A New Locality Record for Cancer Stain of Plane Agent Ceratocystis platani in Türkiye

Year 2024, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 103 - 118, 28.12.2024

Refika Ceyda Beram , Sultan Akyol

https://doi.org/10.58816/duzceod.1425398

Abstract

Ceratocystis platani is an invasive fungus that causes the disease known as “canker stain of plane”. The disease, caused by the pathogen, is also known as “plane tree cancer” or plane tree wilting. This non-native pathogenic organism is able to overcome geographical barriers due to factors such as international trade and human activities, posing a serious threat to ecosystem health by reaching new environments. This agent is an aggressive wound pathogen specialized in Platanus species. Growing in the xylem, it leads to the blockage of vascular bundles, thereby causing the tree to die rapidly. This fungus is also subject to serious quarantine measures and has been recognized as a quarantine organism by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). In the eastern United States, California, and southern Europe, tens of thousands of trees have died due to this vascular wilt disease in both urban and rural areas. To date, it has been reported in Europe in Albania, Armenia, France, Greece, Italy, Switzerland, and Türkiye-Istanbul. In this study, the presence of C. platani was recorded for the first time in the Platanus orientalis in Denizli province, Türkiye. The presence of the fungus was identified using Taqman probe-based Real-time PCR on wood samples obtained from a fallen plane tree in the city center due to wind. Subsequently, isolations of the fungus were performed using the carrot inoculation method and aquarium trap methods. After the isolates were morphologically characterized, molecular characterization studies were carried out using the ITS region (internal transcribed spacer). BLAST analysis of the ITS sequence confirmed the identification of the isolates by showing 99-100% similarity to previously reported C. platani sequences.

Keywords

Canker stain of plane, Ceratocystis platani, Invasive alien pathogen, New locality, Denizli

Türkiye’de Çınar Kanser Lekesi Etmeni Ceratocystis platani İçin Yeni Bir Lokalite Kaydı

Abstract

Ceratocystis platani, “çınar kanser lekesi” hastalığına neden olan yabancı istilacı bir fungustur. Patojenin senep olduğu hastalık, “çınar kanseri” ya da çınar solgunluğu olarak da adlandırılmaktadır. Yerel olmayan bu patojenik organizma uluslararası ticaret ve insan faaliyetleri gibi nedenlerle coğrafi engelleri aşarak yeni ortamlara ulaşmakta ve ekosistem sağlığı üzerinde ciddi tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu etmen Platanus türlerine özelleşmiş agresif bir yara patojenidir. Ksilemde büyüyerek iletim demetlerinin tıkanmasına, böylece kısa bir sürede ağacın ölümüne neden olmaktadır. Bu fungus aynı zamanda ciddi karantina tedbirlerine tabidir. Avrupa ve Akdeniz Bitki Koruma Örgütünce (EPPO) karantina organizması olarak kabul edilmiştir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin doğusunda, Kaliforniya'da ve güney Avrupa'da hem kentsel hem de kırsal alanlarda on binlerce ağaç bu iletim demeti hastalığı nedeniyle ölmüştür. Bugüne kadar Avrupa’da; Arnavutluk, Ermenistan, Fransa, Yunanistan, İtalya, İsviçre ve Türkiye-İstanbul’da rapor edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, C. platani’nin varlığı Türkiye’de Denizli ilinde Platanus orientalis türünde ilk kez kayıt altına alınmıştır. Kent merkezinde rüzgar nedeniyle devrilen çınar ağacından alınan odun örneklerinde Taqman prob bazlı Real-time PCR kullanılarak fungusun varlığı tanımlanmıştır. Havuç inokulasyon metodu ve akvaryum tuzak metotları kullanılarak fungusun izolasyonları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen izolatlar morfolojik olarak karakterize edildikten sonra, ITS bölgesi (internal transcribed spacer) kullanılarak moleküler karakterizasyon çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. ITS dizisinin BLAST analizi, daha önce bildirilen C. platani dizilerine %99-100 benzerlik göstererek izolat tanımlanmasını doğrulamıştır.

Keywords

Çınar kanseri, Ceratocystis platani, Yabancı istilacı patojen, Yeni lokalite, Denizli.

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