Research Article
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Cellulosic Bioethanol Production Technology

Year 2011, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 10 - 37, 01.06.2011

Abstract

Increase in consumption of
energy paralel to increased population, environmental issues and danger of
depletion of present energy sources forces countries to renewable resources to
produce clean energy. Instead of fossil based energy sources, renewable
bioresources especially agricultural wastes to produce bioethanol is very
important for the energy sector and country’s economy. Using annual plants and
agricultural wastes in energy sector expected to diminish the pressure on
natural forests and fill the raw material gap in production. 

References

  • Acaroğlu M., “Alternatif Enerji Kaynakları”, ISBN, 975-6574-25-9, 208-209, 2003.
  • Agbogbo F., Wenger K., “Effect Of Pretreatment Chemicals on Xylose Fermentation By Pichia stipitis”, Biotechnol. Lett., 28, 2065–2069, 2006.
  • Alizadeh H., Teymouri F., Gilbert T.I., et al., “Pretreatment of Switchgrass By Ammonia Fiber Explosion (AFEX)”, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 124, 1133–1141, 2005.
  • Aminifarshidmehr N., “The Management of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Acid Media Solution”, Am. J. Otol., 17, 24–25, 1996.
  • Anonim, 2007a. http://www.ethanolindia.net/biodiesel_india.html. [ulaşım Aralık 12, 2007].
  • Anonim, 2007b. http://www.biofuelsbusiness.com/country.asp. [ulaşım Ocak 20, 2007].
  • Anonim, 2008a.http://www.abengoabioenergy.com/bioethanol .[ulaşım Kasım 27, 2008.]
  • Anonim (2008b). www.ethanol-gec.org/information/briefing/20a. [ulaşım Haziran 22, 2008.]
  • Anonim, 2008c. www.p2pays.org/ref/38/37753. [ulaşım Mayıs 23, 2008].
  • Anonim (2010a). http://www.gidasanayii.com/ [ulaşım Haziran 21, 2010].
  • Anonim (2010b). ://www.tarimmerkezi.com/yazar_kose.php?hid=29707 [ulaşım Haziran 21, 2010].
  • Anonim (2010c). http://www.konyaseker.com.tr [ulaşım Temmuz 28, 2010].
  • Anonim (2011). http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakkaroz [ulaşım Mayıs 24, 2011].
  • Bachmann S.L., McCarthy A.J., “Purification and Cooperative Activity of Enzymes Constituting The Xylan-Degrading System of Thermomonospora fusca”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57, 2121–2130, 1991.
  • Badger P.C., “Ethanol from Cellulose: A General Review. In: Janick J, Whipkey A, editors. Trends In New Crops and New Uses. Alexandria, VA: ASHS Press, 17–21, 2002.
  • Balat M., Balat H., Öz C., “Progress In Bioethanol Processing”, Progress In Energy And Combustion Science, 34, 551–573, 2008.
  • Ballesteros I., Ballesteros M., Cabañas A., et al., “Selection of Thermotolerant Yeasts for Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Process (SSF) Of Cellulose To Ethanol”, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 28–29, 307–315, 1991.
  • Bertilsson M., “Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Spruce–A Comparison of Pretreatment Conditions and Different Enzyme Preparations”, Master Thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 2007.
  • Bothast R.J., Saha B.C., “Ethanol Production from Agricultural Biomass Substrates”, Adv. Appl. Microbiol., 44, 261–286, 1997.
  • Brink D.L., “Method of Treating Biomass Material”, US Patent 5221357, 1993.
  • Brownell H.H., Saddler J.N., “Steam Explosion Pretreatment for Enzymatic Hydrolysis”,. Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp., 14, 55–68, 1984.
  • Brownell H.H., Saddler J.N., “Steam Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Material for Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis”, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 29, 228–235, 1987.
  • Coughlan M.P., Hazlewood G.P., “B-1,4-Xylan-Degrading Enzyme Systems: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Applications”, Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., 17, 259–289, 1993.
  • Cao N.J., Krishnan M.S., Du J.X., et. al., “Ethanol Production From Corn Cob Pretreated By The Ammonia Steeping Process Using Genetically Engineered Yeast”, Biotechnol. Lett., 18, 1013–1018, 1996.
  • Cardona C.A., Sanchez O.J., “Fuel Ethanol Production: process Design Trends And Integration Opportunities”, Bioresource Technol., 98, 2415–2457, 2007.
  • Champagne P., “Feasibility of Producing Bio-Ethanol from Waste Residues: A Canadian Perspective, Resources”. Conserv. Recycl., 50, 211–230, 2007.
  • Chandel A.K., Es C., Rudravaram R., et. al., “Economics and Environmental Impact of Bioethanol Production Technologies: An Appraisal”, Biotechnol Molec. Biol. Rev., 2, 14–32, 2007.
  • Chen L.F., Gongi C.S., “Fermentation of Sugarcane Bagasse Hemicellulose Hydrolyzate to Xylitol By A Hydrolyzate-Acclimatized Yeast”, J. Food Sci., 50, 226–228, 1985.,
  • Chen Y., Sharma-Shivappa R.R., Chen C., “Ensiling Agricultural Residues for Bioethanol Production”, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 143, 80–92, 2007.
  • Christov L.P., Myburgh J., van Tonder A., et. al., “Hydrolysis of Extracted and Fiber-Bound Xylan with Aureobasidium pullulans Enzymes”, J. Biotechnol., 55, 21–29, 1997.
  • Dale M.C., Moelhman M., “Enzymatic Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of Biomass to Ethanol in A Pilot 130 L Multistage Continuous Reactor Separator”, Ninth Biennial Bioenergy Conference, Buffalo, New York, October 15–19, 2000.
  • Demirbas A., “Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass Resources”, Int. J Gren. Ener., 1, 79–87, 2004.
  • Demirbas A., “Global Biofuel Strategies”. Energy Edu. Sci. Technol., 17, 32–63, 2006.
  • Demirbas A., “Bioethanol from Cellulosic Materials: A Renewable Motor Fuel from Biomass” Energy Sources., 27, 327–337, 2005.
  • Demirbas A., “Progress and Recent Trends in Biofuels”, Prog. Energy Combus Sci., 33, 1–18, 2007.
  • Deng X.X., Ho N.W.Y., “Xylulokinase Activity in Various Yeasts Including Saccharomyces cerevisiae Containing The Cloned Xylulokinase Gene”, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 24/25, 193–199, 1990.
  • Dien B.S., Kurtzman C.P., Saha B.C., et. al., “Screening for L-Arabinose Fermenting Yeasts”, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 57/58, 233–242, 1996.
  • Dien B.S., Cotta M.A., Jeffries T.W., “Bacteria Engineered for Fuel Ethanol Production: Current Status”., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 63, 258–266, 2003.
  • Doner L.W., Hicks K.B., “Isolation of Hemicellulose from Corn Fiber By Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide Extraction”, Cereal. Chem., 74, 176–181, 1997.
  • Duff S.J.B., Murray W.D., “Bioconversion of Forest Products Industry Waste Cellulosics to Fuel Ethanol: A Review”, Bioresour. Technol., 55, 1–33, 1996.
  • Eda S., Ohnishi A., Kato K., “Xylan Isolated from The Stalk of Nicotiana tabacum”, Agric. Biol. Chem., 40, 359–364, 1976.
  • Eggeman T., Elander R.T., “Process and Economic Analysis of Pretreatment Technologies”, Bioresource Technol., 96, 2019–2025, 2005.
  • Eklund R., Zacchi G., “Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Steam-Pretreated Willow”, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 17, 255–259, 1995.
  • Eliasson A., Christensson C., Wahborn C.F., et. al., “Anaerobic Xylose Fermentation By Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Harbouring XYL1, XYL2 and XKS1 in Mineral Media Chemostat Cultivations”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66, 3381–3386, 2000.
  • Filho E.X.F., Touhy M.G., Pulls J., et. al., “The Xylan-Degrading Enzyme Systems of Penicillium capsulatum and Talaromyces emersonii”, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 19, 25S, 1991.
  • Frison A., Memmert K., “Fed-Batch Process Development for Monoclonal Antibody Production With Cellferm-Pro”, Genetic Eng. News., 22, 66–67, 2002.
  • Galbe M., Zacchi G., “A Review of the Production of Ethanol from Softwood”, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 59, 618-628, 2002.
  • Gilbert H.J., Hazlewood G.P., “Bacterial Cellulases and Xylanases”, J. Gen. Microbiol., 139, 187–194, 1993.
  • Gong C.S., Chen L.F., Flickinger M.C.,et. al., “Production of Ethanol from D-Xylose By Using D-Xylose Isomerase and Yeasts”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 41, 430–436, 1981.
  • Granstorm T., Ojama H., Leisola M., “Chemostat Study of Xylitol Production By Candida guilliermondii”, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 55, 36–42, 2001.
  • Gurgel P.V., Manchilha I.M., Pecanha R.P., et. al., “Xylitol Recovery from Fermented Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolyzate”, Bioresour. Technol., 5, 219–223, 1995.
  • Gusakov A.V., Sinitsyn A.P., Salanovich T.N., et. al., “Purification, Cloning and Characterisation Of Two Forms of Thermostable and Highly Active Cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) Produced By The İndustrial Strain of Chrysosporium lucknowense”, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 36, 57–69, 2005.
  • Güler C., Akgül M., “Enerji Üretiminde Odun ve Tarımsal Artıkların Değerlendirilmesi”, Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Sempozyumu ve Sergisi, Kayseri, 2001, 265-272.
  • Hahn-Hagerdal B., Berner S., Skoog K., “Improved Ethanol Production from Xylose with Glucose Isomerase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Respiratory Inhibitor Azide”, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 24, 287–293, 1986.
  • Hahn-Hagerdal B., Galbe M., Gorwa-Grauslund M.F., et. al., “Bio-Ethanol—The Fuel of Tomorrow From The Residues of Today”, Trends Biotechnol., 24, 549–556, 2006.
  • Hamelinck C.N., van Hooijdonk G., Faaij A.P.C., “Prospects for Ethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Techno-Economic Performance As Development Progresses”, Scientific Report- NWS-E-2003-55, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands: Copernicus Institute, Department of Science, Technology and Society, 2003, 35pp.
  • Hamelinck C.N., van Hooijdonk G., Faaij A.P.C., “Ethanol From Lignocellulosic Biomass: Techno-Economic Performance in Short-, Middle- and Long-Term”, Biomass Bioenergy, 28, 384–410, 2005.
  • Heikinheimo L., “Trichoderma reesei Cellulases In Processing of Cotton”, Espoo 2002, VTT Publications 483, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2002.
  • Howard R.L., Abotsi E., van Rensburg E.L.J., et. al., “Lignocellulose Biotechnology: Issues of Bioconversion and Enzyme Production”, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 2, 602–619, 2003.
  • Hussein M.Z.B., Rahman M.B.B.A., Yahaya A.H.J., et. al., “Oil Palm Trunk As A Raw Material for Activated Carbon Production”, J. Porous Mater., 8, 327–334, 2001.
  • Indacoechea I., Bolado S., Garcı´a-Cubero M.T., et. al., “Pretreatment Processes of Lignocellulosic Material for Bioethanol Conversion: Ozonolysis”, 17th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, Chisa, Prague, 2006.
  • Jeffries T.W., Jin Y.S., “Ethanol and Thermotolerance in The Bioconversion of Xylose By Yeasts”, Adv. Appl. Microbiol., 47, 221–268, 2000.
  • Jeoh T., “Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Cotton Gin Waste for Fuel Ethanol Production”, Master’s Thesis, Virginia Tech. University, VA, 1998.
  • Karaosmanoğlu, F., “Biyoyakıt Teknolojisi ve İTÜ arastırmaları”, ENKÜS 2006- İTÜ Enerji Çalıstayı ve Sergisi, İstanbul, 22-23 Haziran 2006.
  • Karimi K., Emtiazi G., Taherzadeh M.J., “Ethanol Production from Dilute-Acid Pretreated Rice Straw By Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation with Mucor indicus, Rhizopus oryzae, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae”, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 40, 138–144, 2006.
  • Katahira S., Mizuike A., Fukuda H., et. al., “Ethanol Fermentation from Lignocellulosic Hydrolysate By A Recombinant Xylose- and Cellooligosaccharide-Assimilating Yeast Strain”., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 72, 1136–1143, 2006.
  • Kavruk H.R., Atalay A., “Enerji Tarımına Geçiş Sürecinde Biyoyakıtlara Bakış ve Bakanlığımız Politikaları”, 4. Yeni ve Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Sempozyumu, TMMOB Makine Mühendisleri Odası, Kayseri Şubesi, 23-24 Kasım 2007,Kayseri, 2007, 71-80.
  • Kim K.H., Hong J., “Supercritical CO2 Pretreatment of Lignocellulose Enhances Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis”, Bioresource Technol., 77, 139–144, 2001.
  • Knauf M., Moniruzzaman M., “Lignocellulosic Biomass Processing: A Perspective”, Int. Sugar J., 106, 147–150, 2004.

Selülozik Biyoetanol Üretim Teknolojisi

Year 2011, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 10 - 37, 01.06.2011

Abstract

Nüfusun hızla artmasına
paralel olarak enerji tüketiminin de hızla artması, enerji kaynaklarının fosil
kökenli ve yakın gelecekte tükenme tehlikesi ile karşı karşıya olması, öte
yandan enerji fiyatlarının hızla yükselmesi ve çevresel problemlerle
karşılaşması insanları yenilenebilir temiz enerji kaynaklarına yöneltmiştir.
Fosil kökenli yakıt kaynaklarının yerine günümüzde sağladığı avantajlarıyla
özellikle enerji sektöründe kullanım alanı bulan biyoetanol üretiminin odun
biyokütlesi yerine farklı biyokütle kaynaklarından sağlanabiliyor olması
özellikle bu sektör ve ülke ekonomisi için çok önem arz etmektedir. Yıllık
bitki ve tarımsal atıkların bu sektörde değerlendirilmesiyle hem ormanlara olan
talebin azalacağı hem de var olan potansiyelleri ile orman endüstrisinde ve
enerji üretimi amaçlı kullanım alanlarında önemli bir boşluğu dolduracakları
kesindir.

References

  • Acaroğlu M., “Alternatif Enerji Kaynakları”, ISBN, 975-6574-25-9, 208-209, 2003.
  • Agbogbo F., Wenger K., “Effect Of Pretreatment Chemicals on Xylose Fermentation By Pichia stipitis”, Biotechnol. Lett., 28, 2065–2069, 2006.
  • Alizadeh H., Teymouri F., Gilbert T.I., et al., “Pretreatment of Switchgrass By Ammonia Fiber Explosion (AFEX)”, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 124, 1133–1141, 2005.
  • Aminifarshidmehr N., “The Management of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Acid Media Solution”, Am. J. Otol., 17, 24–25, 1996.
  • Anonim, 2007a. http://www.ethanolindia.net/biodiesel_india.html. [ulaşım Aralık 12, 2007].
  • Anonim, 2007b. http://www.biofuelsbusiness.com/country.asp. [ulaşım Ocak 20, 2007].
  • Anonim, 2008a.http://www.abengoabioenergy.com/bioethanol .[ulaşım Kasım 27, 2008.]
  • Anonim (2008b). www.ethanol-gec.org/information/briefing/20a. [ulaşım Haziran 22, 2008.]
  • Anonim, 2008c. www.p2pays.org/ref/38/37753. [ulaşım Mayıs 23, 2008].
  • Anonim (2010a). http://www.gidasanayii.com/ [ulaşım Haziran 21, 2010].
  • Anonim (2010b). ://www.tarimmerkezi.com/yazar_kose.php?hid=29707 [ulaşım Haziran 21, 2010].
  • Anonim (2010c). http://www.konyaseker.com.tr [ulaşım Temmuz 28, 2010].
  • Anonim (2011). http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakkaroz [ulaşım Mayıs 24, 2011].
  • Bachmann S.L., McCarthy A.J., “Purification and Cooperative Activity of Enzymes Constituting The Xylan-Degrading System of Thermomonospora fusca”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57, 2121–2130, 1991.
  • Badger P.C., “Ethanol from Cellulose: A General Review. In: Janick J, Whipkey A, editors. Trends In New Crops and New Uses. Alexandria, VA: ASHS Press, 17–21, 2002.
  • Balat M., Balat H., Öz C., “Progress In Bioethanol Processing”, Progress In Energy And Combustion Science, 34, 551–573, 2008.
  • Ballesteros I., Ballesteros M., Cabañas A., et al., “Selection of Thermotolerant Yeasts for Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Process (SSF) Of Cellulose To Ethanol”, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 28–29, 307–315, 1991.
  • Bertilsson M., “Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Spruce–A Comparison of Pretreatment Conditions and Different Enzyme Preparations”, Master Thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 2007.
  • Bothast R.J., Saha B.C., “Ethanol Production from Agricultural Biomass Substrates”, Adv. Appl. Microbiol., 44, 261–286, 1997.
  • Brink D.L., “Method of Treating Biomass Material”, US Patent 5221357, 1993.
  • Brownell H.H., Saddler J.N., “Steam Explosion Pretreatment for Enzymatic Hydrolysis”,. Biotechnol. Bioeng. Symp., 14, 55–68, 1984.
  • Brownell H.H., Saddler J.N., “Steam Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Material for Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis”, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 29, 228–235, 1987.
  • Coughlan M.P., Hazlewood G.P., “B-1,4-Xylan-Degrading Enzyme Systems: Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Applications”, Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., 17, 259–289, 1993.
  • Cao N.J., Krishnan M.S., Du J.X., et. al., “Ethanol Production From Corn Cob Pretreated By The Ammonia Steeping Process Using Genetically Engineered Yeast”, Biotechnol. Lett., 18, 1013–1018, 1996.
  • Cardona C.A., Sanchez O.J., “Fuel Ethanol Production: process Design Trends And Integration Opportunities”, Bioresource Technol., 98, 2415–2457, 2007.
  • Champagne P., “Feasibility of Producing Bio-Ethanol from Waste Residues: A Canadian Perspective, Resources”. Conserv. Recycl., 50, 211–230, 2007.
  • Chandel A.K., Es C., Rudravaram R., et. al., “Economics and Environmental Impact of Bioethanol Production Technologies: An Appraisal”, Biotechnol Molec. Biol. Rev., 2, 14–32, 2007.
  • Chen L.F., Gongi C.S., “Fermentation of Sugarcane Bagasse Hemicellulose Hydrolyzate to Xylitol By A Hydrolyzate-Acclimatized Yeast”, J. Food Sci., 50, 226–228, 1985.,
  • Chen Y., Sharma-Shivappa R.R., Chen C., “Ensiling Agricultural Residues for Bioethanol Production”, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 143, 80–92, 2007.
  • Christov L.P., Myburgh J., van Tonder A., et. al., “Hydrolysis of Extracted and Fiber-Bound Xylan with Aureobasidium pullulans Enzymes”, J. Biotechnol., 55, 21–29, 1997.
  • Dale M.C., Moelhman M., “Enzymatic Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) of Biomass to Ethanol in A Pilot 130 L Multistage Continuous Reactor Separator”, Ninth Biennial Bioenergy Conference, Buffalo, New York, October 15–19, 2000.
  • Demirbas A., “Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass Resources”, Int. J Gren. Ener., 1, 79–87, 2004.
  • Demirbas A., “Global Biofuel Strategies”. Energy Edu. Sci. Technol., 17, 32–63, 2006.
  • Demirbas A., “Bioethanol from Cellulosic Materials: A Renewable Motor Fuel from Biomass” Energy Sources., 27, 327–337, 2005.
  • Demirbas A., “Progress and Recent Trends in Biofuels”, Prog. Energy Combus Sci., 33, 1–18, 2007.
  • Deng X.X., Ho N.W.Y., “Xylulokinase Activity in Various Yeasts Including Saccharomyces cerevisiae Containing The Cloned Xylulokinase Gene”, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 24/25, 193–199, 1990.
  • Dien B.S., Kurtzman C.P., Saha B.C., et. al., “Screening for L-Arabinose Fermenting Yeasts”, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 57/58, 233–242, 1996.
  • Dien B.S., Cotta M.A., Jeffries T.W., “Bacteria Engineered for Fuel Ethanol Production: Current Status”., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 63, 258–266, 2003.
  • Doner L.W., Hicks K.B., “Isolation of Hemicellulose from Corn Fiber By Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide Extraction”, Cereal. Chem., 74, 176–181, 1997.
  • Duff S.J.B., Murray W.D., “Bioconversion of Forest Products Industry Waste Cellulosics to Fuel Ethanol: A Review”, Bioresour. Technol., 55, 1–33, 1996.
  • Eda S., Ohnishi A., Kato K., “Xylan Isolated from The Stalk of Nicotiana tabacum”, Agric. Biol. Chem., 40, 359–364, 1976.
  • Eggeman T., Elander R.T., “Process and Economic Analysis of Pretreatment Technologies”, Bioresource Technol., 96, 2019–2025, 2005.
  • Eklund R., Zacchi G., “Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Steam-Pretreated Willow”, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 17, 255–259, 1995.
  • Eliasson A., Christensson C., Wahborn C.F., et. al., “Anaerobic Xylose Fermentation By Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Harbouring XYL1, XYL2 and XKS1 in Mineral Media Chemostat Cultivations”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66, 3381–3386, 2000.
  • Filho E.X.F., Touhy M.G., Pulls J., et. al., “The Xylan-Degrading Enzyme Systems of Penicillium capsulatum and Talaromyces emersonii”, Biochem. Soc. Trans., 19, 25S, 1991.
  • Frison A., Memmert K., “Fed-Batch Process Development for Monoclonal Antibody Production With Cellferm-Pro”, Genetic Eng. News., 22, 66–67, 2002.
  • Galbe M., Zacchi G., “A Review of the Production of Ethanol from Softwood”, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 59, 618-628, 2002.
  • Gilbert H.J., Hazlewood G.P., “Bacterial Cellulases and Xylanases”, J. Gen. Microbiol., 139, 187–194, 1993.
  • Gong C.S., Chen L.F., Flickinger M.C.,et. al., “Production of Ethanol from D-Xylose By Using D-Xylose Isomerase and Yeasts”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 41, 430–436, 1981.
  • Granstorm T., Ojama H., Leisola M., “Chemostat Study of Xylitol Production By Candida guilliermondii”, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 55, 36–42, 2001.
  • Gurgel P.V., Manchilha I.M., Pecanha R.P., et. al., “Xylitol Recovery from Fermented Sugarcane Bagasse Hydrolyzate”, Bioresour. Technol., 5, 219–223, 1995.
  • Gusakov A.V., Sinitsyn A.P., Salanovich T.N., et. al., “Purification, Cloning and Characterisation Of Two Forms of Thermostable and Highly Active Cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A) Produced By The İndustrial Strain of Chrysosporium lucknowense”, Enzyme Microb. Technol., 36, 57–69, 2005.
  • Güler C., Akgül M., “Enerji Üretiminde Odun ve Tarımsal Artıkların Değerlendirilmesi”, Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Sempozyumu ve Sergisi, Kayseri, 2001, 265-272.
  • Hahn-Hagerdal B., Berner S., Skoog K., “Improved Ethanol Production from Xylose with Glucose Isomerase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Respiratory Inhibitor Azide”, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 24, 287–293, 1986.
  • Hahn-Hagerdal B., Galbe M., Gorwa-Grauslund M.F., et. al., “Bio-Ethanol—The Fuel of Tomorrow From The Residues of Today”, Trends Biotechnol., 24, 549–556, 2006.
  • Hamelinck C.N., van Hooijdonk G., Faaij A.P.C., “Prospects for Ethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Techno-Economic Performance As Development Progresses”, Scientific Report- NWS-E-2003-55, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands: Copernicus Institute, Department of Science, Technology and Society, 2003, 35pp.
  • Hamelinck C.N., van Hooijdonk G., Faaij A.P.C., “Ethanol From Lignocellulosic Biomass: Techno-Economic Performance in Short-, Middle- and Long-Term”, Biomass Bioenergy, 28, 384–410, 2005.
  • Heikinheimo L., “Trichoderma reesei Cellulases In Processing of Cotton”, Espoo 2002, VTT Publications 483, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2002.
  • Howard R.L., Abotsi E., van Rensburg E.L.J., et. al., “Lignocellulose Biotechnology: Issues of Bioconversion and Enzyme Production”, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 2, 602–619, 2003.
  • Hussein M.Z.B., Rahman M.B.B.A., Yahaya A.H.J., et. al., “Oil Palm Trunk As A Raw Material for Activated Carbon Production”, J. Porous Mater., 8, 327–334, 2001.
  • Indacoechea I., Bolado S., Garcı´a-Cubero M.T., et. al., “Pretreatment Processes of Lignocellulosic Material for Bioethanol Conversion: Ozonolysis”, 17th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, Chisa, Prague, 2006.
  • Jeffries T.W., Jin Y.S., “Ethanol and Thermotolerance in The Bioconversion of Xylose By Yeasts”, Adv. Appl. Microbiol., 47, 221–268, 2000.
  • Jeoh T., “Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Cotton Gin Waste for Fuel Ethanol Production”, Master’s Thesis, Virginia Tech. University, VA, 1998.
  • Karaosmanoğlu, F., “Biyoyakıt Teknolojisi ve İTÜ arastırmaları”, ENKÜS 2006- İTÜ Enerji Çalıstayı ve Sergisi, İstanbul, 22-23 Haziran 2006.
  • Karimi K., Emtiazi G., Taherzadeh M.J., “Ethanol Production from Dilute-Acid Pretreated Rice Straw By Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation with Mucor indicus, Rhizopus oryzae, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae”, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 40, 138–144, 2006.
  • Katahira S., Mizuike A., Fukuda H., et. al., “Ethanol Fermentation from Lignocellulosic Hydrolysate By A Recombinant Xylose- and Cellooligosaccharide-Assimilating Yeast Strain”., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 72, 1136–1143, 2006.
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There are 69 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section İç Anadolu’da Ağaçlandırma Çalışmaları
Authors

Yalçın Çöpür

Ayhan Tozluoğlu

Ömer Özyürek

Publication Date June 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çöpür, Y., Tozluoğlu, A., & Özyürek, Ö. (2011). Selülozik Biyoetanol Üretim Teknolojisi. Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 7(1), 10-37.

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