Karbonhidrat ve Yağ Metabolizmasında D-alluloz (D-psikoz)

Year 2019, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 188 - 195, 30.09.2019

Mustafa Özgür , Aslı Uçar

https://doi.org/10.33631/duzcesbed.469828

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Değişen
yaşam koşulları nedeniyle obezite ve obezite ile ilişkili endokrin
hastalıkların görülme sıklığı artmıştır. Bu hastalıkların önlenmesinde yaşam
tarzı değişikliklerine ek tedavi seçenekleri aranmaya başlamıştır. D-alluloz
fruktozun 3. karbon epimeridir ve doğada nadiren bulunmaktadır. D- alluloz,
güçlü antioksidan etkileri, bağırsak sindirim enzimlerine karşı inhibe edici
aktivitesi, hepatik çekirdekten sitoplazmaya glukokinazın translokasyonu ve
intestinal mukoza yoluyla glukozla rekabetçi transport gibi çeşitli
mekanizmalar yoluyla aktivite göstermektedir. Ayrıca, yağların metabolizması
ile ilgili olarak antihiperlipidemik, antihipertrigliseridemik etkileri de
bulunmaktadır. D-alluloz ile ilgili ratlar üzerinde yapılan toksisite
çalışmalarında herhangi bir yan etkisi gösterilmemiş ve güvenli olarak kabul
edilmiştir. Oral yol ile alınan monosakkaritlerin emilimini azaltması, yağ
asidi oksidasyonunu arttırırken, glukoz oksidasyonunu baskılaması gibi
etkilerinden dolayı obezite ve ilişkili hastalıkların tedavisinde yaşam tarzı
değişikliği ile beraber alternatif bir tedavi yöntemi olarak düşünülebilir.

Keywords

Obezite, diyabet, karbonhidrat metabolizması, lipid metabolizması

D-allulose (D-psicose) in Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism

Abstract

Due to changing living conditions, the incidence of
obesity and endocrine diseases related to obesity has increased. In addition to
lifestyle changes, alternative treatment options are being sought in the
prevention of these diseases. D-allulose is the 3rd carbon epimer of fructose
and is rarely found in nature. D-allulose shows activity through various
mechanisms such as strong antioxidant effects, inhibitory activity against
intestinal digestive enzymes, translocation of glucokinase from hepatic nucleus
to cytoplasm and competitive transport by glucose through intestinal mucosa. In
addition, there are antihyperlipidemic, antihypertriglyceridemic effects
related to lipid metabolism. Toxicity studies on D-allulose-related rats did
not show any side effects and were considered safe. Reducing absorption of oral
monosaccharides can be thought of as an alternative treatment modality with
obesity and lifestyle changes due to its effects such as suppressing glucose
oxidation while increasing fatty acid oxidation.

Keywords

Obesity, diabetes mellitus, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism

References

• 1. TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumu. Türkiye sağlıklı beslenme ve hareketli hayat programı. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2013.
• 2. Bereket A, Atay Z. Current status of childhood obesity and its associated morbidities in Turkey. Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology. 2012; 4(1): 1-7.
• 3. Yeşilkaya E, Cinaz P, Andıran N, Bideci A, Hatun Ş, Sarı E ve ark. First report on the nationwide incidence and prevalence of Type 1 diabetes among children in Turkey. Diabetic Medicine. 2017; 34(3): 405-10.
• 4. TURDEP Çalışma Grubu. TURDEP-2 sonuçlarının özetleri. Satman I. 32. TEMD Kongresi; 2010; Antalya.
• 5. Giugliano D, Esposito K. Mediterranean diet and metabolic diseases. Current Opinion in Lipidology. 2008; 19(1): 63-8.
• 6. Borges M C, Louzada M L, de Sá T H, Laverty AA, Parra DC, Garzillo JMF, et al. Artificially sweetened beverages and the response to the global obesity crisis. PLoS medicine. 2017; 14(1): e1002195.
• 7. WHO. Noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors. London: The Lancet Global Health; [Updated: 5 Sep 18; Cited: 26 Sep 18] Available from: http://www.who.int/ncds/prevention/physical-activity/lancet-global-health-insufficient-physical-activity-2001-2016/en/.
• 8. Asif M. The prevention and control the type-2 diabetes by changing lifestyle and dietary pattern. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2014: 3(1): 1-8. doi: 10.4103/2277-9531.127541.
• 9. Nagata Y, Mizuta N, Kanasaki A, Tanaka K. Rare sugars, d-allulose, d-tagatose and d-sorbose, differently modulate lipid metabolism in rats. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2018; 98(5): 2020-6.
• 10. Yan Tang S. Rare Sugars: Applications and Enzymatic Production. Biocatalysis and Biotransformation. 2012; 1(2): 363-8.
• 11. Matsuo T, Izumori K. Effects of dietary D-psicose on diurnal variation in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations of rats. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 2006; 70(9): 2081-5.
• 12. Hossain M A, Kitagaki S, Nakano D, Nishiyama A, Funamoto Y, Matsunaga T. Rare sugar D-psicose improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2011; 405(1): 7-12.
• 13. Iida T, Yamada T, Hayashi N, Okuma K, Izumori K, Ishii R. Reduction of abdominal fat accumulation in rats by 8-week ingestion of a newly developed sweetener made from high fructose corn syrup. Food Chemistry. 2013; 138(2-3): 781-5.
• 14. Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Matsuo T, Tsukamoto I, Toyoda Y, Ogawa M, et al. Rare sugar D-allulose: Potential role and therapeutic monitoring in maintaining obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2015; 155: 49-59.
• 15. Braunstein C, Noronha J, Glenn A, Viguiliouk E, Noseworthy R, Khan, T, Kendall C, et al. A double-blind, randomized controlled, acute feeding equivalence trial of small, catalytic doses of fructose and allulose on postprandial blood glucose metabolism in healthy participants: The Fructose and Allulose Catalytic Effects (FACE) Trial. Nutrients. 2018; 10(6): 750.
• 16. Kishida K, Iida T, Yamada T, Ferraris RP, Toyoda Y. Intestinal D-allulose transport is likely mediated by Glucose Transporter Type 5 (GLUT5). The FASEB Journal. 2018: 32(Suppl 1); 757-1.
• 17. Eble T E, Hoeksema H, Boyack G A, Savage G M. Psicofuranine. I. Discovery, isolation, and properties, Antibiotics and Chemotherapy. 1959; 9(7): 419-20.
• 18. Poonperm W, Takata G, Ando Y, Sahachaisaree V, Lumyong P. Efficient conversion of allitol to D-psicose by Bacillus pallidus Y25. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 2007; 103(3): 282-5.
• 19. Zhang L, Mu W, Jiang B, Zhang T. Characterization of D-tagatose-3-epimerase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides that converts D-fructose into D-psicose. Biotechnology Letters. 2009; 31(6): 857-62.
• 20. Fukada K, Ishii T, Tanaka K, Yamaji, Yamaoka Y, Kobashi KI, et al. Crystal structure, solubility, and mutarotation of the rare monosaccharide D-psicose. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 2010; 83(10): 1193-7.
• 21. Mu W, Zhang W, Feng Y, Jiang B, Zhou L. Recent advances on applications and biotechnological production of D-psicose. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2012; 94(6): 1461-7.
• 22. Matsuo T, Suzuki H, Hashiguchi M, Izumori K. D-Psicose ıs a rare sugar that provides no energy to growing rats. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. 2002; 48(1): 77-80.
• 23. Sun Y, Hayakawa S, Izumori K. Modification of ovalbumin with a rare ketohexose through the Maillard reaction: Effect on protein structure and gel properties. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2004; 52(5): 1293-9.
• 24. Thacker J, Toyoda Y. Lung and heart-lung transplantation at University of Pittsburgh: 1982–2009. Clinical Transplants. 2009; 179-95.
• 25. Oshima H, Kimura I, Izumori K. Psicose contents in various food products and its origin. Food Science and Technology Research. 2006; 12(2): 137-43.
• 26. Izumori K. Izumoring: A strategy for bioproduction of all hexoses. Journal of Biotechnology. 2006; 124(4): 717-22.
• 27. Livesey G. The energy values of unavailable carbohydrates and diets: an inquiry and analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1990; 51(4): 613-37.
• 28. Cree GM, Perlin AS. Isopropylidene derivatives of D-allulose (D-psicose) and D-erythro-hexopyranose 2, 3-diulose. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology. 1968; 46(8): 765-0.
• 29. Matsuo T, Tanaka T, Hashiguchi M, Izumori K, Suzuki H. Metabolic effects of D-psicose in rats: studies on faecal and urinary excretion and caecal fermentation. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003; 12(2): 225-31.
• 30. Iida T, Hayashi N, Yamada T, Yoshikawa Y, Miyazato S, Kishimoto Y, et al. Failure of D-psicose absorbed in the small intestine to metabolized into energy and its low large intestinal fermentability in humans. Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental. 2010; 59(2): 206-14.
• 31. Tsukamoto I, Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Hirata Y, Dong Y. Kamitori K, Intestinal absorption, organ distribution, and urinary excretion of the rare sugar D-psicose. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 2014; 8: 1955-64.
• 32. Hishiike T, Ogawa M, Hayakawa S, Nakajima D, O’Charoen S, Ooshima H, et al. Transepithelial transports of rare sugar D-psicose in human intestine. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2013; 61(30): 7381-6.
• 33. Douard V, Ferraris RP. Regulation of the fructose transporter GLUT5 in health and disease. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2008; 295: 227-7.
• 34. Harada M, Kondo E, Hayashi H, Suezawa C, Suguri S, Arai M, et al. D-Allose and D-psicose reinforce the action of metronidazole on trichomonad. Parasitology Research. 2012; 110(4): 1565-7.
• 35. Chung YM, Lee JH, Kim DY, Hwang SH, Hong YH, Kim SB. Dietary D-psicose reduced visceral fat mass in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Journal of Food Science. 2012; 77(2): 53-8.
• 36. Yagi K, Matsuo T. The study on long-term toxicity of D-psicose in rats. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition. 2009; 45(3): 271-7.
• 37. Nagata Y, Kanasaki A, Tamaru S, Tanaka K. D-Psicose, an epimer of D-fructose favorably alters lipid metabolism in sprague-dawley rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2015; 63(12): 3168-76.
• 38. Roncero I, Alvarez E, Chowen JA, Sanz C, Rabano A, Vazquez P. Expression of glucose transporter isoform GLUT-2 and glucokinase genes in human brain. Journal of Neurochemistry. 2004; 88(5): 1203-10.
• 39. Funari VA, Herrera VL, Freeman D, Tolan DR. Genes required for fructose metabolism are expressed in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Molecular Brain Research. 2005; 142(2): 115-22.
• 40. Matschinsky FM. Assessing the potential of glucokinase activators in diabetes therapy. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 2009; 8(5): 399-16.
• 41. Toyoda Y, Ito Y, Tanigawa K, Miwa I. Impairment of glucokinase translocation in cultured hepatocytes from OLETF and GK rats, animal models of type 2 diabetes. Archives of Histology and Cytology. 2000; 63(3): 243-8.
• 42. Herling AW, Burger HJ, Schwab D, Hemmerle H, Below P, Schubert G. Pharmacodynamic profile of a novel inhibitor of the hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase system. American Journal of Physiology. 1998; 274(6): 1087-93.
• 43. Shiota M, Moore MC, Galassetti P, Monohan M, Neal DW, Shulman GI. Inclusion of low amounts of fructose with an intraduodenal glucose load markedly reduces postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the conscious dog. Diabetes. 2002; 51(2): 469-78.
• 44. Watford M. Small amounts of dietary fructose dramatically increase hepatic glucose uptake through a novel mechanism of glucokinase activation. Nutrition Reviews. 2002; 60(8): 253-7.
• 45. Raushel FM, Cleland WW. Bovine liver fructokinase: Purification and kinetic properties. Biochemistry. 1977; 16(10): 2169-75.
• 46. Toyoda Y, Mori S, Umemura N, Futamura Y, Inoue H, Harta T. Suppression of blood glucose levels by D-psicose in glucose tolerance test in diabetic rats. Japan Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2010; 38: 261-9.
• 47. Jong-Beom PARK, KIM KI, Eun-Young PARK. Increased Apoptosis, Expression of Matrix Degrading Enzymes and Inflammatory Cytokines of Annulus Fibrosus Cells in Genetically Engineered Diabetic Rats: Implication for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2016; 33(3): 415-23.
• 48. Schulze MB, Manson JE, Ludwig DS, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women. JAMA. 2004; 292(8): 927-34.
• 49. Choi BR, Kwon EY, Kim HJ, Choi MS. role of synbiotics containing d-allulose in the alteration of body fat and hepatic lipids in diet-ınduced obese mice. Nutrients. 2018;10(11): 1797.
• 50. Rutledge AC, Adeli K. Fructose and the metabolic syndrome: Pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms. Nutrition Reviews. 2007; 65: 13-23.
• 51. Hossain A, Yamaguchi F, Matsunaga T, Hirata Y, Kamitori K, Dong Y. Rare sugar D-psicose protects pancreas beta-islets and thus improves insulin resistance in OLETF rats. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2012; 425(4): 717-23.
• 52. Ochiai M, Onishi K, Yamada T, Yamada T, Matsuo T. D-Psicose increases energy expenditure and decreases body fat accumulation in rats fed a high-sucrose diet. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 2014; 65(2): 245-50.
• 53. Kim SE, Kim SJ, Kim HJ, Sung MK. D-Psicose, a sugar substitute, suppresses body fat deposition by altering networks of inflammatory response and lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J-ob/ob mice. Journal of Functional Foods. 2017; 28: 265-74.
• 54. Baek SH, Park SJ, Lee HG. D-Psicose, a sweet monosaccharide, ameliorate hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia in C57BL/6J db/db mice. Journal of Food Science. 2010; 75(2): 49-53.
• 55. Matsuo T, Baba Y, Hashiguchi M, Takeshita K, Izumori K, suzuki H, et al. Less body fat accumulation with D-psicose diet versus D-fructose diet. Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition. 2001; 30: 55-65.
• 56. Matsuo T, Tanaka T, Hassiguchi M, İzumori K, Suzuki H. Effects of Oral Acute Administration and Subchronic Feeding of Several Levels of D-Psicose in Rats. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology. 2002; 48(6): 512-6.