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G-20 ÜLKELERİNDE CO2 EMİSYONU, EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, KENTLEŞME VE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ İLİŞKİSİ

Year 2024, , 276 - 287, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.58816/duzceod.1447805

Abstract

Sera gazı emisyonlarının küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği gibi insan sağlığı ve çevre açısından ciddi tehdit oluşturan olaylara sebebiyet vermesi ülkeleri, sera gazı emisyonlarının büyük bir bölümünü oluşturan CO2 emisyonlarının azaltmak için önlemler almaya yönlendirmiştir. Mevcut çalışmada; kişi başı CO2 emisyonu, kişi başı gayri safi yurtiçi hâsıla, kentleşme ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi arasındaki ilişkinin G-20 ülkeleri için 2020 verileri kullanılarak Robust Regresyon Analizi ile belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Analizde CO2 emisyonu bağımlı değişken; kişi başına gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla, kentsel nüfus oranı ve yenilenebilir enerji tüketimini ise bağımsız değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Robust regresyon analizi sonucuna göre Kanada ve Brezilya’nın aykırı gözlem olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kişi başına gayri safi yurtiçi hasıla ile CO2 emisyonları arasındaki ilişki pozitif iken; yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ve kentsel nüfus oranının ile CO2 emisyonları arasındaki ilişki negatif yönlü olarak tespit edilmiştir. Tüm bu bağımsız değişkenler %5 anlamlılık düzeyinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur

References

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  • Chen, C. (2002). Paper 265-27 Robust regression and outlier detection with the ROBUSTREG procedure. In Proceedings of the Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual SAS Users Group International Conference.
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  • Gad, A. M. & Qura, M. E. (2016). Regression Estimation in the presence of outliers: A comparative study. International Journal of Probability and Statistics, 5(3), 65-72
  • Gierałtowska, U., Asyngier, R., Nakonieczny, J., & Salahodjaev, R. (2022). Renewable energy, urbanization, and CO2 emissions: a global test. Energies, 15(9), 3390.
  • Kasman, A., & Duman, Y. S. (2015). CO2 emissions, economic growth, energy consumption, trade and urbanization in new EU member and candidate countries: a panel data analysis. Economic modelling, 44, 97-103.
  • Koengkan, M., Fuinhas, J. A., & Santiago, R. (2020). The relationship between CO2 emissions, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and urbanisation in the Southern Common Market. Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy, 9(4), 383-401.
  • Li, B., & Haneklaus, N. (2021). The role of renewable energy, fossil fuel consumption, urbanization and economic growth on CO2 emissions in China. Energy Reports, 7, 783-791.
  • Lopuhaa, H. P., & Rousseeuw, P. J. (1991). Breakdown points of affine equivariant estimators of multivariate location and covariance matrices. The Annals of Statistics, 19(1), 229-248.
  • Mahmood, H., Alkhateeb, T. T. Y., & Furqan, M. (2020). Industrialization, urbanization and CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia: Asymmetry analysis. Energy Reports, 6, 1553-1560.
  • Muhammad, S., Long, X., Salman, M., & Dauda, L. (2020). Effect of urbanization and international trade on CO2 emissions across 65 belt and road initiative countries. Energy, 196, 117102.
  • Pata, U. K. (2018). Renewable energy consumption, urbanization, financial development, income and CO2 emissions in Turkey: testing EKC hypothesis with structural breaks. Journal of cleaner production, 187, 770-779.
  • Prahutama, A., & Rusgiyono, A. (2021, July). Robust regression with MM-estimator for modelling the number maternal mortality of pregnancy in Central Java, Indonesia. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1943, No. 1, p. 012148). IOP Publishing.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2014). The effect of urbanization on CO2 emissions in emerging economies. Energy economics, 41, 147-153.
  • Shafiei, S., & Salim, R. A. (2014). Non-renewable and renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions in OECD countries: a comparative analysis. Energy policy, 66, 547- 556.
  • Shahbaz, M., Loganathan, N., Muzaffar, A. T., Ahmed, K., & Jabran, M. A. (2016). How urbanization affects CO2 emissions in Malaysia? The application of STIRPAT model. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57, 83-93.
  • Shahnazi, R., & Shabani, Z. D. (2021). The effects of renewable energy, spatial spillover of CO2 emissions and economic freedom on CO2 emissions in the EU. Renewable Energy, 169, 293-307.
  • Sharma, S. S. (2011). Determinants of carbon dioxide emissions: empirical evidence from 69 countries. Applied Energy, 88(1), 376-382.
  • Sun, Y., Li, H., Andlib, Z., & Genie, M. G. (2022). How do renewable energy and urbanization cause carbon emissions? Evidence from advanced panel estimation techniques. Renewable Energy, 185, 996-1005.
  • Susanti, Y., Pratiwi, H., Sulistijowati, S., & Liana, T. (2014). M estimation, S estimation, and MM estimation in robust regression. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 91(3), 349-360.
  • Wang, Y., Li, X., Kang, Y., Chen, W., Zhao, M., & Li, W. (2019). Analyzing the impact of urbanization quality on CO2 emissions: What can geographically weighted regression tell us? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 104, 127-136.
  • Yorulmaz, Ö. (2016). Dayanıklı istatistiksel yöntemler ve R uygulamaları. İstanbul: Beta.
Year 2024, , 276 - 287, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.58816/duzceod.1447805

Abstract

References

  • Al-Mulali, U., Ozturk, I., & Lean, H. H. (2015). The influence of economic growth, urbanization, trade openness, financial development, and renewable energy on pollution in Europe. Natural Hazards, 79, 621-644.
  • Anwar, A., Sinha, A., Sharif, A., Siddique, M., Irshad, S., Anwar, W., & Malik, S. (2022). The nexus between urbanization, renewable energy consumption, financial development, and CO2 emissions: Evidence from selected Asian countries. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 24, 6556-6576
  • Chen, C. (2002). Paper 265-27 Robust regression and outlier detection with the ROBUSTREG procedure. In Proceedings of the Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Annual SAS Users Group International Conference.
  • Fan, Y., Liu, L. C., Wu, G., & Wei, Y. M. (2006). Analyzing impact factors of CO2 emissions using the STIRPAT model. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 26(4), 377-
  • Gad, A. M. & Qura, M. E. (2016). Regression Estimation in the presence of outliers: A comparative study. International Journal of Probability and Statistics, 5(3), 65-72
  • Gierałtowska, U., Asyngier, R., Nakonieczny, J., & Salahodjaev, R. (2022). Renewable energy, urbanization, and CO2 emissions: a global test. Energies, 15(9), 3390.
  • Kasman, A., & Duman, Y. S. (2015). CO2 emissions, economic growth, energy consumption, trade and urbanization in new EU member and candidate countries: a panel data analysis. Economic modelling, 44, 97-103.
  • Koengkan, M., Fuinhas, J. A., & Santiago, R. (2020). The relationship between CO2 emissions, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and urbanisation in the Southern Common Market. Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy, 9(4), 383-401.
  • Li, B., & Haneklaus, N. (2021). The role of renewable energy, fossil fuel consumption, urbanization and economic growth on CO2 emissions in China. Energy Reports, 7, 783-791.
  • Lopuhaa, H. P., & Rousseeuw, P. J. (1991). Breakdown points of affine equivariant estimators of multivariate location and covariance matrices. The Annals of Statistics, 19(1), 229-248.
  • Mahmood, H., Alkhateeb, T. T. Y., & Furqan, M. (2020). Industrialization, urbanization and CO2 emissions in Saudi Arabia: Asymmetry analysis. Energy Reports, 6, 1553-1560.
  • Muhammad, S., Long, X., Salman, M., & Dauda, L. (2020). Effect of urbanization and international trade on CO2 emissions across 65 belt and road initiative countries. Energy, 196, 117102.
  • Pata, U. K. (2018). Renewable energy consumption, urbanization, financial development, income and CO2 emissions in Turkey: testing EKC hypothesis with structural breaks. Journal of cleaner production, 187, 770-779.
  • Prahutama, A., & Rusgiyono, A. (2021, July). Robust regression with MM-estimator for modelling the number maternal mortality of pregnancy in Central Java, Indonesia. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1943, No. 1, p. 012148). IOP Publishing.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2014). The effect of urbanization on CO2 emissions in emerging economies. Energy economics, 41, 147-153.
  • Shafiei, S., & Salim, R. A. (2014). Non-renewable and renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions in OECD countries: a comparative analysis. Energy policy, 66, 547- 556.
  • Shahbaz, M., Loganathan, N., Muzaffar, A. T., Ahmed, K., & Jabran, M. A. (2016). How urbanization affects CO2 emissions in Malaysia? The application of STIRPAT model. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 57, 83-93.
  • Shahnazi, R., & Shabani, Z. D. (2021). The effects of renewable energy, spatial spillover of CO2 emissions and economic freedom on CO2 emissions in the EU. Renewable Energy, 169, 293-307.
  • Sharma, S. S. (2011). Determinants of carbon dioxide emissions: empirical evidence from 69 countries. Applied Energy, 88(1), 376-382.
  • Sun, Y., Li, H., Andlib, Z., & Genie, M. G. (2022). How do renewable energy and urbanization cause carbon emissions? Evidence from advanced panel estimation techniques. Renewable Energy, 185, 996-1005.
  • Susanti, Y., Pratiwi, H., Sulistijowati, S., & Liana, T. (2014). M estimation, S estimation, and MM estimation in robust regression. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 91(3), 349-360.
  • Wang, Y., Li, X., Kang, Y., Chen, W., Zhao, M., & Li, W. (2019). Analyzing the impact of urbanization quality on CO2 emissions: What can geographically weighted regression tell us? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 104, 127-136.
  • Yorulmaz, Ö. (2016). Dayanıklı istatistiksel yöntemler ve R uygulamaları. İstanbul: Beta.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Forestry Management and Environment
Journal Section Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi 20(1)
Authors

Neslihan Akın Özdemir 0000-0002-6577-2525

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date March 6, 2024
Acceptance Date May 27, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

APA Akın Özdemir, N. (2024). G-20 ÜLKELERİNDE CO2 EMİSYONU, EKONOMİK BÜYÜME, KENTLEŞME VE YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ İLİŞKİSİ. Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 20(1), 276-287. https://doi.org/10.58816/duzceod.1447805

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