An Examination of Quorum Sensing from the Perspective of Food Microbiology

Year 2024, , 51 - 56, 17.12.2024

Zühal Çalışkan , Ahmet Hulusi Dinçoğlu

https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1491341

Abstract

Quorum sensing (QS), is a signaling mechanism in bacteria where various cellular functions such as sporulation, biofilm formation, bacteriocin production, and virulence responses occur. When a specific cell density is reached, bacteria communicate from cell to cell by producing extracellular chemical signals. When the concentration of the signal (and the cell population) becomes sufficiently high, target genes are either activated or suppressed. This system enhances bacteria's ability to access nutrients or more favorable environmental niches, strengthens bacterial defense against competing cells and stress. The physiological and clinical aspects of QS have garnered significant interest and have been extensively studied at the molecular level. However, little is known about the role of QS in food spoilage and the development of foodborne pathogens in the matrix. When the communication mechanism between microorganisms is fully understood, it is believed that developing new antimicrobial agents can help control the growth of pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in the food industry, ensuring food safety, and preventing economic losses. Consequently, there is a need for research to understand QS, develop strategies to disrupt QS, and manipulate it.

Keywords

Autoinducer, food microbiology, quorum sensing, quorum quenching

Quorum Sensing’e Gıda Mikrobiyolojisi Perspektifinden Bakış

Abstract

Tek hücreli canlılarda çekirdek algılama olarak da adlandırılan quorum sensing (QS), bakterilerin sporulasyon, biyofilm oluşumu, bakteriyosin üretimi, virulans tepkileri gibi birçok hücresel işlevini gerçekleştiği bir sinyal mekanizmasıdır. Belirli hücre yoğunluğuna ulaşıldığında, bakteriler tarafından hücre dışı kimyasal sinyaller üretilerek hücreden hücreye iletişim gerçekleşir. Sinyalin (ve hücre popülasyonunun) konsantrasyonu yeterince yüksek olduğunda, hedef gen veya genler ya aktive olur ya da bastırılır. Bu sistem, bakterilerin besinlere veya daha uygun çevresel nişlere erişme yeteneğini arttırır, rakip hücrelere ve strese karşı bakteriyel savunmayı kuvvetlendirir. QS’in fizyolojik ve klinik yönleri çok ilgi görmüş ve moleküler düzeyde araştırılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, gıda bozulması ve gıda patojenlerinin matristeki gelişimi üzerine QS rolü hakkında çok az şey bilinmektedir. Mikroorganizmalar arası bu iletişim sistemi mekanizması detaylı olarak anlaşıldığında gıda endüstrisinde sorun haline gelen patojen ve bozulma mikroorganizmalarının gelişiminin kontrol altına alınması için yeni antimikrobiyal maddeler geliştirilerek hem gıda güvenliğinin sağlanabileceği hem de ekonomik kayıpların da önüne geçilebileceği düşünülmektedir. Sonuç olarak, QS'i anlamak, QS'i bozmak ve manipüle etmeye yönelik stratejilerin geliştirilmesi yönünde çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

Gıda mikrobiyolojisi, otoindikatör, quorum sensing, quorum quenching

References

• Nealson K, Platt H, Hastings JW (1970). Cellular Control of the Synthesis and Activity of the Bacterial Luminescent System. J Bacteriol., 104:313– 22.
• Fuqua WC, Winans SC, Greenberg EP (1994). Quorum Sensing in Bacteria: the Luxr-Luxı Family of Cell Density-Responsive Transcriptional Regulators. J Bacteriol. 176:269-275.
• Christensen AB, Riedel K, Eberl L, ve ark. (2003). Quorum-Sensing-Directed Protein Expression in Serratia Proteamaculans B5a. Microbiology. 149:471-483.
• Cloak OM, Solow BT, Briggs CE, Chen CY, Fratamico PM. (2002). Quorum Sensing and Production of Autoinducer-2 in Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli O157: H7, and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in Foods. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:4666-4671.
• Gram L, Christensen AB, Ravn L, Molin S, Givskov M (1999). Production of Acylated Homoserine Lactones by Psychrotrophic Members of the Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Foods. Appl Environ Microbiol. 65:3458– 63.
• Song XN, Cheng YY, Li WW ve ark. (2014). Quorum Quenching is Responsible for the Underestimated Quorum Sensing Effects in Biological Wastewater Treatment Reactors. Bioresour Technol. 171:472-476.
• Ulrich RL (2004). Quorum Quenching: Enzymatic Disruption of N-acylhomoserine Lactone-Mediated Bacterial Communication in Burkholderia thailandensis. AEMS. 70:6173-6180.
• Czajkowski R, Jafra S (2009). Quenching of Acyl-homoserine Lactone-dependent Quorum Sensing by Enzymatic Disruption of Signal Molecules. Acta Biochim Pol. 56:1-16.
• Smith JL, Fratamico PM, Novak JS (2004). Quorum Sensing: a Primer for Food Microbiologists. J Food Protect. 67:1053-70.
• Loureiro V (2000). Spoilage Yeasts in Foods and Beverages: Characterisation and Ecology for Improved Diagnosis and Control. Food Res Int. 33:247– 56.
• Ragaert P, Devlieghere F, Debevere J (2007). Role of Microbiological and Physiological Spoilage Mechanisms During Storage of Minimally Processed Vegetables. Postharvest Biol Technol. 44:185– 94.
• Rutherford ST, Bassler BL (2012). Bacterial Quorum Sensing: Its Role in Virulence And Possibilities for Its Control. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2(11):a012427.
• Podbielski A, Kreikemeyer B (2004). Cell Density-Dependent Regulation: Basic Principles and Effects on the Virulence of Gram-Positive Cocci. Int J Infect Dis. 8:81- 95.
• Dong YH, Zhang XF, Soo LHM, Greenberg EP, Zhang LH (2005). The Two-Component Response Regulator Pprb Modulates Quorum-Sensing Signal Production and Global Gene Expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Microbiol. 56:1287-1301.
• Waters CM, Bassler BL (2005). Quorum Sensing: Cell-to-Cell Communication in Bacteria. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 21:319– 46.
• More MI, Finger LD, Stryker JL, ve ark. (1996). Enzymatic Synthesis of a Quorum-Sensing Autoinducer Through Use of Defined Substrates. Science, 272:1655-1658.
• Schuster M, Urbanowski ML, Greenberg EP (2004). Promoter Specificity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing Revealed by DNA Binding of Purified LasR. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 101:15833-15839.
• Huang JJ, Han JI, Zhang LH, Leadbetter JR (2003). Utilization of Acyl-homoserine Lactone Quorum Signals for Growth by a Soil Pseudomonad and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Appl Environ Microbiol. 69:5941:5949.
• Zhang HB, Wang C, Zhang LH (2004). The Quormone Degradation System of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is Regulated by Starvation Signal and Stress Alarmone (p)ppGpp. Mol. Microbiol., 52(5):1389-1401.
• Givskov M, de Nys R, Manefield M, ve ark. (1996). Eukaryotic Interference with Homo-serine Lactone Mediated Prokaryotic Signaling. J Bacteriol. 178:6618-6622.
• Manefield M, Rasmussen TB, Hentzer M, ve ark. (2002). Halogenated Furanones Inhibit Quorum Sensing Through Accelerated Luxr Turnover. Microbiology. 148:1119-1127.
• Jamuna Bai A, Rai VR, Pradeepa VS (2011). Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Three Medicinal Plants of South India. Malays J Microbiol. 7(1):14-18.
• Annous BA, Fratamico PM, Smith JL (2009). Quorum Sensing in Biofilms: Why Bacteria Behave the Way They Do. J Food Sci. 74:24-37.
• Srey S, Jahid IK, Ha SD (2013). Biofilm Formation in Food Industries: a Food Safety Concern. Food Control. 31:572-585.
• Uludağ Altun H, Şener B (2008). Biyofilm İnfeksiyonları ve Antibiyotik Direnci. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi. 39:82-88.
• Bai AJ, Rai VR (2011). Bacterial Quorum Sensing and Food Industry. Compr Rev Food Sci. 10:183-193.
• Blana V, Stamatiou A, Michaelidis C, Stergiou V, Nychas EGJ (2007). Qualitative evaluation of QS compounds produced in pork and beef samples at different storage conditions; possible effect on kinetic characteristics on spoilage bacteria. Athens , Greece : Second Panhellenic Congress: Biotechnology and Food Technology.
• Josephsen J, Jespersen L (2005). Fermented food and starter cultures. In Handbook of Food Science, Technology and Engineering, vol. 4. Edited by Hui YH. USA: CRS Taylor and Francis, pp.1-20.
• Smid EJ, Lacroix C (2013). Microbe–Microbe Interactions in Mixed Culture Food Fermentations. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 24:148-154.
• Ryssel M, Johansen P, Al-Soud WA, Sørensen S, Arneborg N, Jespersen L (2015). Microbial Diversity and Dynamics Throughout Manufacturing and Ripening of Surface Ripened Semi-Hard Danish Danbo Cheeses Investigated by Culture-Independent Techniques. Int J Food Microbiol. 215:124-130.
• Moslehi-Jenabian S, Vogensen FK, Jespersen L (2011). The Quorum Sensing LuxS Gene is Induced in Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM in Response to Listeria monocytogenes. Int J Food Microbiol. 149:269-273.
• PubMed (2024) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Quorum+Quenching++ Erişim tarihi: 03.09.2024
• Stepaniak L. (2004). Dairy Enzymology. Int J Dairy Technol. 57:153– 71.
• Jay JM, Vilai JP, Hughes ME (2003). Profile and Activity of The Bacterial Biota of Ground Beef Held from Freshness to Spoilage at 5–7 °C. Int J Food Microbiol. 81:105–11.
• Dinçoğlu AH, Çalışkan Z (2023). Lavanta ve Özlerinin Gıdalarda Kullanımı TEMEL H. (Editor). Sağlık Bilimleri Açısından LAVANTA (227-234) Antalya: Nobel Tıp
• Hossain MI, Mizan MFR, Roy PK, Nahar S ve ark. (2021). Listeria monocytogenes Biofilm Inhibition On Food Contact Surfaces by Application of Postbiotics from Lactobacillus curvatus B. 67 and Lactobacillus plantarum M. 2. Food Research International, 148, 110595.
• Díaz MA, Vega-Hissi EG, Blázquez MA, Alberto MR, Arena ME (2024). Restraining Staphylococcus aureus Virulence Factors and Quorum Sensing through Lactic Acid Bacteria Supernatant Extracts. Antibiotics, 13(4), 297.
• Rios JL, Recio MC (2005). Medicinal Plants and Antimicrobial Activity. J Ethnopharmacol. 100:80-84.
• Shi C, Liu X, Chen Y ve ark. (2024). Inhibitory Effects of Citral on the Production of Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus aureus and Its Potential Application in Meat Preservation. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 413, 110581.
• Zang Y (2024). Application of Rosette Quorum Sensing Inhibitor in Fish Preservation. Frontiers in Science and Engineering. Volume 4 Issue 1, 2024
• Machado I, Silva LR, Giaouris ED, Melo LF, Simões M (2020). Quorum Sensing in Food Spoilage and Natural-based Strategies for its Inhibition. Food Res Int. 127:108754.