The Use of EEG-Based Neurofeedback Method in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Abstract

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that can develop following life-threatening traumatic events. Electroencephalography-based neurofeedback is a non-invasive method that aims to modify electroencephalography wave activity patterns specific to different states of consciousness and emotion by biofeedback within the framework of operant conditioning to achieve the desired skills. This method is used as an alternative treatment for many neuropsychiatric diseases involving post-traumatic stress disorder. In this review, Pubmed, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, ULAKBIM databases were searched and 14 studies were evaluated using different neurofeedback treatment protocols to evaluate the effectiveness of electroencephalography-based neurofeedback method in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Findings showed that electroencephalography-based neurofeedback method has significantly different positive effects on the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and the improvement of symptoms depending on specific treatment protocols. More comprehensive controlled studies should be aimed at intended for sustained positive effect of electroencephalography-based neurofeedback treatment to put forward the exact mechanisms of electroencephalography-based neurofeedback method on post-traumatic stress disorder treatment and to determine standardized treatment protocols specific to the individual and /or symptoms of the disorder, also taking into using medication therapist-patient characteristics, and other therapeutic processes, including other factors that may affect post- traumatic stress disorder treatment.

Keywords

• Electroencephalography biofeedback,neurofeedback,treatment protocols,post-traumatic stress disorder,psychotherapy

Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğunun Tedavisinde EEG-Dayalı Nörofeedback Yönteminin Kullanımı

Abstract

Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu, hayatı tehdit edici travmatik olayları takiben gelişebilen mental bir bozukluktur. Elektroensefalografi dayalı nörofeedback, farklı bilinç ve duygu durumlarına özgü elektroensefalografi dalga aktivitesi modellerinin, kişinin istenilen becerileri elde etmesi için edimsel (operant) koşullanma çerçevesi içinde biyofeedback yolu ile değiştirilmesini amaçlayan, girişimsel olmayan bir yöntemdir. Bu yöntem, travma sonrası stres bozukluğunu da içeren birçok nöropskiyatrik hastalıklarda alternatif tedavi yöntemi olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu tedavisinde elektroensefalografi dayalı nörofeedback yöntemin etkinliğini değerlendirmek için, Pubmed, EMBASE, EBSCOhost, ULAKBİM veri tabanları taranmış ve farklı nörofeedback tedavi protokolleri kullanan 14 çalışma incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme sonucu, farklı tedavi protokollerine bağlı olarak, özgün olası etki mekanizmaları üzerinden elektroensefalografi dayalı nörofeedback yönteminin uygulanmasının, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu tedavisi ve semptomlarının iyileştirilmesi üzerinde anlamlı derecede olumlu etkiler gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Elektroensefalografi dayalı nörofeedback yöntemimin, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu tedavisi üzerinde kesin etki mekanizmalarını ortaya koyabilmek ve bireye ve/veya hastalığın semptomlarına özgü standardize tedavi protokollerini belirleyebilmek, ilaç kullanımı, terapist-hasta özellikleri ve diğer terapötik süreçleri gibi travma sonrası stres bozukluğu tedavisine etki edebilecek diğer faktörleri de hesaba katarak, elektroensefalografi dayalı nörofeedback tedavisinin uzun süreli olumlu etkisinin araştırılmasına yönelik, daha kapsamlı kontrollü çalışmaların yapılması hedeflenmelidir.

Keywords

• Elektroensefalografi biyofeedback,nörofeedback,tedavi protokolleri,travma sonrası stres bozukluğu,psikoterapi

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