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Lactarius pyrogalus Mantar Türünün Farklı İzolatlarının ve İnokulasyon Uygulamalarının Fındık (Corylus avellana) Fidanında Ektomikoriza Oluşumu ve Fidan Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2011, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 89 - 104, 15.12.2011

Abstract

Çalışmada fındık (Corylus avellana) ile ektomikorizal ilişkisi bulunan Lactarius pyrogalus türüne ait
farklı 2 izolat ve 3 inokulasyon uygulamasının mikoriza oluşumu ve fidan gelişimi üzerine etkisi
belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda ektomikorizanın teşhisi ve tanımlanması yapılmıştır. İnokule edilmeyen fındık
fidanları hariç, tüm inokulasyon ve izolat uygulamalarında ektomikoriza oluşumu saptanmıştır. L. pyrogalus
mikorizasının turuncu renkli ve basit dallanmış, mikorizal köklerin ise kısa, kalın, yüzeyinin düz, parlak ve
fungal örtü ile kaplı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada farklı inokulasyon ve izolat uygulamalarına ait
mikorizal kökler ve doğal ortamdan alınan mikorizal köklerin kimyasallara (% 15 KOH, % 70 etanol, % 15
FeSO4 ve laktik asit) tepkileri incelenmiş ve renk değişimlerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. İnokulasyon
uygulamalarının ve izolatların fındık fidanlarının gelişimi üzerine etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. En yüksek
Mikorizal Aşılama Etkinliği (MAE) değeri ve fidan gelişimi, substrata saf misel aşılamasından sonra
inokulum gelişimi beklenmeden inokulumlu ortamda katlanan tohumların ekildiği inokulasyon
uygulamasından (% 33.99) elde edilmiştir. Izolatlar arasında ise Ünye izolatının MAE değeri yüksek
bulunmuştur.

References

  • Agerer R, ed 1987-2002. Color Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae. 1st-12th edn. Einhorn, Schwäbisch Gmünd. Munich.
  • Akitsu N, Hattori T, Seo G S, Ohta A and Shimada M 2000. A Possible Role of Oxalate Produced in The Symbiotic Culture System with A Host Plant Pinus densiflora and A
  • Mycorrhizal Fungus Lactarius hatsudake. Wood Research 87: 13-14. Alves J R, Souza O, Podlech P A S, Giachini A J and Oliveira V L 2001. Effect of Ectomycorrhizal Inoculum Produced by Solid State Fermentation on Growth of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 36(2): 307-313.
  • Anonymous, 2011. Chemical Reactions. http://pfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/biodiversity/ecto/ glossary/chemical_e.html. (Erişim tarihi: 28.11.2011).
  • Baar J, Horton T R, Kretzer A M and Bruns T D 1999. Mycorrhizal colonization of Pinus muricata from resistant propagules after a stand-replacing wildfire. New Phytologist 143(2), 409-418.
  • Bagyaraj D J, Manjunath A and Govida V S 1998. Mycorrhizal Inoculation Effect on Marigold, Egg Plant and Citrus in an Indian Soil. Journal of Soil Biology & Ecology 8: 98-103.
  • Becerra A, Daniele G, Domínguez L, Nouhra E and Horton T 2002. Ectomycorrhizae between Alnus acuminata H.B.K. and Naucoria escharoides (Fr.:Fr.) Kummer from Argentina. Mycorrhiza 12: 61-66.
  • Becerra A, Benken L, Pritsch K, Daniele G, Schloter M and Agerer R 2005. Anatomical and Molecular Characterization of Lactarius aff. omphaliformis, Russula alnijorullensis and Cortinarius tucumanensis Ectomycorrhizae on Alnus acuminata. Mycologia 97(5): 1047-1057.
  • Brunner I and Brodbeck S 2001. Response of Mycorrhizal Norway Spruce Seedlings to Various Nitrogen Loads and Sources. Environmental Pollution 114: 223-233.
  • Cherfas, J 1991. Disappearing Mushrooms: Another Mass Extinction? Science 254: 1458.
  • Daza A, Manjon J L, Camacho M, Romero de la Osa L, Aguilar A and Santamaria C 2006. Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources, pH and temperature on in vitro Culture of Several Isolates of Amanita caesarea (Scop.:Fr.) Pers. Mycorrhiza 16(2):133-136.
  • Eltrop L and Marschner H 1996. Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Non-Mychorizal and Mychorizal Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Seedlings Grown in Semi-Hydroponic Sand Culture. І. Growth and Mineral Nutrient Uptake in Plants Supplied with Different Forms of Nitrogen. New Phytologist 133: 469-478.
  • Fries N 1987. The Third Benefactors' Lecture: Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects of Spore Germination in The Higher Basidiomycetes. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 88: 1-7.
  • Guerin-Laguette A, Conventi S, Ruiz G, Plassard C and Mousain D 2003. The Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis between Lactarius deliciosus and Pinus sylvestris in Forest Soil Samples: Symbiotic Efficiency and Development on Roots of a rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer-Selected Isolate of L. deliciosus. Mycorrhiza 13(1): 17-25.
  • Guerin-Laguette A, Shindo K, Matsushita N, Suzuki K and Lapeyrie F 2004. The Mycorrhizal Fungus Tricholoma matsutake Stimulates Pinus densiflora Seedling Growth in Vitro. Mycorrhiza 14: 397-400.
  • Hall I R and Wang Y 2002. Truffles and Other Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms - Some New Crops for The Southern Hemisphere. Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms and Their Cultivation. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms, Christchurch, New Zealand, 3-6 July 2001.
  • Hall I R, Stephenson S, Buchanan P, Wang Y and Cole A L J 2003a. Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of The World. Timber Press, Portland, Oreg.
  • Hall I R, Yun W and Amicucci A 2003b. Cultivation of Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms. Trends In Biotechnology 21(10): 433-438.
  • Harley J C 1969. The Biology of Mycorrhizae, Leonard Hill, 2nd Edition, London.
  • Harvey L M 1991. Cultivation Techniques for The Production of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi. Biotechnology Advances 9(1): 13-29.
  • Hattori T, Akitsu N, Seo G S, Ohta A and Shimada M 2000. Mechanisms for Ectomycorrhizae Synthesis. (Part 1). The Production of Organic Acids During The Symbiotic Cultivation of Pinus densiflora Associated with Lactarius hatsudake. Annual Report of Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Environmental Sciences 18: 121-127.
  • Heilmann-Clausen J, Verbeken A and Vesterholt J 2000. The Genus Lactarius. Fungi of Northern Europe. In: Laessoe J.H. Petersen, S.A. Elborne (eds.), Vol. 2, Denmark.
  • Kacar B 1994. Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Eğitim, Araştırma ve Geliştirme Vakfı Yayın No: 3.
  • Kara Ö 2000. Mikoriza ve orman ağaçları için önemi. I. Ulusal Orman Fakülteleri Öğrenci Kongresi Bildirileri 4-5 Mayıs, İ.Ü. Yayın No: 4365, O.F Yayın No: 468, s. 199-205, İstanbul.
  • Kara Ö ve Tilki F 2001. Mikoriza ve ormancılıkta kullanımı. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 51(1): 127-139.
  • Kibar B ve Pekşen A 2007. Ektomikorizanın tarım ve ormancılık bakımından önemi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 22 (2): 232-238. 103
  • Nunez J A D, Serrano J S, Barreal H A R and Gonzales J A S O 2006. Ectomycorrhizal Status of Norway Spruce Seedlings from Bare-Root Forest Nurseries. Forest Ecology and Management 231: 226-233.
  • Olivier J M 2000. Progress in the cultivation of truffles. In Mushroom Science XV: Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi (Vol. 2) Balkema, 937-942.
  • Özçelik E, Şahin G ve Pekşen A 2004. Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinin Bazı Yenen ve Tıbbi Mantar Türleri. Türkiye VII. Yemeklik Mantar Kongresi (22-25 Eylül 2004), 128- 139, Korkuteli, Antalya.
  • Parlade J, Alvarez I F and Pera J 1995. Ability of Native Ectomycorrhizal Fungi from Northern Spain to Colonize Douglas-Fir and Other Introduced Conifers. Mycorrhiza 6(1): 51-55.
  • Parlade J, Pera J and Luque J 2004. Evaluation of Mycelial Inocula of Edible Lactarius Species for The Production of Pinus pinaster and P. sylvestris Mycorrhizal Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions. Mycorrhiza 14(3): 171-176.
  • Pekşen A ve Karaca G H 2000. Samsun İli ve Çevresinde Saptanan Yenilebilir Mantar Türleri ve Bunların Tüketim Potansiyeli. Türkiye VI. Yemeklik Mantar Kongresi (20-22 Eylül 2000), 100-111, Bergama, İzmir.
  • Pekşen A ve Kibar B 2007. Yenilebilir ektomikorizal mantarların yetiştiriciliği ve bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 22 (2): 239- 247.
  • Pekşen A, Yakupoğlu G and Kibar B 2008. Some Chemical Components of Lactarius pyrogalus from Diverse Locations. Asian Journal of Chemistry 20(4): 3109-3114.
  • Pillukat A 1996. Lactarius salmonicolor R. Heim & Leclair+Abies alba Mill. Descr. Ectomycorrhiza 1: 59-64.
  • Pilz D, Norvell L, Danell E and Molina R 2003. Ecology and Management of Commercially Harvested Chanterelle Mushrooms. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-567.
  • Repac I 2007. Ectomycorrhiza Formation and Growth of Picea abies Seedlings Inoculated with Alginate-Bead Fungal Inoculum in Peat and Bark Compost Substrates. Forestry 80(5): 517-530.
  • Rietveld W J, Sharp R A, Kienzler M F and Dixon R K 1989. Development of Ectomycorrhizae on Container-Grown. European larch. Tree Planters'Notes 40(2): 12- 17.
  • Rincón A, Álvarez I F and Pera J 1999. Ectomycorrhizal Fungi of Pinus pinea L. in Northeastern Spain. Mycorrhiza 8: 271-276.
  • Singer R 1986. The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Germany.
  • Souza L A B, Filho G N S and Oliveira V L 2004. Efficiency of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi on Phosporus Uptake and Eucalypt Growth Promotion. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 39(4): 349-355.
  • Sundari K S and Adholeya A 2003. Growth Profile of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Mycelium: Emphasis on Substrate pH Influence. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 83(3): 209-214.
  • Tilki F ve Kara Ö 2004. Silvikültürel müdahalelerin ektomikoriza mantarları üzerine etkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 4(1): 81-90.
  • Torres P 1992. Estudio de las Micorrizas de Pino Carrasco (Pinus halepensis Miller), Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia.
  • Turjaman M, Tamai Y, Segah H, Limin S H, Osaki M and Tawaray K 2006. Increase in Early Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Shorea seminis Seedlings Inoculated with Two Ectomycorrhizal Fungi. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 18(4): 243-249. 104
  • Tüfekçi S 2007. Doğal Populasyonlardaki Toros Sediri (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) Mikorizasının İzole Edilmesi ve Çoğaltılıp Fidan Üretiminde Kullanılması. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (Basılmamış), 179s, Adana.
  • Vicente J G, Conway J, Roberts S J and Taylor J D 2001. Identification and Origin of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Races and Related Pathovars. Phytopathology 91: 492-499.
  • Wang Y, Hall I R and Evans L A 1997. Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with Edible Fruiting Bodies 1. Tricholoma matsutake and Related Fungi. Economic Botany 51: 311-327.
  • Wang Y, Bunchanan P and Hall I R 2002. A List of Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms. Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms and Their Cultivation. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms, Christchurch, New Zealand, 3-6 July 2001.
  • Yamada A, Ogura T and Ohmasa M 2001. Cultivation of Mushrooms of Edible Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Pinus densiflora by in vitro Mycorrhizal Synthesis II. Morphology of Mycorrhizas in Open-Pot Soil. Mycorrhiza 11: 67-81.
Year 2011, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 89 - 104, 15.12.2011

Abstract

References

  • Agerer R, ed 1987-2002. Color Atlas of Ectomycorrhizae. 1st-12th edn. Einhorn, Schwäbisch Gmünd. Munich.
  • Akitsu N, Hattori T, Seo G S, Ohta A and Shimada M 2000. A Possible Role of Oxalate Produced in The Symbiotic Culture System with A Host Plant Pinus densiflora and A
  • Mycorrhizal Fungus Lactarius hatsudake. Wood Research 87: 13-14. Alves J R, Souza O, Podlech P A S, Giachini A J and Oliveira V L 2001. Effect of Ectomycorrhizal Inoculum Produced by Solid State Fermentation on Growth of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 36(2): 307-313.
  • Anonymous, 2011. Chemical Reactions. http://pfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/biodiversity/ecto/ glossary/chemical_e.html. (Erişim tarihi: 28.11.2011).
  • Baar J, Horton T R, Kretzer A M and Bruns T D 1999. Mycorrhizal colonization of Pinus muricata from resistant propagules after a stand-replacing wildfire. New Phytologist 143(2), 409-418.
  • Bagyaraj D J, Manjunath A and Govida V S 1998. Mycorrhizal Inoculation Effect on Marigold, Egg Plant and Citrus in an Indian Soil. Journal of Soil Biology & Ecology 8: 98-103.
  • Becerra A, Daniele G, Domínguez L, Nouhra E and Horton T 2002. Ectomycorrhizae between Alnus acuminata H.B.K. and Naucoria escharoides (Fr.:Fr.) Kummer from Argentina. Mycorrhiza 12: 61-66.
  • Becerra A, Benken L, Pritsch K, Daniele G, Schloter M and Agerer R 2005. Anatomical and Molecular Characterization of Lactarius aff. omphaliformis, Russula alnijorullensis and Cortinarius tucumanensis Ectomycorrhizae on Alnus acuminata. Mycologia 97(5): 1047-1057.
  • Brunner I and Brodbeck S 2001. Response of Mycorrhizal Norway Spruce Seedlings to Various Nitrogen Loads and Sources. Environmental Pollution 114: 223-233.
  • Cherfas, J 1991. Disappearing Mushrooms: Another Mass Extinction? Science 254: 1458.
  • Daza A, Manjon J L, Camacho M, Romero de la Osa L, Aguilar A and Santamaria C 2006. Effect of Carbon and Nitrogen Sources, pH and temperature on in vitro Culture of Several Isolates of Amanita caesarea (Scop.:Fr.) Pers. Mycorrhiza 16(2):133-136.
  • Eltrop L and Marschner H 1996. Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Non-Mychorizal and Mychorizal Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Seedlings Grown in Semi-Hydroponic Sand Culture. І. Growth and Mineral Nutrient Uptake in Plants Supplied with Different Forms of Nitrogen. New Phytologist 133: 469-478.
  • Fries N 1987. The Third Benefactors' Lecture: Ecological and Evolutionary Aspects of Spore Germination in The Higher Basidiomycetes. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 88: 1-7.
  • Guerin-Laguette A, Conventi S, Ruiz G, Plassard C and Mousain D 2003. The Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis between Lactarius deliciosus and Pinus sylvestris in Forest Soil Samples: Symbiotic Efficiency and Development on Roots of a rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer-Selected Isolate of L. deliciosus. Mycorrhiza 13(1): 17-25.
  • Guerin-Laguette A, Shindo K, Matsushita N, Suzuki K and Lapeyrie F 2004. The Mycorrhizal Fungus Tricholoma matsutake Stimulates Pinus densiflora Seedling Growth in Vitro. Mycorrhiza 14: 397-400.
  • Hall I R and Wang Y 2002. Truffles and Other Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms - Some New Crops for The Southern Hemisphere. Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms and Their Cultivation. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms, Christchurch, New Zealand, 3-6 July 2001.
  • Hall I R, Stephenson S, Buchanan P, Wang Y and Cole A L J 2003a. Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of The World. Timber Press, Portland, Oreg.
  • Hall I R, Yun W and Amicucci A 2003b. Cultivation of Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms. Trends In Biotechnology 21(10): 433-438.
  • Harley J C 1969. The Biology of Mycorrhizae, Leonard Hill, 2nd Edition, London.
  • Harvey L M 1991. Cultivation Techniques for The Production of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi. Biotechnology Advances 9(1): 13-29.
  • Hattori T, Akitsu N, Seo G S, Ohta A and Shimada M 2000. Mechanisms for Ectomycorrhizae Synthesis. (Part 1). The Production of Organic Acids During The Symbiotic Cultivation of Pinus densiflora Associated with Lactarius hatsudake. Annual Report of Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Environmental Sciences 18: 121-127.
  • Heilmann-Clausen J, Verbeken A and Vesterholt J 2000. The Genus Lactarius. Fungi of Northern Europe. In: Laessoe J.H. Petersen, S.A. Elborne (eds.), Vol. 2, Denmark.
  • Kacar B 1994. Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Eğitim, Araştırma ve Geliştirme Vakfı Yayın No: 3.
  • Kara Ö 2000. Mikoriza ve orman ağaçları için önemi. I. Ulusal Orman Fakülteleri Öğrenci Kongresi Bildirileri 4-5 Mayıs, İ.Ü. Yayın No: 4365, O.F Yayın No: 468, s. 199-205, İstanbul.
  • Kara Ö ve Tilki F 2001. Mikoriza ve ormancılıkta kullanımı. İ.Ü. Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 51(1): 127-139.
  • Kibar B ve Pekşen A 2007. Ektomikorizanın tarım ve ormancılık bakımından önemi. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 22 (2): 232-238. 103
  • Nunez J A D, Serrano J S, Barreal H A R and Gonzales J A S O 2006. Ectomycorrhizal Status of Norway Spruce Seedlings from Bare-Root Forest Nurseries. Forest Ecology and Management 231: 226-233.
  • Olivier J M 2000. Progress in the cultivation of truffles. In Mushroom Science XV: Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi (Vol. 2) Balkema, 937-942.
  • Özçelik E, Şahin G ve Pekşen A 2004. Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinin Bazı Yenen ve Tıbbi Mantar Türleri. Türkiye VII. Yemeklik Mantar Kongresi (22-25 Eylül 2004), 128- 139, Korkuteli, Antalya.
  • Parlade J, Alvarez I F and Pera J 1995. Ability of Native Ectomycorrhizal Fungi from Northern Spain to Colonize Douglas-Fir and Other Introduced Conifers. Mycorrhiza 6(1): 51-55.
  • Parlade J, Pera J and Luque J 2004. Evaluation of Mycelial Inocula of Edible Lactarius Species for The Production of Pinus pinaster and P. sylvestris Mycorrhizal Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions. Mycorrhiza 14(3): 171-176.
  • Pekşen A ve Karaca G H 2000. Samsun İli ve Çevresinde Saptanan Yenilebilir Mantar Türleri ve Bunların Tüketim Potansiyeli. Türkiye VI. Yemeklik Mantar Kongresi (20-22 Eylül 2000), 100-111, Bergama, İzmir.
  • Pekşen A ve Kibar B 2007. Yenilebilir ektomikorizal mantarların yetiştiriciliği ve bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 22 (2): 239- 247.
  • Pekşen A, Yakupoğlu G and Kibar B 2008. Some Chemical Components of Lactarius pyrogalus from Diverse Locations. Asian Journal of Chemistry 20(4): 3109-3114.
  • Pillukat A 1996. Lactarius salmonicolor R. Heim & Leclair+Abies alba Mill. Descr. Ectomycorrhiza 1: 59-64.
  • Pilz D, Norvell L, Danell E and Molina R 2003. Ecology and Management of Commercially Harvested Chanterelle Mushrooms. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-567.
  • Repac I 2007. Ectomycorrhiza Formation and Growth of Picea abies Seedlings Inoculated with Alginate-Bead Fungal Inoculum in Peat and Bark Compost Substrates. Forestry 80(5): 517-530.
  • Rietveld W J, Sharp R A, Kienzler M F and Dixon R K 1989. Development of Ectomycorrhizae on Container-Grown. European larch. Tree Planters'Notes 40(2): 12- 17.
  • Rincón A, Álvarez I F and Pera J 1999. Ectomycorrhizal Fungi of Pinus pinea L. in Northeastern Spain. Mycorrhiza 8: 271-276.
  • Singer R 1986. The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Germany.
  • Souza L A B, Filho G N S and Oliveira V L 2004. Efficiency of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi on Phosporus Uptake and Eucalypt Growth Promotion. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira 39(4): 349-355.
  • Sundari K S and Adholeya A 2003. Growth Profile of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Mycelium: Emphasis on Substrate pH Influence. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 83(3): 209-214.
  • Tilki F ve Kara Ö 2004. Silvikültürel müdahalelerin ektomikoriza mantarları üzerine etkisi. Gazi Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi 4(1): 81-90.
  • Torres P 1992. Estudio de las Micorrizas de Pino Carrasco (Pinus halepensis Miller), Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia.
  • Turjaman M, Tamai Y, Segah H, Limin S H, Osaki M and Tawaray K 2006. Increase in Early Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Shorea seminis Seedlings Inoculated with Two Ectomycorrhizal Fungi. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 18(4): 243-249. 104
  • Tüfekçi S 2007. Doğal Populasyonlardaki Toros Sediri (Cedrus libani A. Rich.) Mikorizasının İzole Edilmesi ve Çoğaltılıp Fidan Üretiminde Kullanılması. Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (Basılmamış), 179s, Adana.
  • Vicente J G, Conway J, Roberts S J and Taylor J D 2001. Identification and Origin of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris Races and Related Pathovars. Phytopathology 91: 492-499.
  • Wang Y, Hall I R and Evans L A 1997. Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with Edible Fruiting Bodies 1. Tricholoma matsutake and Related Fungi. Economic Botany 51: 311-327.
  • Wang Y, Bunchanan P and Hall I R 2002. A List of Edible Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms. Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms and Their Cultivation. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Edible Mycorrhizal Mushrooms, Christchurch, New Zealand, 3-6 July 2001.
  • Yamada A, Ogura T and Ohmasa M 2001. Cultivation of Mushrooms of Edible Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Pinus densiflora by in vitro Mycorrhizal Synthesis II. Morphology of Mycorrhizas in Open-Pot Soil. Mycorrhiza 11: 67-81.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section İç Anadolu’da Ağaçlandırma Çalışmaları
Authors

Beyhan Kibar This is me

Aysun Pekşen This is me

Publication Date December 15, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kibar, B., & Pekşen, A. (2011). Lactarius pyrogalus Mantar Türünün Farklı İzolatlarının ve İnokulasyon Uygulamalarının Fındık (Corylus avellana) Fidanında Ektomikoriza Oluşumu ve Fidan Gelişimi Üzerine Etkisi. Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 7(2), 89-104.

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