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Enzimatik Ağartma İşlemlerine Genel Bir Bakış

Year 2006, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 104 - 115, 01.12.2006

Abstract

Enzimler, ilk olarak yiyecek ve içeceklerin üretim aşamalarında, giysilerin temizlenmesinde, hastalıkların teşhisinde kullanılmaktadır. Nihayet hayatımıza büyük ölçüde girmiş olup, enzim kullanabilecek en büyük alanlardan biri de selüloz ve kağıt endüstrisi olarak bildirilmektedir. Özellikle kağıt hamurunun ağartılmasında bilinen geleneksel yöntemlerin sahip oldukları dezavantajlar onların kullanımını sınırlamakta ve çevre dostu üretim prosesleri daha da önem kazanmaktadır. Artan hamur verimi yanında gelişen lif özellikleri ve azalan çevre problemleri kağıt endüstrisinde enzim kullanılmasını doğuran başlıca nedenler olmuştur. Kağıt endüstrisinde enzim kullanımının etkisini daha iyi anlayabilmek amacıyla çalışmamızda enzimlerin yapısı ve karakteristik özellikleri hakkında geniş bilgiler verilmiş olup, kağıt hamurunda meydana getirdiği değişikler değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca ağartmada kullanılan enzim tiplerine değinilmiş ve enzimatik aktiviteyi etkileyen faktörler üzerinde durulmuştur.

References

  • Bostancı, Ş., 1987, Kağıt Hamurunun Üretimi ve Ağartma Teknolojisi, Karadeniz Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Karadeniz Üniversitesi Basımevi (114/13), Trabzon, 358-380.
  • Bourbonnais, R., Paice, M. G., Reid, I. D., 1992, Lignin Oxidation and Pulp Delignification by Laccase of Trametes versicolor in the Presence of ABTS, Fifth International Conference on Biotechnology in the Pulp and Paper Industry Proceedings, Kyoto, p. 181.
  • Call, H. P. and Mücke, I., 1994, State of the Art of Enzyme Bleaching and Disclosure of a Breakthrough Process, Paper Presented at Non-Chlorine Bleaching Conference Proceedings.
  • Chauvet, J. M., Comtat, J., Noe, P., 1987, Assistance in Bleaching of Never-Dried Pulp by the use of Xylanases, Consequence on Pulp Properties, International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry Notes, ATIP, Paris, p. 325.
  • Clark, T. A., Mc Donald, A. G., Senior, D. J., Mayers, P. R. in Biotechnology in Pulp and Paper Manufacture (T. K. Kirk and H-m. Chang, Eds.), Buttersworth- Heinemann, Boston 1989, pp. 153-167.
  • Coşkun, M., Pulat, E., 1983, Kinetic Studies on the Catronic Polymerization of Styrene Catalyzed by Phophorus pentoxide, A.Ü. Fen Fakültesi Yayınları, 1157, 1-7.
  • Dence, C. W., Reeve, D. W., 1996, Pulp Bleaching, Tappi Pres, Technology Park/Atlanta, USA.
  • Eriksson, K-E. and Kirk, T. K., 1985, Biopulping, Biobleaching and Treatment of Kraft Bleaching Effluents with White Rot Fungi. In Comprehensive Biotechnology, 271-294. Moo-Young, M. ed. Pergamon Pres, New York.
  • Eriksson, K. E., Blanchette, R. A., Ander, P., 1990, in Microbial and Enzymatik Dagradation of Wood and Wood Components (T. E. Timell, Ed.) Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Chap. 2.
  • Eroğlu, H., 1990, Kağıt ve Karton Üretim Teknolojisi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları 2. Baskı Fakülte Yayın No:6, 80-122.
  • Farrell, R. L., 1986, Kraft Pulp Bleaching with Ligninolytic Enzymes, Third International Conference on Biotechnology in the Pulp and Paper Industry Proceedins, STFI, Stockholm, p. 86.
  • Glen, J. K., Morgan, M. A., Mayfield, M. B., Kuwahara, M., Gold, M. H., 1983, An Extracellular H2O2-requiring Enzyme Preparation Involved in Lignin Biodagradation by the White Rot Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 114:1077-1083
  • Gold, M. H., Glenn, J. K., Mayfield, M. B., Morgan, M. A., Kustuki, H., 1983, In Recent Advances in Lignin Biodagradation Research (T.Higuchi, H.-m. Chang, T. K. Kirk, Eds.) Uni, Tokyo, p. 219.
  • Grant, R., 1994, A Review on the Enzyme Usages in the Paper Industry, Pulp Paper International, 36(8) 20.
  • Kantalinen, A., Ranua, M. Ratto, M., Viikari, L., Sundquist, J., Linko, M.,” Hemicellulases and Their Potential Role in Bleaching”, 1988 TAPPI International Pulp Bleaching Conference Proceedings, TAPPI PRESS, Atlanta, p. 1.
  • Kirk, T. K., Jeffries, T. W., Leatham, G., 1983, Biotechnology: Applications and İmplications fort he Pulp and Paper Industry, Tappi J. (66) 5:45.
  • Kirk, T. K., Jeffries, T. W., 1996, Roles for Microbial Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Processing, Institute for Microbial and Biochemistry Technology, chapter 1, 3-11.
  • Kutay, F., 1983, Enzimler, Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı, 577.1(075.8)276467, 1-25.
  • Lavielle, P., Koljonen, M., Piioinen, P., Koponen, R., Reid, D., Frederiksson, R., 1992, Three Large Scale Uses of Xylanases in Kraft Pulp Bleaching , Proceedings, SPCI, Bologna, p. 203.
  • Madlala, A. M., Bissoon, S., 2001, Xylanase-Induced Reduction of Chlorine Dioxide Consumption During Elemental Chlorine-Free Bleaching of Different Pulp Types, Biotechnology Letters, (23):45-351.
  • Miller, G. L., 1959, Dinitrosallicylic Acid Reagents for Determination of Reducing Sugars, Analytical Chemistry, (31)426-428.
  • Muheim, A., Fiechter, A., Harvey, P. C., Schoemaker, H. E., 1992. On the Mechanism of Oxidation oh Non-phenolic Lignin Model Compounds by the Lacasse ABTS Couple, Holtzforschung 36:121-126.
  • Nevzat, Ö., Aydeğer, N., Can, A., 1994, Some Properties of Aspartate Aminotransferase Isoenzymes from Soybean Needs, İ.Ü.Merkez Kütüphanesi Yayınları, 1005, 2-6.
  • Rowe, J., 1994. Dictionary of Science, ed: Lafferty, P. and Brockhampton Press, London.
  • Torres, A. L., Roncero, M. B., Colom, J. F., Pastor, F. I. J., Blanco, A., Vidal, T., 2000, Effect of a Novel Enzyme on Fibre Morphology During ECF Bleaching of Oxygen Delignified Eucalyptus Kraft Pulps, Bioresource Technology (74):135-140.
  • Viikari, L., Ranua, M., Kantalinen, A., Linko, M., Sundquist, J., 1987, Third International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry Notes, ATIP, Paris, p. 151.
  • http://www.biltek.tubitak.gov.tr/bdergi/yeniufuk/icerik/hucre.pdf
Year 2006, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 104 - 115, 01.12.2006

Abstract

References

  • Bostancı, Ş., 1987, Kağıt Hamurunun Üretimi ve Ağartma Teknolojisi, Karadeniz Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Karadeniz Üniversitesi Basımevi (114/13), Trabzon, 358-380.
  • Bourbonnais, R., Paice, M. G., Reid, I. D., 1992, Lignin Oxidation and Pulp Delignification by Laccase of Trametes versicolor in the Presence of ABTS, Fifth International Conference on Biotechnology in the Pulp and Paper Industry Proceedings, Kyoto, p. 181.
  • Call, H. P. and Mücke, I., 1994, State of the Art of Enzyme Bleaching and Disclosure of a Breakthrough Process, Paper Presented at Non-Chlorine Bleaching Conference Proceedings.
  • Chauvet, J. M., Comtat, J., Noe, P., 1987, Assistance in Bleaching of Never-Dried Pulp by the use of Xylanases, Consequence on Pulp Properties, International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry Notes, ATIP, Paris, p. 325.
  • Clark, T. A., Mc Donald, A. G., Senior, D. J., Mayers, P. R. in Biotechnology in Pulp and Paper Manufacture (T. K. Kirk and H-m. Chang, Eds.), Buttersworth- Heinemann, Boston 1989, pp. 153-167.
  • Coşkun, M., Pulat, E., 1983, Kinetic Studies on the Catronic Polymerization of Styrene Catalyzed by Phophorus pentoxide, A.Ü. Fen Fakültesi Yayınları, 1157, 1-7.
  • Dence, C. W., Reeve, D. W., 1996, Pulp Bleaching, Tappi Pres, Technology Park/Atlanta, USA.
  • Eriksson, K-E. and Kirk, T. K., 1985, Biopulping, Biobleaching and Treatment of Kraft Bleaching Effluents with White Rot Fungi. In Comprehensive Biotechnology, 271-294. Moo-Young, M. ed. Pergamon Pres, New York.
  • Eriksson, K. E., Blanchette, R. A., Ander, P., 1990, in Microbial and Enzymatik Dagradation of Wood and Wood Components (T. E. Timell, Ed.) Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Chap. 2.
  • Eroğlu, H., 1990, Kağıt ve Karton Üretim Teknolojisi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları 2. Baskı Fakülte Yayın No:6, 80-122.
  • Farrell, R. L., 1986, Kraft Pulp Bleaching with Ligninolytic Enzymes, Third International Conference on Biotechnology in the Pulp and Paper Industry Proceedins, STFI, Stockholm, p. 86.
  • Glen, J. K., Morgan, M. A., Mayfield, M. B., Kuwahara, M., Gold, M. H., 1983, An Extracellular H2O2-requiring Enzyme Preparation Involved in Lignin Biodagradation by the White Rot Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 114:1077-1083
  • Gold, M. H., Glenn, J. K., Mayfield, M. B., Morgan, M. A., Kustuki, H., 1983, In Recent Advances in Lignin Biodagradation Research (T.Higuchi, H.-m. Chang, T. K. Kirk, Eds.) Uni, Tokyo, p. 219.
  • Grant, R., 1994, A Review on the Enzyme Usages in the Paper Industry, Pulp Paper International, 36(8) 20.
  • Kantalinen, A., Ranua, M. Ratto, M., Viikari, L., Sundquist, J., Linko, M.,” Hemicellulases and Their Potential Role in Bleaching”, 1988 TAPPI International Pulp Bleaching Conference Proceedings, TAPPI PRESS, Atlanta, p. 1.
  • Kirk, T. K., Jeffries, T. W., Leatham, G., 1983, Biotechnology: Applications and İmplications fort he Pulp and Paper Industry, Tappi J. (66) 5:45.
  • Kirk, T. K., Jeffries, T. W., 1996, Roles for Microbial Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Processing, Institute for Microbial and Biochemistry Technology, chapter 1, 3-11.
  • Kutay, F., 1983, Enzimler, Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı, 577.1(075.8)276467, 1-25.
  • Lavielle, P., Koljonen, M., Piioinen, P., Koponen, R., Reid, D., Frederiksson, R., 1992, Three Large Scale Uses of Xylanases in Kraft Pulp Bleaching , Proceedings, SPCI, Bologna, p. 203.
  • Madlala, A. M., Bissoon, S., 2001, Xylanase-Induced Reduction of Chlorine Dioxide Consumption During Elemental Chlorine-Free Bleaching of Different Pulp Types, Biotechnology Letters, (23):45-351.
  • Miller, G. L., 1959, Dinitrosallicylic Acid Reagents for Determination of Reducing Sugars, Analytical Chemistry, (31)426-428.
  • Muheim, A., Fiechter, A., Harvey, P. C., Schoemaker, H. E., 1992. On the Mechanism of Oxidation oh Non-phenolic Lignin Model Compounds by the Lacasse ABTS Couple, Holtzforschung 36:121-126.
  • Nevzat, Ö., Aydeğer, N., Can, A., 1994, Some Properties of Aspartate Aminotransferase Isoenzymes from Soybean Needs, İ.Ü.Merkez Kütüphanesi Yayınları, 1005, 2-6.
  • Rowe, J., 1994. Dictionary of Science, ed: Lafferty, P. and Brockhampton Press, London.
  • Torres, A. L., Roncero, M. B., Colom, J. F., Pastor, F. I. J., Blanco, A., Vidal, T., 2000, Effect of a Novel Enzyme on Fibre Morphology During ECF Bleaching of Oxygen Delignified Eucalyptus Kraft Pulps, Bioresource Technology (74):135-140.
  • Viikari, L., Ranua, M., Kantalinen, A., Linko, M., Sundquist, J., 1987, Third International Symposium on Wood and Pulping Chemistry Notes, ATIP, Paris, p. 151.
  • http://www.biltek.tubitak.gov.tr/bdergi/yeniufuk/icerik/hucre.pdf
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section İç Anadolu’da Ağaçlandırma Çalışmaları
Authors

Mehmet Akgül This is me

Ayhan Tozluoğlu

Publication Date December 1, 2006
Published in Issue Year 2006 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Akgül, M., & Tozluoğlu, A. (2006). Enzimatik Ağartma İşlemlerine Genel Bir Bakış. Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi, 2(2), 104-115.

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