), 1-31.
70. Venkatraman, N., Camillus, J. C. (1984). Exploring the Concept of Fit in Strategic Management, Academy of Management Review, 9(3), 513-525.
71. Venkatraman, N. (1989). The Concept of Fit in Strategy Research: Toward Verbal and Statistical Correspondence, Academy of Management Review, 14(3), 423-444.
72. Zajac, E. J., Kraatz, M. S. & Bresser, R. K. F. (2000). Modeling The Dynamics Of Strategic Fit: A Normative Approach To Strategic Change, Strategic Management Journal, 21(4), 429-453.
73. http://www.tdk.gov.tr/index.php?option=com_gts&arama=gts&guid=TDK.GTS.5aff35f5da4be2.12195662, Erişim Tarihi: 21.04.2018.