• All articles sent to Düzce University Journal of Technical Sciences for evaluation must be submitted in accordance with the writing template and the rules written here. Articles that do not comply with this will be returned to the author for re-editing.
• The header and article information sections should not be tampered with.
• Cambria font must be used throughout the article.
• The title of the article should be Cambria, 12 point, italic and no more than 20 words.
• The abstract should be a minimum of 150 and a maximum of 200 words and should be prepared in Cambria, 10 point font.
• Keywords should be a maximum of 5, listed alphabetically and written in Cambria 10 point italics.
• In the studies carried out, do not leave a space with the enter key when creating a line break or paragraph initiation within the text.
• Figures should be numbered and figure titles should be centered below the figure. Figure titles should be in Cambria 8 point font.
• Tables should be numbered and table titles should be centered above the table. Table titles should be in Cambria 8 point font.
• Page numbers, headers and footers should not be used.
• The title of the References section should not be numbered. All reference elements should be 8 point font. Please use Regular and Italic styles to distinguish different fields as shown in the References section. List the reference elements alphabetically, one after the other.
• The journal uses APA 7 style bibliography. Author(s) should observe the following APA 7 format:

IN-TEXT CITATION FORMATS

1- If There is One or Two Authors

Aslan, S., & Deniz, F. N. (2022). Teamwork efficiency: A new modelling approach: Yeni bir modelleme yaklaşımı. Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(1), 110-125.
Yılmaz, E. B. (2024). Liderlik stillerinin örgütsel bağlılığa etkisi. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(3), 50-65.
References written within the same parentheses in the text are listed alphabetically and separated from each other by a semicolon (;). Additionally, the ampersand (&) symbol is used in parentheses within the text, and the conjunction ‘and/ve’ is used in narrative citations.
• Parenthetical citation: (Aslan & Deniz, 2022; Yılmaz, 2024).
• Narrative citation: Aslan and Deniz (2022),…; Yılmaz (2024),…
• Narrative citation: in 2022, Aslan and Deniz,….; in 2024, Yılmaz,…

2- Citing Works by the Same Author and Year
a- If it is done in the same year and by the same author
Yılmaz, Z. (2025a). Aktif öğrenme metotlarının sınıf içi dinamiklere etkisi. Eğitim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 15(2), 40-55.
Yılmaz, Z. (2025b). Yetişkin eğitimi programlarında dijital araçların entegrasyonu. Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(4), 110-125.
• Parenthetical citation: (Yılmaz, 2025a, 2025b).
• Narrative citation: Yılmaz (2024a),…; Yılmaz (2024b),…

b- If it is done in the same year and by the same two authors
Akıncı, B., & Yılmaz, C. (2024a). Eğitimde teknolojinin artan rolü. Eğitim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 15(3), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.9876/ecb.2023.10.1.15
Akıncı, B., & Yılmaz, C. (2024b). An analysis of university students' motivation levels. Toplumsal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 112-128.
• Parenthetical citation: (Akıncı & Yılmaz, 2024a, 2024b).
• Narrative citation: Akıncı and Yılmaz (2024a),…; Akıncı and Yılmaz (2024b),…

c- If it is done in the same year and by the same three authors
Demir, E., Kaya, M., & Şahin, P. (2023a). İklim değişikliğinin tarım ürünleri üzerindeki etkileri. Ekoloji ve Çevre Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 15-30.
Demir, E., Kaya, M., & Şahin, P. (2023b). Su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilir yönetimine yönelik yeni yaklaşımlar. Uluslararası Su Politikaları Dergisi, 5(2), 88-105.
• Parenthetical citation: (Demir et al., 2023a, 2023b).
• Narrative citation: Demir et al. (2023a),…; Demir et al. (2023b),…

d- If the first 3 authors are the same and the others are different
Kara, E. E., Ak, M., Yıldız, S., Deniz, K., & Güneş, F. (2024). Farklı modelleme stratejilerinin karşılaştırılması: yeni bir alanın metodolojik keşfi. Teknik Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 40-55.
Kara, E. E., Ak, M., Yıldız, S., Uzun, H., & Ay, L. (2024). Uygulamalı alanlarda modelleme çeşitliliği: yöntemsel yaklaşımların etki analizi. Araştırma Yöntemleri Dergisi, 5(2), 112-130.
• Parenthetical citation: (Kara, Ak, Yıldız, Deniz, et al., 2024; Kara, Ak, Yıldız, Uzun, et al., 2024).
• Narrative citation: Kara, Ak, Yıldız, Deniz et al. (2024),…; Kara, Ak, Yıldız, Uzun et al. (2024),…
• Narrative citation: in 2024, Kara, Ak, Yıldız, Deniz et al.,…; in 2024, Kara, Ak, Yıldız, Uzun et al.,…

3- Citing Works That Shorten to the Same “et al.” form
Can, A., Ateş, G., & Sönmez, L. (2025). The impact of social media platforms on young people. Medya Çalışmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 12-25.
Can, A., Deniz, P., & Güneş, E. (2025). The development of digital literacy skills. Teknoloji ve Eğitim Dergisi, 4(2), 40-55.
• Parenthetical citation: (Can, Ateş, et al., 2025; Can, Deniz, et al., 2025).
• Narrative citation: Can, Ateş, et al. (2025),…; Can, Deniz, et al. (2025),…
• Narrative citation: in 2025, Can, Ateş et al.…; in 2025,… Can, Deniz et al.,…

Articles with three or more authors who share the same surname and were published in the same year should be cited as ‘et al., year’ after the second author's surname to avoid confusion when abbreviated as ‘(Can et al., 2025)’ within the text.

4- Citing Authors with the Same Surname But Different First Names
Yılmaz, A. (2024). Psikolojik dayanıklılık ve akademik başarı ilişkisi. Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(3), 45-60.
Yılmaz, M. (2024). Yeni nesil öğrenme teknikleri üzerine deneysel bir çalışma. Öğretim Teknolojileri, 5(1), 10-25.
• Parenthetical citation: (A. Yılmaz, 2024; M. Yılmaz, 2024).
• Narrative citation: A. Yılmaz (2024),…; M. Yılmaz (2024),…
• Narrative citation: in 2024, A. Yılmaz,…; in 2024, M. Yılmaz,…

ARTICLE BIBLIOGRAPHY WRITING

1- When There are 3 or More Authors
Öztürk, B., Kaya, D., & Arslan, M. (2021). Social media use and its impact on academic performance among university students. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 4(2), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1234/jeto.2021.0045
• Parenthetical citation: (Öztürk et al., 2021).
• Narrative citation: Öztürk et al. (2021),…
• Narrative citation: in 2021, Öztürk et al.,…
According to APA 7th edition, when there are 3 or more authors, all authors are listed in full. The symbol (&) is placed before the last author. If there are more than 21 authors, the names of the first 19 authors are listed. After the 19th author's name, (…) is placed, and the last author's name is added at the end of the list. “&” is not used before the last author. If the article has 20 authors, all authors are listed, and an ampersand (&) is placed before the last author.

Aktaş, M., Uysal, D., Smith, A., Narinoğlu, O., Bilgin, C., Jones, D., Dinç, M., Güner, E., Williams, J., Brown, G., Kara, E. E., Çıtır, B., Aslan, S., Aslan, A., Yeşilyurt, Ö., Güneş, F., Erkaya, M., Rençber, N., Oğuz, R.,…, Zengin, H. (2024). Artificial intelligence and learning algorithms in large-scale data sets. Journal of Computer Sciences, 30(4), 1120–1145.
• Parenthetical citation: (Aktaş et al., 2024).
• Narrative citation: Aktaş et al. (2024),…
• Narrative citation: in 2024, Aktaş et al.,…

2- Citing an Article with an Article Number
Aslan, L., & Demir, R. (2020). Using television series as a tool in medical education: A pilot study. BMC Medical Education, 20(1), Article 150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02000-5
• Parenthetical citation: (Aslan & Demir, 2020).
• Narrative citation: Aslan and Demir (2020),…
• Narrative citation: in 2020, Aslan and Demir,…

3- Magazine or Journal Article
Demir, A., & Yılmaz, N. (2022, July 5). Climate change reshapes migration patterns in Europe. Nature, 607(7918), 45–46. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01999-1
Kara, S. (2021, March 12). Artificial intelligence in daily life: Opportunities and risks. The Guardian Weekly, 204(11), 14–15.
Öztürk, M. (2023, October 10). The rise of e-sports culture. Harper’s Magazine. https://harpers.org/archive/2023/10/the-rise-of-e-sports-culture
• Parenthetical citations: (Demir & Yılmaz, 2022; Kara, 2021; Öztürk, 2023).
• Narrative citations: Kara (2021),…; Demir and Yılmaz (2022),…; Öztürk (2023),…
• Narrative citations: in 2021, Kara…; in 2022, Demir and Yılmaz…; in 2023, Öztürk…

4- Citing articles written in other languages
Li, W., & Chen, Y. (2023). The impact of smartphones on children's cognitive development. Journal of Technology and Society, 15(2), 45-60. [in Chinese].
Petrova, A. A., & Smirnov, I. B. (2024). The use of nanomaterials in aerospace technology. Journal of Applied Physics, 35(4), 112-128. [in Russian].
5- If you can transliterate the title of a work
Li, W., & Chen, Y. (2023). Zhìnéng shǒujī duì értóng rènzhī fāzhǎn de yǐngxiǎng [The impact of smartphones on children's cognitive development]. Kējì yǔ shèhuì [Technology and Society], 15(2), 45-60. [In Chinese].
Petrova, A. A., & Smirnov, I. B. (2024). Primeneniye nanomaterialov v aerokosmicheskoy tekhnike [The use of nanomaterials in aerospace technology]. Zhurnal prikladnoy fiziki [Journal of Applied Physics], 35(4), 112-128. [In Russian].
6- If you can’t transliterate the title of a work
Li, W., & Chen, Y. (2023). 智能手机对儿童认知发展的影响 [The impact of smartphones on children's cognitive development]. 科技与社会 [Technology and Society], 15(2), 45-60.
Petrova, A. A., & Smirnov, I. B. (2024). Применение наноматериалов в аэрокосмической технике [the use of nanomaterials in aerospace technology]. Журнал прикладной физики [Journal of Applied Physics], 35(4), 112-128.
• Parenthetical citations: (Li & Chen, 2023; Petrova & Smirnov, 2024).
• Narrative citations: Li and Chen (2023),…; Petrova and Smirnov (2024),…
• Narrative citations: in 2023, Li and Chen,…; in 2024, Petrova and Smirnov,…

7- Missing volume number
Lipscomb, A. Y. (2021). Addressing trauma in the college essay writing process. The Journal of College Admission, (249), 30–33. https://www.catholiccollegesonline.org/pdf/national_ccaa_in_the_news_-_nacac_journal_of_college_admission_winter_2021.pdf
8- Missing issue number
Bosco, G., Rizzato, A., Moon, R. E., & Camporesi, E. M. (2018). Environmental physiology and diving medicine. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 72. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00072
Sanchiz, M., Chevalier, A., & Amadieu, F. (2017). How do older and young adults start searching for information? Impact of age, domain knowledge and problem complexity on the different steps of information searching. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.038
9- Missing page or article number
Butler, J. (2017). Where access meets multimodality: The case of ASL music videos. Kairos: A Journal of Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy, 21(1). http://technorhetoric.net/21.1/topoi/butler/index.html
• Parenthetical citations: (Bosco et al., 2018; Butler, 2017; Lipscomb, 2021; Sanchiz et al., 2017).
• Narrative citations: Bosco et al. (2018),…; Butler (2017),…; Lipscomb (2021),…; Sanchiz et al. (2017),…

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE REFERENCES

1- Writing Bibliographies for Articles Published in Newspapers
Aksoy, E. (2022, February 7). İstanbul’da toplu taşıma kullanımında rekor artış. Sabah, 5.
Roberts, S. (2018, November 20). Advances in gene editing raise ethical questions. The New York Times, A3.
Yılmaz, H. (2021, May 14). Türkiye’de yenilenebilir enerji yatırımları hızla artıyor. Hürriyet. https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/turkiyede-yenilenebilir-enerji-yatirimlari-41812345
• Parenthetical citations: (Aksoy, 2022; Roberts, 2018; Yılmaz, 2021)
• Narrative citations: Aksoy (2022),…, Roberts (2018),…, Yılmaz (2021),…
• Narrative citations: in 2022, Aksoy,…; in 2018, Roberts,…; in 2021, Yılmaz,…

2- Citing Comments on Articles Published in Online Newspapers
elifk. (2021, June 12). Belki de şehirlerdeki trafik sorununun çözümü toplu taşımayı daha cazip hale getirmekten geçiyordur [Comment on the article “How cities can fight traffic congestion”]. The Guardian. https://bit.ly/3xyCity
• Parenthetical citation: elifk (2021).
• Narrative citation: elifk (2021),…

BOOK REFERENCES

1- Book and Edited Book
Jacks, L. M. (2009). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1073/0000175-000
Kesharwani, P. (Ed.). (2020). Nanotechnology based approaches for tuberculosis treatment. Academic Press.
Sapoky, R. M. (2007). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Books.
Sven, S., & Leber, L. (Eds.). (2000). The big picture/Academic writing: The one-hour guide (3rd digital ed.). Hans Reitzel Forlag. https://thebigpicture-acadewriting.digi.hansreitzel.dk/
• Parenthetical citations: (Jacks, 2009; Kesharwani, 2020; Sapoky, 2007; Sven & Leber, 2000).
• Narrative citations: Jacks (2009),…; Kesharwani (2020); Sapoky (2007),…; Sven and Leber (2000),…
• Narrative citations: in 2009, Jacks,…; in 2020, Kesharwani,…; in 2007, Sapoky,…; in 2000, Sven and Leber,…

2- Book Chapter
Aron, L., Yıldız, A., & Demir, S. (2021). Digital literacy and its role in higher education. In T. Kaya & B. Öztürk (Eds.), Innovations in educational technology: Global perspectives (pp. 201–219). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67890-1_12
Kara, M. (2022). Leadership and motivation in organizational settings. In R. Çelik & H. Aksoy (Eds.), Contemporary approaches to management research (2nd ed., pp. 75–93). Routledge.
Thestrup, K. (2010). To transform, to communicate, to play—The experimenting community in action. In E. Hygum & P. M. Pedersen (Eds.), Early childhood education: Values and practices in Denmark. Hans Reitzels Forlag. https://earlychildhoodeducation.digi.hansreitzel.dk/?id=192
• Parenthetical citation: (Aron et al., 2021; Kara, 2022; Thestrup, 2010).
• Narrative citation: Aron et al. (2021),…; Kara (2022),…; Thestrup (2010),…
• Narrative citation: in 2021, Aron et al.,…; in 2022, Kara,…; in 2010, Thestrup,…

3- Multi-volume sources
Hars, B. Y., Graham, S., & Urdan T. (Eds.). (2019). APA educational psychology handbook (Vols. 1–3). American Psychological Association.
• Parenthetical citation: (Hars et al., 2019).
• Narrative citation: Hars et al. (2019),…
• Narrative citation: in 2019, Hars et al.,…

4- Conference Presentation
Evans, A. C., Jr., Garbarino, J., Bocanegra, E., Kinscherff, R. T., & Márquez-Greene, N. (2019, August 8–11). Gun violence: An event on the power of community [Conference presentation]. APA 2019 Convention, Chicago, IL, United States. https://convention.apa.org/2019-video
• Parenthetical citation: (Evans et al., 2019).
• Narrative citation: Evans et al. (2019),…

5- Abstract of a conference presentation
Cacioppo, S. (2019, April 25–28). Evolutionary theory of social connections: Past, present, and future [Conference presentation abstract]. Ninety-ninth annual convention of the Western Psychological Association, Pasadena, CA, United States. https://westernpsych.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/WPA-Program-2019-Final-2.pdf
• Parenthetical citation: (Cacioppo, 2019).
• Narrative citation: Cacioppo (2019),…
• Narrative citation: in 2019, Cacioppo,…

6- Conference Proceedings Published in a Journal
Duckworth, A. L., Demir, H., Gallop, R., Yıldız, A., Kelly, D. R., & Matthews, M. D. (2009). Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 116(47), 2348874504. https://doi.org/10.1082/pnas.1565698116
• Parenthetical citation: (Duckworth et al., 2009).
• Narrative citation: Duckworth et al. (2009),…
• Narrative citation: in 2009, Duckworth et al.,…

7- Conference Proceedings Published as a Whole Book
Kushilevitz, E., & Malkin, T. (Eds.). (2016). Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 9562. Theory of cryptography. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49096-9
• Parenthetical citation: (Kushilevitz & Malkin, 2016).
• Narrative citation: Kushilevitz and Malkin (2016),…

8- Conference Proceedings Published as a Book Chapter
Bedenel, A.-L., Jourdan, L., & Biernacki, C. (2019). Probability estimation by an adapted genetic algorithm in web insurance. In R. Battiti, M. Brunato, I. Kotsireas, & P. Pardalos (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 11353. Learning and intelligent optimization (pp. 225–240). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05348-2_21
• Parenthetical citation: (Bedenel et al., 2019).
• Narrative citation: Bedenel et al. (2019),…
• Narrative citation: in 2019, Bedenel et al.,…

DISSERTATION OR THESIS REFERENCES

1- Published Dissertation or Thesis References
Kabir, J. M. (2016). Factors influencing customer satisfaction at a fast food hamburger chain: The relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty (Publication No. 10169573) [Doctoral dissertation, Wilmington University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Miranda, C. (2019). Exploring the lived experiences of foster youth who obtained graduate level degrees: Self-efficacy, resilience, and the impact on identity development (Publication No. 27542827) [Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University]. PQDT Open. https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/2309521814.html?FMT=AI
Zambrano-Vazquez, L. (2016). The interaction of state and trait worry on response monitoring in those with worry and obsessive-compulsive symptoms [Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona]. UA Campus Repository. https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/620615
• Parenthetical citations: (Kabir, 2016; Miranda, 2019; Zambrano-Vazquez, 2016).
• Narrative citations: Kabir (2016),… Miranda (2019),… Zambrano-Vazquez (2019),…
• Narrative citations: in 2016, Kabir,…; in 2019, Miranda,…; in 2019, Zambrano-Vazquez,…

2- Unpublished Dissertation or Thesis References
Harris, L. (2014). Instructional leadership perceptions and practices of elementary school leaders [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Virginia.
• Parenthetical citation: (Harris, 2014)
• Narrative citation: Harris (2014),…
• Narrative citation: in 2014, Harris,…
When a dissertation or thesis is unpublished, include the description “[Unpublished doctoral dissertation]” or “[Unpublished master’s thesis]” in square brackets after the dissertation or thesis title.
- In the source element of the reference, provide the name of the institution that awarded the degree.
- The same format can be adapted for other unpublished theses, including undergraduate theses, by changing the wording of the bracketed description as appropriate.
- If you find the dissertation or thesis in a database or in a repository or archive, follow the “published dissertation or thesis reference” examples.

ISO STANDARD REFERENCES

International Organization for Standardization. (2018). Occupational health and safety management systems—Requirements with guidance for use (ISO Standard No. 45001:2018). https://www.iso.org/standard/63787.html
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (1970). Occupational safety and health standards: Occupational health and environmental control: Occupational noise exposure (OSHA Standard No. 1910.95). United States Department of Labor. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.95
• Parenthetical citations: (International Organization for Standardization, 2018; Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 1970).
• Narrative citations: International Organization for Standardization (2018),…; Occupational Safety and Health Administration (1970),…
- For most standards, the author will be the organization setting the standard.
- Provide the standard number in parentheses after the title without italics.

A REFERENCE TO A REPORT BY A GOVERNMENT AGENCY REFERENCES

National Cancer Institute. (2019). Taking time: Support for people with cancer (NIH Publication No. 18-2059). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/takingtime.pdf
• Parenthetical citation: (National Cancer Institute, 2019)
• Narrative citation: National Cancer Institute (2019),…
• Narrative citation: in 2019, National Cancer Institute,…

WEBPAGE ON A WEBSITE REFERENCES

1- Webpage on a website with an individual author
Mantel, B. (2025, April 24). How to be a caregiver for someone with multiple sclerosis. AARP. https://www.aarp.org/caregiving/health/info-2025/multiple-sclerosis-care-plan/
Schaeffer, K. (2021, October 1). What we know about online learning and the homework gap amid the pandemic. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/10/01/what-we-know-about-online-learning-and-the-homework-gap-amid-the-pandemic/
• Parenthetical citations: (Mantel, 2025; Schaeffer, 2021).
• Narrative citations: Mantel (2025),…; Schaeffer (2021),…
- When individual author(s) are credited on the webpage, list them as the author in the reference.
- Provide as specific a date as possible for the webpage.
- Some online works note when the work was last updated. If this date is clearly attributable to the specific content you are citing rather than the overall website, use the updated date in the reference.
- Do not include a date of last review in a reference because content that has been reviewed has not necessarily been changed. If a date of last review is noted on a work, ignore it for the purposes of the reference.
- Italicize the title of the webpage.
- Provide the site name in the source element of the reference.
- End the reference with the URL.

2- Webpage on a website with a retrieval date
U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). U.S. and world population clock. U.S. Department of Commerce. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from https://www.census.gov/popclock/
• Parenthetical citation: (U.S. Census Bureau, n.d.)
• Narrative citation: U.S. Census Bureau (n.d.),…
- When contents of a page are designed to change over time but are not archived, include a retrieval date in the reference. (n.d.: no date)

3- Webpage on a website with an organizational group author
World Health Organization. (2018, May 24). The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death
• Parenthetical citation: (World Health Organization, 2018)
• Narrative citation: World Health Organization (2018)
- For a page from an organization’s website without individual authors, use the name of the organization as the author.
- Provide as specific a date as possible for the webpage.
- Some online works note when the work was last updated. If this date is clearly attributable to the specific content you are citing rather than the overall website, use the updated date in the reference.
- Do not include a date of last review in a reference because content that has been reviewed has not necessarily been changed. If a date of last review is noted on a work, ignore it for the purposes of the reference.
- Italicize the title of the webpage.
- Because the author of the webpage and the site name are the same, omit the site name from the source element to avoid repetition.
- End the reference with the URL.

CITING TRANSLATED WORKS

1- Journal article, republished in translation
Piaget, J. (1972). Intellectual evolution from adolescence to adulthood (J. Bliss & H. Furth, Trans.). Human Development, 15(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1159/000271225 (Original work published 1970).
• Parenthetical citation: (Piaget, 1970/1972)
• Narrative citation: Piaget (1970/1972)

2- Chapter in an edited book, republished in translation
Heidegger, M. (2008). On the essence of truth (J. Sallis, Trans.). In D. F. Krell (Ed.), Basic writings (pp. 111–138). Harper Perennial Modern Thought. (Original work published 1961)
• Parenthetical citation: (Heidegger, 1961/2008).
• Narrative citation: Heidegger (1961/2008).

3- Book, republished in translation
Coelho, P. (1993). The alchemist (A. R. Clarke, Trans.). HarperOne. (Original work published 1988).
• Parenthetical citation: (Coelho, 1988/1993).
• Narrative citation: Coelho (1988/1993).

4- Citing a work with the same translator and editor
Freud, S. (2010). Civilization and its discontents (J. Strachey, Ed. & Trans.). W. W. Norton & Company. (Original work published 1930).
• Parenthetical citation: (Freud, 1930/2010).
• Narrative citation: Freud (1930/2010).

DOI AND URL SHORTENERS

When a DOI or URL is long or complex, you may use shortDOIs or shortened URLs if desired.
Use the shortDOI service provided by the International DOI Foundation to create shortDOIs. A work can have only one DOI and only one shortDOI; the shortDOI service will either produce a new shortDOI for a work that has never had one or retrieve an existing shortDOI.
Some websites provide their own branded shortened URLs, and independent URL shortening services are available as well. Any shortened URL is acceptable in a reference as long as you check the link to ensure that it takes you to the correct location (https://tinyurl.com/; https://t.ly/).
Also See for Style and Grammar Guidlines: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines

• The Copyright Notice Form must be uploaded to the system along with the article. This form must be signed by all authors. Click here to access the Copyright Notice Form.
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