The Effect of Coronavirus Disease on Nutrition and Physical Activity Status of Adults; COVID-19 and Nutrition

Abstract

Aim: This research was planned to evaluate the nutritional and physical activity status of adult individuals before and during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Material and Methods: 579 adult individuals aged 20-65 years participated in this descriptive and comparative study. The novel coronavirus is transmitted through respiration and droplet. For this reason, the questionnaire was not made face-to-face in order to protect against the virus and was sent to volunteers in electronic environment. In the study, McNemar test, McNemar-Bowker test and Paired sample t test were used to compare the nutritional habits and physical activity status before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the pandemic period. Results: It was determined that the individuals with the average age of 30.8 ± 8.9 years were the most preferred vitamin D (44.3%) and the most preferred mineral was zinc (21.4%) for protection from COVID-19. It was found that individuals skipped lunch more than during the pandemic period (p <0.001). In contrast, it has been determined that there is a significant increase in consumption of three or more snacks per day (p <0.001). It was shown in our study that individuals' sleep duration increased and moderate levels of physical activity decreased during the pandemic period (p <0.001). In addition, there was a significant difference in meat, eggs, nuts, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereal products, sugary foods and coffee consumption (p <0.05). There was no significant change in consumption of legumes, junk food, black tea, herbal tea, alcohol, cola and carbonated drinks (p> 0.05). Conclusion: According to the data obtained from the study, it can be said that there is an increase in the frequency of food consumption and a decrease in the duration of physical activity, mostly during the COVID-19 pandemic period. However, it should be noted that the implementation of healthy lifestyle behaviors is among the important measures to be taken against COVID-19.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• dietary supplements
• nutrition status

Koronavirüs Hastalığı’nın Yetişkinlerin Beslenme ve Fiziksel Aktivite Durumuna Etkisi; COVID-19 ve Beslenme

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırma Yeni Koronavirüs Hastalığı’ndan (COVID-19) önce ve hastalık döneminde yetişkin bireylerin beslenme ve fiziksel aktivite durumlarını değerlendirmek amacıyla planlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Karşılaştırmalı ve tanımlayıcı tipteki bu araştırmaya yaşları 20-65 yaş arasında olan 579 yetişkin birey katılmıştır. Yeni tip koronavirüsün solunum ve damlacık yoluyla bulaşmaktadır. Bu nedenle virüsten korunmak amacıyla anket yüz yüze yapılmayıp, elektronik ortamda gönüllü katılımcılara ulaştırılmıştır. Araştırmada COVID-19 pandemisinden önce ve pandemi dönemindeki beslenme alışkanlıkları ve fiziksel aktivite durumunu karşılaştırmak amacıyla bağımlı gruplarda t testi, McNemar ve McNemar-Bowker testleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 30,8 ±8,9 yıl olan bireylerin, COVID-19’dan korunmak için en çok tercih ettikleri vitaminin D vitamini (%44,3) ve en çok tercih ettikleri mineralin ise çinko (%21,4) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bireylerin pandemi döneminde pandemi öncesine göre öğle öğününü daha çok atladıkları saptanmıştır (p<0,001). Bunun aksine günlük üç ve daha fazla ara öğün tüketiminde anlamlı bir artışın olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0,001). Pandemi döneminde bireylerin uyku süresinin arttığı ve orta düzeyde fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin ise azaldığı çalışmamızda gösterilmiştir (p<0,001). Ayrıca et, yumurta, kuruyemiş, süt ve ürünleri, meyve, sebze, tahıl ürünleri, şekerli yiyecek ve kahve tüketimde anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Kurubaklagil, abur cubur, siyah çay, bitki çayı, alkol, kola ve gazlı içeceklerin tüketiminde önemli bir değişme saptanmamıştır (p>0,05). Sonuç: Çalışmadan elde edilen verilere göre, bireylerin COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde çoğunlukla besin tüketim sıklığında artış ve fiziksel aktivite süresinde azalma olduğu söylenebilir. Ancak sağlıklı yaşam tarzı davranışlarının uygulanması COVID-19’a karşı alınacak önemli tedbirler arasında olduğu unutulmamalıdır.

Keywords

• COVID-19
• beslenme durumu
• besin destekleri

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