Kemoterapi Alan Hastalarda Ven Görünürlüğü ve Venöz Dolgunluğu Sağlayıcı Teknikler

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 273 - 278, 07.05.2021

Şule Bıyık Bayram , Handan Eren , Nurcan Çalışkan

https://doi.org/10.33631/duzcesbed.732209

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Periferal yoldan uzun süre verilen kemoterapi tedavileri damarların epitel tabakasına zarar vermektedir. Bu durum birçok komplikasyona yol açarak, damarların dolgunluğunu ve görünürlüğünü etkilemekte, hemşirelerin ise periferal intravenöz kateter uygulaması sırasında zorluk yaşamasına neden olmaktadır. Bu zorluklar hastaların işlem sırasında ağrı, anksiyete yaşamasına ve tedavinin gecikmesine neden olabilmektedir. Bu durumları önlemek için periferal kateter uygulamasındaki ilk aşama, ven görünürlüğü ve venöz dolgunluğun sağlanmasıdır. Bunun için turnike uygulaması veya tansiyon aletinin manşonunun kola takılarak şişirilmesi, kolun kalp seviyesinin aşağısında tutulması, izometrik egzersiz uygulaması, parmak ucuyla vene vurulması, venin sıvazlanması ve lokal sıcak uygulama yapılması, ultrason ve kızıl ötesi ışınların kullanımı şeklinde farklı teknikler bulunmaktadır. Kliniklerde turnike, kolun kalp seviyesinin aşağısında tutulması ve veni sıvazlanma tekniklerinin sıklıkla kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Diğer yöntemlerin kullanımına ilişkin çalışmalar yapılmakta ve kemoterapi alan hastalarda etkisi ve kullanım şekli belirtilmektedir. Hemşirelerin bu yöntemleri bilmesi ve kemoterapi alan hasta grupları gibi damarsal yapısı bozulmuş hastalara kullanabilmesi yaşayacakları bu güçlükleri ve komplikasyonları en aza indirecektir. Bu nedenle bu makalenin amacı kemoterapi alan hastalarda ven görünürlüğü ve venöz dolgunluğu sağlayıcı teknikler hakkında kanıta dayalı bilgiler vererek, hemşirelerin bu konuya dikkatini çekmek ve bu bilgilerin uygulamaya aktarılmasını sağlamaktır.

Keywords

İntravenöz kateterizasyon, kemoterapi, ven görünürlüğü, venöz dolgunluk

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