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Screening for Metsulfuron Methyl Phytotoxicity in Seeds of Various Pine Species

Year 2016, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 34 - 43, 15.12.2016

Abstract

In forestry, herbicide screening of woody plant seeds has been successfully used for the selection of safe and effective herbicides for tree species. Consequently, research time and costs can be reduced when compared to the respective traditional field experiments. Metsulfuron methyl is a systemic sulfonylurea herbicide used to selectively control herbaceous and woody weeds in conifer plantations. In the present study, the cumulative germination rate and germination speed of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) seed presoaked in sulfometuron methyl solutions of 15 different concentrations (0-5% v: v), including a control, were evaluated in a rapid seed-screening trial in order to predict early field phytotoxicity of the herbicide on these pine species. At the end of the 28-day germination trial in the laboratory, the cumulative rate and speed of germination of the three pine species seed varied across different concentrations of sulfometuron. Sulfometuron methyl was not significantly phytotoxic to pine seed germination at low and intermediate concentrations, while seed germination was depressed at high concentrations. The herbicide appeared to affect germination speed more than cumulative germination. The use of this herbicide at low to intermediate concentrations in nursery beds and forest areas could afford young seedlings a rapid establishment and growth without significant phytotoxicity to seed germination. These results could be used to predict early efficacy of sulfometuron on young pine seedlings in the field along with field confirmation of the results. Selecting a herbicide concentration that is both efficacious on weeds and safe for crop trees is vital for the successful establishment and growth of pine seedlings on nursery and plantation sites.

References

  • Baskin C. C and Baskin J. M 2014. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Academic Press, San Diego, USA, pp. 1573.
  • Blair M. P., Zedaker S. M., Seiler J. R, Hipkins P. L and Burch P. L 2006. Evaluation of Rapid Screening Techniques for Woody Plant Herbicide Development. Weed Technology 20: 971–979.
  • Bowes G. G and Spun D. T 1996. Control of Aspen Poplar, Balsam Poplar, Prickly Rose and Western Snowberry with Metsulfuron-Methyl And 2,4-D. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76:885-889.
  • Boydak M and Çalışkan S,Ağaçlandırma (Afforestation),714,OGEM-VAK,2014
  • Bunn B. H., Zedaker S. M and Seiler J. R,Presoaking Improves Forest Tree Seed Screening,129–130,1995,Proceedings of “The Southern Weed Science Society.”
  • Cantürk, K,The Chief of Bolu Karacasu Forest Nursery of Bolu Regional Directorate of Forestry, Bolu, Turkey,2016
  • Çetin, B,Mersin Yöresinde Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) Kozalak ve Tohumuna Ait Bazı Özelliklerin Yükseltiye Bağlı Değişimi,185,2010,Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul University
  • Dunlap J. R and Barnet J. P,Manipulation of Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda L.) Seed Germination with Simulated Moisture and Temperature Stress,61-74,Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers,Boston, MA, USA,Seedling Physiology and Reforestation Success,1984
  • Eşen D and Yıldız O,Otsu Ve Odunsu Diri Örtü Mücadelesinin Meşcerelerin Gençleştirilmesi ve Büyümesine Etkileri,28-32,TBMMO,2000,37
  • Eşen D., Yıldız O., Sargıncı M and Güneş N,Ormancılıkta Zararlı Ot İlaçlarının Kullanımı ve Riskleri,51-58,2005,1(2)
  • Eşen D., Yildiz O. Kulaç Ş. and Sarginci M,Controlling Rhododendron spp. in Turkish Black Sea Region,177-184,2006,79(2)
  • Genç M,Silvikulturun Temel Esasları (Principles of Silviculture),352,S.D.Ü. Orman Fakültesi,2012
  • Lefebvre R. F,The Combined Effects of Vegetation Control and Seedling Size Class on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Seedling Productivity on a Site in Oregon,108,2013,Oregon State University, USA
  • Minogue P. J, Cantrell R. L and Griswold H. C,Vegetation management after plantation establishment,335-358,1991,36
  • Monaco T. J., Weller S. C and Ashton F. M,Weed Science: Principles and Practices (4th ed).,671,John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, USA,2002
  • Osiecka A and Minogue P,Herbicides Registered for Pine Management in Florida 2014,13,2014,University of Florida IFAS Extension
  • Owston P. W and Abrahamson L. P,Weed Management in Forest Nurseries,193-202,Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W.Junk Publishers,Forest Nursery Manual: Production of Bareroot Seedlings (Landis M L, Landis D T eds),1984
  • Radosevich S. R., Holt J and Ghersa C. M,Ecology of Weeds and Invasive Plants. Relationship to Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (3rd ed),454,John WileyandSons,2007
  • Saatçioğlu F,Orman Ağacı Tohumları (Seeds of Forest Trees),242,İ.Ü.,1971
  • SAS Institute Inc.,SAS/STAT Users Guide, Version 6.12,SAS Institute,1996
  • Stanley W., Zedaker S., Seiler J and Burch P,Methods For Rapid Screening In Woody Plant Herbicide Development,1584-1595,2014,5
  • Tran H., Harrington K. C., Robertson A. W and Watt M. S,Relative Persistence of Commonly Used Forestry Herbicides for Preventing The Establishment of Broom (Cytisus Scoparius) Seedlings in New Zealand Plantations,13,2015
  • Willoughby I., Clay D and Dixon F,The Effect of Pre-Emergent Herbicides on Germination and Early Growth of Broadleaved Species Used for Direct Seeding.,83-94,2003,76(1)
  • Zedaker S. M and Seiler J. R,Rapid Primary Screening for Forestry Herbicides,349–352,1988,The Fifth Biennial Southern Silviculture Research Conference

Çeşitli Çam Türlerinin Tohum Çimlenmesinde Metsulfuron Metil Fitotoksisitesi

Year 2016, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 34 - 43, 15.12.2016

Abstract

Odunsu bitki herbisit tarama yöntemi ormancılıkta kullanılacak etkili ve güvenilir herbisitlerin seçiminde başarıyla kullanılmaktadır. Bu yöntem, muadili geleneksel saha denemelerine kıyasla araştırma süresi ve maliyetini oldukça düşürmektedir. Metsülfuron metil sülfonil üre sınıfında sistemik seçici bir herbisit olup ibreli plantasyonlarında yapılan otsu ve odunsu zararlı bitki mücadelesinde kullanılmaktadır.  Bu çalışmada kullanılan hızlı tohum herbisit tarama yöntemiyle, sulfomethuron metil herbisitinin kontrol dozu da dahil olmak üzere 15 farklı doz solüsyonu (%0-5, hacim bazında) ile ön işleme tabii tutulan Anadolu karaçamı (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold), sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) ve sahilçamı (Pinus pinaster Aiton) tohumlarının birikimli çimlenme yüzdesi ve hızı incelenerek herbisitin çam türleri üzerindeki ilk dönem saha etkisinin öngörülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Laboratuarda yapılan 28 günlük çimlenme testi sonunda, çam tohum çimlenmesinin farklı herbisit dozlarında farklı tepki verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Sülfometuron metil, düşük ve orta seviyeli dozlarda çimlenmeye önemli bir zarar vermemiş ancak yüksek dozlarda çimlenmeyi oldukça düşürmüştür. Herbisit uygulamasının birikimli çimlenme yüzdesinden ziyade çimlenme hızı üzerinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür.  Fidanlık yastıklarında ve orman sahalarında düşük ve orta dozlarda kullanılacak sulfomethuron metil asli türlere önemli bir zarar vermeden hızlı bir fidan gelişiminin elde edilmesine yardımcı olabilecektir. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar saha teyidinin yapılmasından sonra sulfomethuron metilin genç karaçam, sarıçam ve sahilçamı fidanları üzerindeki saha fitotoksisitesinin tahmini için kullanılabilir. Zararlı bitkiler üzerinde etkili fakat asli türler için güvenilir herbisit seçimi fidanlık ve dikim sahalarında fidan tutma başarısı ve gelişimi için büyük önem arz etmektedir. 

References

  • Baskin C. C and Baskin J. M 2014. Seeds: Ecology, Biogeography, and Evolution of Dormancy and Germination. Academic Press, San Diego, USA, pp. 1573.
  • Blair M. P., Zedaker S. M., Seiler J. R, Hipkins P. L and Burch P. L 2006. Evaluation of Rapid Screening Techniques for Woody Plant Herbicide Development. Weed Technology 20: 971–979.
  • Bowes G. G and Spun D. T 1996. Control of Aspen Poplar, Balsam Poplar, Prickly Rose and Western Snowberry with Metsulfuron-Methyl And 2,4-D. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 76:885-889.
  • Boydak M and Çalışkan S,Ağaçlandırma (Afforestation),714,OGEM-VAK,2014
  • Bunn B. H., Zedaker S. M and Seiler J. R,Presoaking Improves Forest Tree Seed Screening,129–130,1995,Proceedings of “The Southern Weed Science Society.”
  • Cantürk, K,The Chief of Bolu Karacasu Forest Nursery of Bolu Regional Directorate of Forestry, Bolu, Turkey,2016
  • Çetin, B,Mersin Yöresinde Kızılçam (Pinus brutia Ten.) Kozalak ve Tohumuna Ait Bazı Özelliklerin Yükseltiye Bağlı Değişimi,185,2010,Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul University
  • Dunlap J. R and Barnet J. P,Manipulation of Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taeda L.) Seed Germination with Simulated Moisture and Temperature Stress,61-74,Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers,Boston, MA, USA,Seedling Physiology and Reforestation Success,1984
  • Eşen D and Yıldız O,Otsu Ve Odunsu Diri Örtü Mücadelesinin Meşcerelerin Gençleştirilmesi ve Büyümesine Etkileri,28-32,TBMMO,2000,37
  • Eşen D., Yıldız O., Sargıncı M and Güneş N,Ormancılıkta Zararlı Ot İlaçlarının Kullanımı ve Riskleri,51-58,2005,1(2)
  • Eşen D., Yildiz O. Kulaç Ş. and Sarginci M,Controlling Rhododendron spp. in Turkish Black Sea Region,177-184,2006,79(2)
  • Genç M,Silvikulturun Temel Esasları (Principles of Silviculture),352,S.D.Ü. Orman Fakültesi,2012
  • Lefebvre R. F,The Combined Effects of Vegetation Control and Seedling Size Class on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) Seedling Productivity on a Site in Oregon,108,2013,Oregon State University, USA
  • Minogue P. J, Cantrell R. L and Griswold H. C,Vegetation management after plantation establishment,335-358,1991,36
  • Monaco T. J., Weller S. C and Ashton F. M,Weed Science: Principles and Practices (4th ed).,671,John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, USA,2002
  • Osiecka A and Minogue P,Herbicides Registered for Pine Management in Florida 2014,13,2014,University of Florida IFAS Extension
  • Owston P. W and Abrahamson L. P,Weed Management in Forest Nurseries,193-202,Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W.Junk Publishers,Forest Nursery Manual: Production of Bareroot Seedlings (Landis M L, Landis D T eds),1984
  • Radosevich S. R., Holt J and Ghersa C. M,Ecology of Weeds and Invasive Plants. Relationship to Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (3rd ed),454,John WileyandSons,2007
  • Saatçioğlu F,Orman Ağacı Tohumları (Seeds of Forest Trees),242,İ.Ü.,1971
  • SAS Institute Inc.,SAS/STAT Users Guide, Version 6.12,SAS Institute,1996
  • Stanley W., Zedaker S., Seiler J and Burch P,Methods For Rapid Screening In Woody Plant Herbicide Development,1584-1595,2014,5
  • Tran H., Harrington K. C., Robertson A. W and Watt M. S,Relative Persistence of Commonly Used Forestry Herbicides for Preventing The Establishment of Broom (Cytisus Scoparius) Seedlings in New Zealand Plantations,13,2015
  • Willoughby I., Clay D and Dixon F,The Effect of Pre-Emergent Herbicides on Germination and Early Growth of Broadleaved Species Used for Direct Seeding.,83-94,2003,76(1)
  • Zedaker S. M and Seiler J. R,Rapid Primary Screening for Forestry Herbicides,349–352,1988,The Fifth Biennial Southern Silviculture Research Conference
There are 24 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section İç Anadolu’da Ağaçlandırma Çalışmaları
Authors

Ceren Dağlar This is me

Derya Eşen

Bilal Çetin

Publication Date December 15, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Dağlar, C., Eşen, D., & Çetin, B. (2016). Çeşitli Çam Türlerinin Tohum Çimlenmesinde Metsulfuron Metil Fitotoksisitesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 12(2), 34-43.

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