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Antimikrobiyel Direnç: Küresel Bir Sorun

Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 53 - 58, 30.06.2022

Murat Gülmez

https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1059497
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Dünya’da her yıl 700.000 kişinin kaybına neden olan bu sorun devam ederse 2050’den itibaren her yıl 10 milyon kişinin hayatını kaybedeceği, 2030 yıllarında küresel gelirlerde %2-3 oranında azalacağı ve 100-600 trilyon dolarlık bir küresel ekonomik kayba yol açacağı tahmin edilmektedir. OECD ülkeleri arasında en fazla Türkiye’de antibiyotik direnci geliştiği ve antibiyotiklerin %35’ine direnç geliştiği bildirilmiştir. Oysa bu oran bazı Avrupa ülkelerinde %5’e kadar düşürülmüştür. G20 zirvelerini ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütünü sürekli meşgul eden bu konu hakkında farkındalığı artırmak, kullanımı sınırlamak ve yeni tedavi ve koruma şekilleri bulmak şeklinde küresel politikalar geliştirilmektedir. Hem tıp ve hem de Veteriner Hekimliği alanında uygulanan Reçete Bilgi Sistemi (RBS) etkili bir uygulamadır. Dünya Antibiyotik Farkındalık Haftası (13-19 Kasım)’nda tüm dünyada ülkelerinin acil durum eylemleri anlatılmaktadır. Türkiye, kişi başı en fazla antibiyotik tüketen ülkedir. Direnç sorununun kaynağında bitki ve hayvan sağlığını koruyucu ve/veya verim artırıcı olarak kullanılan antimikrobiyel maddeler yer almaktadır. Tarım ve hayvancılıkta antimikrobiyel kullanımı mutlaka denetim altına alınması gerekir. Tarımda periyodik koruyucu ilaçlama ve hayvancılıkta ilaçlı yem veya içme suyu ilaçlı koruma yapılmamalıdır. İlaçlı yem ticareti yasaklanmalıdır. Reçetesiz tarım ve veteriner ilacı kullanımı engellenmelidir. Gıdalar dahi ilaç kalıntısı ve direnç genleri bakımından denetlenmelidir. Tedavi amaçlı antibiyotik kullanımında doz ve kullanım süresi takibi yapılmalıdır.

Keywords

Antimikrobiyel direnç sağlık gıda çevre bitki

References

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Year 2022, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 53 - 58, 30.06.2022

Murat Gülmez

https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1059497
Cited By: 1

Abstract

References

  • Essack SY. (2021). Antimicrobial Resistance and the Environment: Implications for SDGs. Erişim: https://www.who.int/antimicrobial-resistance/interagency-coordination-group/AMR_in_the_environment_implications_for_SDGs_SYEssack_UKZN.pdf Erişim tarihi: 16.11.2021.
  • Kadykalo S, Roberts T, Thompson M, Wilson J, Lang, M, Espeisse, O. (2018). The Value of Anticoccidials for Sustainable Global Poultry Production. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 51(3):304-310. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.09.004.
  • Pan M, Chu LM. (2017). Transfer of Antibiotics from Wastewater Or Animal Manure to Soil and Edible Crops. Environ Pollut. 231(1):829-836. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.051.
  • FAO (2017). Antimicrobial Resistance in food and agriculture. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7138e.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 12.01.2021.
  • Roca I, Akova M, Baquero F, Carlet, J, et al. (2015). The Global Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance: Science for Intervention. New Microbes and New Infect. 6: 22-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2015.02.007
  • Roberts, SC, Zembower, TR. (2020). Global Increases in Antibiotic Consumption: A Concerning Trend for WHO Targets. Erişim: https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1473-3099(20)30456-4. Erişim tarihi: 10.11.2021.
  • Morgan DJ, Okeke IN, Laxminarayan R, Perencevich EN, Weisenberg S. (2011). Non-prescription Antimicrobial Use Worldwide: A Systematic Review. Lancet Infect Dis. 11: 692-701.
  • Tiseo K, Huber L, Gilbert M et al. (2020). Global Trends in Antimicrobial Use in Food Animals from 2017 to 2030. Antibiotics. 9:918. doi:10.3390/antibiotics9120918.
  • Wellington EMH, Boxall AB, Cross, P et al. (2013). The Role of the Natural Environment in the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Lancet Infect Dis. 13:155-165. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(12)70317-1.
  • Pruden A, Larsson DG, Amezquita A, et al. (2013). Management Options for Reducing the Release of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes to the Environment. Environ. Health. Perspect. 121: 878-885. doi:10.1289/ehp.1206446.
  • OIE. (2021). WHO, FAO, and OIE Unite in the Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance. https://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/eng/Media_Center/docs/pdf/FAO_OIE_WHO_AMRfactsheet.pdf Erişim Tarihi 12/01/2021.
  • WHO. (2021). Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS). https://www.who.int/initiatives/glass. Erişim Tarihi 24.11.2021.
  • ECDC. (2021). European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/about-us/partnerships-and-networks/disease-and-laboratory-networks/ears-net. Erişim Tarihi 12/01/2021.
  • WHO (2021). Antimicrobial Resistance Document Centre. Essential Medicines and Health Products. https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/rational_use/AMR_Document_Center/en/ Erişim Tarihi 12/01/2021.
  • WHO (2021). WHO Report on Surveillance of Antibiotic Consumption: 2016-2018 Early Implementation ISBN 978-92-4-151488-0. https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/rational_use/who-amr-amc-report-20181109.pdf Erişim Tarihi 12/01/2021.
  • İşler B, Keske S, Aksoy M, Azap OK, Yılmaz M, Yavuz SS¸ Aygün, Tigen E, Akalın H, Azap A, Ergönül O. (2019). Antibiotic Overconsumption and Resistance in Turkey. Clinical Microbiol and Infect. 25(6): 651-653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2019.02.024.
  • EMA (European Medicines Agency) (2016). Defined Daily Doses for Animals (Dddvet) and Defined Course Doses for Animals (DCDvet). EMA/224954/2016 Report. Erişim: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/other/defined-daily-doses-animals-dddvet-defined-course-doses-animals-dcdvet-european-surveillance_en.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 17.11.2021.
  • Finley RL, Collignon P, Larsson DG, McEwen SA, Li XZ, Gaze WH et al. (2013).The Scourge of Antibiotic Resistance: the Important Role of the Environment. Clin Infect Dis. 57:704-710. doi:10.1093/cid/cit355.
  • Treiber FM, Beranek-Knauer H. (2021). Antimicrobial Residues in Food from Animal Origin—A Review of the Literature Focusing on Products Collected in Stores and Markets Worldwide. Antibiotics. 10:534. https:// doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050534.
  • Küçükbüğrü N, Acaröz U. (2020). Gıdalarda Antibiyotik Kalıntıları ve Halk Sağlığına Etkileri. Vet Farm Toks Dern Bult. 11 (3): 161-167. DOI: 10.38137/vetfarmatoksbulten.822713. Erişim: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/vetfarmatoksbulten/issue/58592/822713, Erişim tarihi: 24.11.2021.
  • Williams-Nguyen J, Sallach JB, Bartelt-Hunt S, Boxall AB, Durso LM, McLain JE, Singer RS, Snow DD, Zilles JL. (2016). Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance in Agroecosystems: State of the Science. J Environ Qual. 45(2):394-406. DOI:10.2134/jeq2015.07.0336.
  • Manyi-Loh C, Mamphweli S, Meyer E, Okoh A. (2018).. Antibiotic Use in Agriculture and Its Consequential Resistance in Environmental Sources: Potential Public Health Implications. Molecules. 23(4): 795. doi: 10.3390/molecules23040795.
  • EFSA and ECDPC (European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control). (2017). The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2016. EFSA J. 15:5077.
  • Velasquez CG, Macklin KS, Kumar S, Bailey M, Ebner P, Oliver HF. (2018). Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella Isolated from Poultry Farms in Southeastern United States. Poult Sci. 97:2144–2152. DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex449.
  • Phillips I, Casewell M, Cox T, De Groot B, Friis C, Jones R, Nightingale C, Preston R, Waddell J. (2004). Does the Use of Antibiotics in Food Animals Pose A Risk to Human Health? A Critical Review of Published Data. J Antimicrob Chemother. 53(1):28-52. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkg483.
  • Yaman İ, Taşçı F. (2019). Hayvansal Gıdalarda Antibiyotik Kalıntısı ve Halk Sağlığı Açısından Önemi. Kongre kitapçığı: s2-28. VIII. Ulusal II. Uluslararası Veteriner Gıda Hijyeni Kongresi 24/27 Ekim 2019 Antalya. Erişim: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340033665. Erişim tarihi: 17.11.2021.
  • European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA). (2021). Third joint inter-agency report on integrated analysis of consumption of antimicrobial agents and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from humans and foodproducing animals in the EU/EEA JIACRA III 2016-2018. EFSA Journal. 19(6):6712. Erişim: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/6712. Erişim tarihi:21.11.2021.
  • Zhao Y, Yang QE, Zhou X, Wang FH, Muurinen J, Virta MP, Brandt KK, Zhu YG. (2021). Antibiotic resistome in the livestock and aquaculture industries: Status and solutions, Critical Reviews in Environ Sci Technol. 51:19, 2159-2196, DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2020.1777815.
  • Miranda CD, Godoy FA, Lee MR. (2018). Current status of the use of antibiotics and the antimicrobial resistance in the Chilean Salmon Farms. Frontiers in Microbiol. 18(9):1284. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01284.
  • Iwu CD, Korsten L, Okoh AI. (2020). The incidence of antibiotic resistance within and beyond the agricultural ecosystem: A concern for public health. Microbiology Open. 9:e1035. Doi: 10.1002/mbo3.1035. Erişim: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mbo3.1035. Erişim tarihi: 17.11.2021.
  • Joakim Larsson DG, Flach CF. (2021). Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment. Nature Reviews/Microbiology. Erişim. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-021-00649-x. Erişim tarihi: 21.11.2021.
  • Pan M, Chu LM. (2017). Transfer of Antibiotics from Wastewater or Animal Manure to Soil And Edible Crops. Environ Pollut. 231(1):829-836. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.051.
  • Haynes E, Ramwell C, Griffiths T, Walker D, Smith J. (2019). Review of Antibiotic Use in Crops, Associated Risk of Antimicrobial Resistance and Research Gaps. Erişim: https://www.food.gov.uk/sites/default/files/media/document/review-of-antibiotic-use-in-crops-associated-risk-of-antimicrobial-resistance-and-research-gaps-final.pdf. Erişim tarihi:17.11.2021.
  • Thanner S, Drissner D, Walsh F. (2016). Antimicrobial resistance in Agriculture. mBio 7(2):e02227-15. doi:10.1128/mBio.02227-15.
  • Zalewska M, Błazejewska A, Czapko A. Popowska M. (2021). Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Animal Manure – Consequences of its Application in Agriculture. Front. Microbiol. 12:610656. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.610656.
  • Ding G-C, Radl V, Schloter-Hai B, Jechalke S, Heuer H, et al. (2014). Dynamics of Soil Bacterial Communities in Response to Repeated Application of Manure Containing Sulfadiazine. PLoS ONE 9(3): e92958. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092958.
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There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Review
Authors

Murat Gülmez 0000-0003-3888-6815

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Acceptance Date May 16, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gülmez, M. (2022). Antimikrobiyel Direnç: Küresel Bir Sorun. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1059497
AMA Gülmez M. Antimikrobiyel Direnç: Küresel Bir Sorun. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. June 2022;15(1):53-58. doi:10.47027/duvetfd.1059497
Chicago Gülmez, Murat. “Antimikrobiyel Direnç: Küresel Bir Sorun”. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 15, no. 1 (June 2022): 53-58. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1059497.
EndNote Gülmez M (June 1, 2022) Antimikrobiyel Direnç: Küresel Bir Sorun. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 15 1 53–58.
IEEE M. Gülmez, “Antimikrobiyel Direnç: Küresel Bir Sorun”, Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 53–58, 2022, doi: 10.47027/duvetfd.1059497.
ISNAD Gülmez, Murat. “Antimikrobiyel Direnç: Küresel Bir Sorun”. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 15/1 (June 2022), 53-58. https://doi.org/10.47027/duvetfd.1059497.
JAMA Gülmez M. Antimikrobiyel Direnç: Küresel Bir Sorun. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2022;15:53–58.
MLA Gülmez, Murat. “Antimikrobiyel Direnç: Küresel Bir Sorun”. Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 1, 2022, pp. 53-58, doi:10.47027/duvetfd.1059497.
Vancouver Gülmez M. Antimikrobiyel Direnç: Küresel Bir Sorun. Dicle Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2022;15(1):53-8.

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