Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among Pregnant Women in Isparta Province, Turkey
Year 2017,
Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 133 - 136, 19.10.2017
Orhan Akpınar
,
Hatice Akpınar
,
Esra Şendil Keskin
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis infection is a common zoonotic disease caused by the compulsory intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Infection is generally asymptomatic. It can cause congenital anomaly when infected during pregnancy, it can also cause stillbirth, miscarriage, and preterm labor. The aim of this study is detection of Toxoplasma IgG and Toxoplasma IgM prevalence in first-trimester pregnant women. Pregnant women admitted to the obstetrics and gynecology clinic of Isparta Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital between January 2013 and December 2013 have been included to this study. Results of Toxoplasma IgM and IgG were analyzed retrospectively. Serum specimens were studied by the method of macroelisa. Frequency, percentage, mean±standard deviations of data were calculated with SPSS 18.0, and the relationships between variables were evaluated by Chi-square test. In our study, 3140 serum specimens in total have been analyzed. A total of 1937 serum specimens were analyzed for Toxoplasma IgM and positivity was detected in 1.8% (n=34). For toxoplasma IgG also 1213 serum specimen were analyzed in total and the ratio of seropositive cases were detected as 28.4% (n=344). Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity has been detected at a considerable level in the region where we did our study. Pregnant women and mothers who consider planned pregnancy should be evaluated for Toxoplasmosis. Serology in pregnancy should be tested, and acute infection should be diagnosed and treated. Seronegative pregnant women should be controlled periodically and appropriate treatment should be given in congenital toxoplasmosis.
References
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- 2.Montoya JG, Kovacs JA, Remington JS. Toxoplasma gondii. In: Mandell Gl, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 6th ed, Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, , 2005: 3170-3198.
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Isparta Bölgesinde Gebe Kadınlarda Toxoplazma gondii Seroprevalansı
Year 2017,
Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 133 - 136, 19.10.2017
Orhan Akpınar
,
Hatice Akpınar
,
Esra Şendil Keskin
Abstract
Toksoplazmoz enfeksiyonu, zorunlu hücre içi paraziti Toxoplasma gondii’nin neden olduğu, sık görülen zoonotik bir hastalıktır. Enfeksiyon genellikle asemptomatik seyreder. Gebelik döneminde geçirildiğinde konjenital anomali yapabileceği gibi, ölü doğum, erken doğum ve düşüklere sebep olabilir. Çalışmada hamile kadınların ilk trimesterinde Toxoplasma IgG ve Toxoplasma IgM prevalansının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Ocak 2013-Aralık 2013 tarihleri arasında Isparta Kadın Doğum ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum polikliniğine başvuran gebe kadınlar araştırmaya dahil edildi. Toksoplazma Ig M ve Ig G sonuçları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Serum önekleri makroeliza yöntemi ile çalışıldı. Veriler için SPSS 18.0 programı kullanılarak frekans, yüzde, ortalama±standart sapma değerleri hesaplandı ve değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler Ki-kare testi ile incelendi. Araştırmamızda, toplam 3140 serum örneği değerlendirilmiştir. Toksoplazma IgM için toplam 1937 serum örneği incelenmiş ve %1.8 (n=34) oranında pozitiflik saptandı. Toksoplazma IgG için ise toplam 1213 serum örneği incelendi ve seropozitif olguların oranı %28,4 (n=344) olarak tespit edildi. Çalışma yaptığımız bölgede Toksoplazma gondi seropozitifliğinin dikkate değer düzeyde olduğu gözlenmiştir. Gebe kadınlar ve planlı gebelik düşünen anne adayları Toxoplasmozis açısından mutlaka değerlendirilmelidir. Gebelikte serolojik test yapılarak akut enfeksiyon teşhis ve tedavi edilmelidir. Seronegatif gebeler periyodik olarak kontrol edilmeli ve konjenital toksoplazmozda uygun tedavi yapılmalıdır.
References
- 1.Kravetz JD, Federman DG. Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Am J Med 2005; 118: 212-216.
- 2.Montoya JG, Kovacs JA, Remington JS. Toxoplasma gondii. In: Mandell Gl, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 6th ed, Churchill Livingstone, Philadelphia, , 2005: 3170-3198.
- 3. Montoya JG, Liesenfeld O. Toxoplasmosis. Lancet 2004; 363: 1965-1976.
- 4.Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans. Int J Parasitol 2000; 30: 1217-1258.
- 5.Murray Patrick R. ,Rosenthal, Ken S. ,Pfaller Michael A. Medical Microbiology, 6th Edition 2009:361-63
- 6.Jones JL, Lopez A, Wilson M,2003. Congenital toxoplasmosis. AM Fam Phys 67: 2131-2138
- 7. Jenum PA, Stray-Pedersen B, Melby KK, Kapperud G, Whitelaw A, Eskild A, Eng J. Incidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in 35,940 pregnant women in Norway and pregnancy outcome for infected women. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 2900-2906.
- 8. Havelaar AH, Kemmeren JM, Kortbeek LM. Disease burden of congenital toxoplasmosis. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44: 1467-1474.
- 9.T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Temel Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Zoonotik Hastalıklar Daire Başkanlığı : Zoonotik Hastalıklar Hizmetiçi Eğitim Modülü TOKSOPLAZMOZ Ankara, 2011 167-169
- 10.Wong SY, Remington JS. Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Clin Infect Dis 1994;18: 853–861.
- 11.Wailand G. Serology and immunodiagnostic methods. Mehlhorn H. Ed.Parasitology in Focus. Springer-Verlag, 1998:679.
- 12.Jones JL, Kruszon- Moran D, Wilson M, McQuillan G, Navin T, McAuley JB. Toxoplasma gondii infection in the Unite d States: Seroprevalence and risk factors. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 154: 357-65
- 13.Avelino MM, Campos Jr.D, Parada JCB, and Castro AM. Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Women of Childbearing Age. Braz J Infect Dis, 2004; 8: 164-174.
- 14.Berger F, Goulet V, Le Strat Y, Desenclos JC. Toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in France: Risk factors and change of prevalence between 1995 and 2003. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2009; 57: 241-248.
- 15.Nash JQ, Chissel S, Jones J, Warburton F, Verlander NQ. Risk factors for toxoplasmosis in pregnant women in Kent, United Kingdom. Epidemiol Infect 2005; 133: 475-483
- 16.Jenum PA, Stray-Pedersen B, Melby KK, Kapperud G, Whitelaw A, Eskild A, Eng J. Incidence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in 35,940 pregnant women in Norway and pregnancy outcome for infected women. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36: 2900-2906.
- 17.Bouhamdan SF, Bitar LK, Saghir HJ, Bayan A, Araj G F. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies among individuals tested at hospitals and private laboratories in Beirut. J Med Liban 2010; 58: 8-11.
- 18.Onadeko MO, Joynson DH, Payne RA. The prevalence of Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Trop Med Hyg 1992; 95: 143-5.
- 19.Bayman G, Suay A, Atmaca S, Yayla M. Gebelerde toksoplazma seropozitifliği. Türkiye Parazitol Derg 1998; 22: 359-61.
- 20.Ocak S, Zeteroğlu S, Ozer C, Dolapcioglu K, Gungoren A. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in southern Turkey. Scand J Infect Dis 2007; 39: 231-4
- 21.Tamer GS, Dundar D, Caliskan E. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, rubella and cytomegalovirus among pregnant women in western region of Turkey. Clin In-vest Med. 2009 ;32(1):43-7.
- 22.Karabulut A , Polat Y, Türk M , Işık BY Evaluation of rubella, Toxoplasma gondii, and cytomegalovirus seroprevalences among pregnant women in Denizli province. Turk J Med Sci 2011; 41 (1): 159-164
- 23.Ertuğ S, Okyay P, Turkme n M, Yuksel H. Se roprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in Aydin province, Turkey. BMC Public Health 2005; 5: 66.
- 24.Toklu GD. Antibodies Frequency Against Toxoplasmosis, Rubella Virus and Cytomegalovirus in Pregnant Women J Clin Anal Med 2013;4(1): 38-40
- 25.Güneş H, Kaya S, Çetin ES, Taş T, Demirci M. Reprodüktif çağdaki kadınlarda toksoplazmosis seroprevalansı. Med J SDU 2008; 15: 21-4.