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Yaşam Döngüsü ve Sürdürülebilir Beslenmenin Rolü

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 425 - 430, 20.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.33631/duzcesbed.866922

Abstract

Sürdürülebilir beslenme, yeni bir kavram olmamasına karşın çevresel etkisinin az olması, şimdiki ve gelecek nesillerin beslenme ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasına ve besin ve beslenme güvencesine katkı sağlaması nedeniyle günümüzde dikkat çeker hale gelmiştir. Dünya nüfusunun 2050'ye kadar %32’lik bir artışla yaklaşık 10 milyara ulaşacağı ve beslenmeye bağlı kronik hastalıkların da artacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu eğilimlerle birlikte, gıda talebinin yüzyılın ortasına kadar ikiye katlanacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Mevcut beslenme eğilimleri devam ederse, bulaşıcı olmayan hastalıklardan kaynaklanan ölümlerin küresel hastalık yükünün ortalama üçte ikisini oluşturacağı ve 2030 yılına kadar 52 milyona ulaşacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Gıda üretimi ve tedarikinde yaşanan gelişmeler, gıdanın daha geniş kitlelere ulaşmasını sağlarken; diğer yandan iklim değişikliği, biyoçeşitliliğin azalması, toprak ve tatlı su kaynaklarının azalması gibi birçok çevresel tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu durum uzun vadede gıda güvencesini tehlikeye atmakta, mevcut beslenme ve tarım uygulamalarının değişmesinin iyileşme sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Yapılan araştırmalar, gıda üretiminde, dağıtımında ve yiyecek seçiminde yapılacak değişikliklerin, gıdayla ilgili sera gazı emisyonlarında önemli azalmalar sağlayabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu derleme güncel literatür ışığında sürdürülebilir beslenmenin önemini vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır.

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References

  • Garnett T. What is a sustainable healthy diet? A discussion paper. Oxford, United Kingdom: Food Climate Research Network (FCRN). 2014.
  • Grosso G, Mateo A, Rangelov N, Buzeti T, Birt C, Food obot, et al. Nutrition in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. European Journal of Public Health. 2020; 30(Supplement_1): i19-i23.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Sustainable diets and biodiversity. Rome 2012. FAO/WHO. Sustainable healthy diets-Guiding principles. Rome; 2019.
  • Johnston JL, Fanzo JC, Cogill B. Understanding sustainable diets: a descriptive analysis of the determinants and processes that influence diets and their impact on health, food security, and environmental sustainability. Adv Nutr. 2014; 5(4): 418-29.
  • Willett W, Rockström J, Loken B, Springmann M, Lang T, Vermeulen S, et al. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Lancet. 2019; 393 (10170): 447-92.
  • Afshin A, Sur PJ, Fay KA, Cornaby L, Ferrara G, Salama JS, et al. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 2019; 393 (10184): 1958-72.
  • WHO. Noncommunicable diseases 2018 [Internet]. [Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması (TBSA). 2019.
  • FAO, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2020. Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets. Rome; 2020.
  • Rose D, Heller MC, Roberto CA. Position of the Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior: The Importance of Including Environmental Sustainability in Dietary Guidance. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2019; 51(1): 3-15.e1.
  • Grosso G, Fresan U, Bes-Rastrollo M, Marventano S, Galvano F. Environmental Impact of Dietary Choices: Role of the Mediterranean and Other Dietary Patterns in an Italian Cohort. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(5): 1468.
  • UNDP. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları [Internet]. [Erişim tarihi: 12.01.2021]. Erişim adresi: https://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home/sustainable-development-goals.html.
  • Galli A, Iha K, Halle M, El Bilali H, Grunewald N, Eaton D, et al. Mediterranean countries' food consumption and sourcing patterns:An Ecological Footprint viewpoint. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 578: 383-91.
  • Foley JA, Ramankutty N, Brauman KA, Cassidy ES, Gerber JS, Johnston M, et al. Solutions for a cultivated planet. Nature. 2011; 478 (7369): 337-42.
  • Reganold JP, Wachter JM. Organic agriculture in the twenty-first century. Nature Plants. 2016; 2(2): 15221.
  • Water footprint network [Internet]. [Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021]. Erişim adresi: https://waterfootprint.org/en/water-footprint/what-is-water-footprint/.
  • Hirvonen K, Bai Y, Headey D, Masters WA. Affordability of the EAT–Lancet reference diet: a global analysis. The Lancet Global Health. 2020; 8(1): 59-66.
  • Saxe H. The New Nordic Diet is an effective tool in environmental protection: it reduces the associated socioeconomic cost of diets. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014; 99(5): 1117-25.
  • Martínez-Gonzalez MA, Sanchez-Tainta A, Corella D, Salas-Salvado J, Ros E, Aros F, et al. A provegetarian food pattern and reduction in total mortality in the Prevencion con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 100 Suppl 1: 320-8.
  • Pimentel D, Pimentel M. Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and the environment. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003; 78(3): 660-3.
  • Hemler EC, Hu FB. Plant-based diets for personal, population, and planetary health. Advances in Nutrition. 2019; 10 (Supplement_4): 275-83.
  • Westhoek H, Lesschen JP, Rood G, Wagner S, De Marco A, Murphy-Bokern D, et al. Food choices, health and environment: Effects of cutting Europe's meat and dairy intake. Global Environmental Change. 2014; 26.
  • Seufert V, Ramankutty N. Many shades of gray-The context-dependent performance of organic agriculture. Sci Adv. 2017; 3(3): e1602638.
  • Tuomisto HL, Hodge ID, Riordan P, Macdonald DW. Does organic farming reduce environmental impacts?--a meta-analysis of European research. J Environ Manage. 2012; 112: 309-20.
  • Seufert V, Ramankutty N. Many shades of gray-The context-dependent performance of organic agriculture. Science advances. 2017; 3(3): e1602638-e.
  • Conrad Z, Niles MT, Neher DA, Roy ED, Tichenor NE, Jahns L. Relationship between food waste, diet quality, and environmental sustainability. PloS one. 2018; 13(4): e0195405-e.
  • Marlow HJ, Hayes WK, Soret S, Carter RL, Schwab ER, Sabaté J. Diet and the environment: does what you eat matter? Am J Clin Nutr. 2009; 89(5): 1699-703.
  • Horgan GW, Perrin A, Whybrow S, Macdiarmid JI. Achieving dietary recommendations and reducing greenhouse gas emissions: modelling diets to minimise the change from current intakes. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2016; 13(1): 46.
  • Aleksandrowicz L, Green R, Joy EJ, Smith P, Haines A. The impacts of dietary change on greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water use, and health: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2016; 11(11): e0165797.
  • Verain MCD, Dagevos H, Antonides G. Sustainable food consumption. Product choice or curtailment? Appetite. 2015; 91: 375-84.
  • Tukker A, Goldbohm RA, de Koning A, Verheijden M, Kleijn R, Wolf O, et al. Environmental impacts of changes to healthier diets in Europe. Ecological Economics. 2011; 70(10): 1776-88.
  • Hartmann C, Siegrist M. Consumer perception and behaviour regarding sustainable protein consumption: A systematic review. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2017; 61: 11-25.
  • Verain M, Dagevos H, Antonides G. Flexitarianism: A range of sustainable food styles. Handbook of research on sustainable consumption. Northampton, MA, US: Edward Elgar Publishing; 2015: 209-23.
  • Serra-Majem L, Ortiz-Andrellucchi A. The Mediterranean diet as an example of food and nutrition sustainability: a multidisciplinary approach. Nutr Hosp. 2018; 35 (Spec No4): 96-101.
  • Renzella J, Townsend N, Jewell J, Breda J, Roberts N, Rayner M et al. What national and subnational interventions and policies based on Mediterranean and Nordic diets are recommended or implemented in the WHO European Region, and is there evidence of effectiveness in reducing noncommunicable diseases? (Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report 58). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2018.
  • Dernini S, Berry EM, Serra-Majem L, La Vecchia C, Capone R, Medina FX, et al. Med Diet 4.0: the Mediterranean diet with four sustainable benefits. Public Health Nutr. 2017; 20 (7): 1322-30.
  • Ruini LF, Ciati R, Pratesi CA, Marino M, Principato L, Vannuzzi E. Working toward Healthy and Sustainable Diets: The "Double Pyramid Model" Developed by the Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition to Raise Awareness about the Environmental and Nutritional Impact of Foods. Front Nutr. 2015; 2: 9.

Life Cycle and the Role of Sustainable Nutrition

Year 2021, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 425 - 430, 20.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.33631/duzcesbed.866922

Abstract

Although sustainable nutrition is not a new notion, it has become noteworthy today due to its low environmental impact, contributing to the nutritional needs of present and future generations and to nutritional and nutritional security. It is predicted that the world population will reach approximately 10 billion with an increase of 32% by 2050 and chronic diseases related to nutrition will increase. With these trends, food demand is predicted to double by the middle of the century. If current dietary trends continue, deaths from noncommunicable diseases are projected to account for an average of two-thirds of the global disease burden, reaching 52 million by 2030. While the developments in food production and supply enable food to reach wider masses; on the other hand, it poses many environmental threats such as climate change, decrease in biodiversity, decrease in soil and fresh water resources. Research shows that changes in food production, distribution and food selection can result in significant reductions in food-related greenhouse gas emissions. This review aims to emphasize the importance of sustainable nutrition in the light of current literature.

References

  • Garnett T. What is a sustainable healthy diet? A discussion paper. Oxford, United Kingdom: Food Climate Research Network (FCRN). 2014.
  • Grosso G, Mateo A, Rangelov N, Buzeti T, Birt C, Food obot, et al. Nutrition in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. European Journal of Public Health. 2020; 30(Supplement_1): i19-i23.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Sustainable diets and biodiversity. Rome 2012. FAO/WHO. Sustainable healthy diets-Guiding principles. Rome; 2019.
  • Johnston JL, Fanzo JC, Cogill B. Understanding sustainable diets: a descriptive analysis of the determinants and processes that influence diets and their impact on health, food security, and environmental sustainability. Adv Nutr. 2014; 5(4): 418-29.
  • Willett W, Rockström J, Loken B, Springmann M, Lang T, Vermeulen S, et al. Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Lancet. 2019; 393 (10170): 447-92.
  • Afshin A, Sur PJ, Fay KA, Cornaby L, Ferrara G, Salama JS, et al. Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. 2019; 393 (10184): 1958-72.
  • WHO. Noncommunicable diseases 2018 [Internet]. [Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021]. Erişim adresi: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı, Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması (TBSA). 2019.
  • FAO, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2020. Transforming food systems for affordable healthy diets. Rome; 2020.
  • Rose D, Heller MC, Roberto CA. Position of the Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior: The Importance of Including Environmental Sustainability in Dietary Guidance. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2019; 51(1): 3-15.e1.
  • Grosso G, Fresan U, Bes-Rastrollo M, Marventano S, Galvano F. Environmental Impact of Dietary Choices: Role of the Mediterranean and Other Dietary Patterns in an Italian Cohort. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(5): 1468.
  • UNDP. Sürdürülebilir kalkınma amaçları [Internet]. [Erişim tarihi: 12.01.2021]. Erişim adresi: https://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home/sustainable-development-goals.html.
  • Galli A, Iha K, Halle M, El Bilali H, Grunewald N, Eaton D, et al. Mediterranean countries' food consumption and sourcing patterns:An Ecological Footprint viewpoint. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 578: 383-91.
  • Foley JA, Ramankutty N, Brauman KA, Cassidy ES, Gerber JS, Johnston M, et al. Solutions for a cultivated planet. Nature. 2011; 478 (7369): 337-42.
  • Reganold JP, Wachter JM. Organic agriculture in the twenty-first century. Nature Plants. 2016; 2(2): 15221.
  • Water footprint network [Internet]. [Erişim tarihi: 11.01.2021]. Erişim adresi: https://waterfootprint.org/en/water-footprint/what-is-water-footprint/.
  • Hirvonen K, Bai Y, Headey D, Masters WA. Affordability of the EAT–Lancet reference diet: a global analysis. The Lancet Global Health. 2020; 8(1): 59-66.
  • Saxe H. The New Nordic Diet is an effective tool in environmental protection: it reduces the associated socioeconomic cost of diets. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2014; 99(5): 1117-25.
  • Martínez-Gonzalez MA, Sanchez-Tainta A, Corella D, Salas-Salvado J, Ros E, Aros F, et al. A provegetarian food pattern and reduction in total mortality in the Prevencion con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 100 Suppl 1: 320-8.
  • Pimentel D, Pimentel M. Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and the environment. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003; 78(3): 660-3.
  • Hemler EC, Hu FB. Plant-based diets for personal, population, and planetary health. Advances in Nutrition. 2019; 10 (Supplement_4): 275-83.
  • Westhoek H, Lesschen JP, Rood G, Wagner S, De Marco A, Murphy-Bokern D, et al. Food choices, health and environment: Effects of cutting Europe's meat and dairy intake. Global Environmental Change. 2014; 26.
  • Seufert V, Ramankutty N. Many shades of gray-The context-dependent performance of organic agriculture. Sci Adv. 2017; 3(3): e1602638.
  • Tuomisto HL, Hodge ID, Riordan P, Macdonald DW. Does organic farming reduce environmental impacts?--a meta-analysis of European research. J Environ Manage. 2012; 112: 309-20.
  • Seufert V, Ramankutty N. Many shades of gray-The context-dependent performance of organic agriculture. Science advances. 2017; 3(3): e1602638-e.
  • Conrad Z, Niles MT, Neher DA, Roy ED, Tichenor NE, Jahns L. Relationship between food waste, diet quality, and environmental sustainability. PloS one. 2018; 13(4): e0195405-e.
  • Marlow HJ, Hayes WK, Soret S, Carter RL, Schwab ER, Sabaté J. Diet and the environment: does what you eat matter? Am J Clin Nutr. 2009; 89(5): 1699-703.
  • Horgan GW, Perrin A, Whybrow S, Macdiarmid JI. Achieving dietary recommendations and reducing greenhouse gas emissions: modelling diets to minimise the change from current intakes. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2016; 13(1): 46.
  • Aleksandrowicz L, Green R, Joy EJ, Smith P, Haines A. The impacts of dietary change on greenhouse gas emissions, land use, water use, and health: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2016; 11(11): e0165797.
  • Verain MCD, Dagevos H, Antonides G. Sustainable food consumption. Product choice or curtailment? Appetite. 2015; 91: 375-84.
  • Tukker A, Goldbohm RA, de Koning A, Verheijden M, Kleijn R, Wolf O, et al. Environmental impacts of changes to healthier diets in Europe. Ecological Economics. 2011; 70(10): 1776-88.
  • Hartmann C, Siegrist M. Consumer perception and behaviour regarding sustainable protein consumption: A systematic review. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2017; 61: 11-25.
  • Verain M, Dagevos H, Antonides G. Flexitarianism: A range of sustainable food styles. Handbook of research on sustainable consumption. Northampton, MA, US: Edward Elgar Publishing; 2015: 209-23.
  • Serra-Majem L, Ortiz-Andrellucchi A. The Mediterranean diet as an example of food and nutrition sustainability: a multidisciplinary approach. Nutr Hosp. 2018; 35 (Spec No4): 96-101.
  • Renzella J, Townsend N, Jewell J, Breda J, Roberts N, Rayner M et al. What national and subnational interventions and policies based on Mediterranean and Nordic diets are recommended or implemented in the WHO European Region, and is there evidence of effectiveness in reducing noncommunicable diseases? (Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report 58). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2018.
  • Dernini S, Berry EM, Serra-Majem L, La Vecchia C, Capone R, Medina FX, et al. Med Diet 4.0: the Mediterranean diet with four sustainable benefits. Public Health Nutr. 2017; 20 (7): 1322-30.
  • Ruini LF, Ciati R, Pratesi CA, Marino M, Principato L, Vannuzzi E. Working toward Healthy and Sustainable Diets: The "Double Pyramid Model" Developed by the Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition to Raise Awareness about the Environmental and Nutritional Impact of Foods. Front Nutr. 2015; 2: 9.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Seren Kurtgil 0000-0002-2289-2594

Yasemin Beyhan 0000-0002-4001-1965

Publication Date September 20, 2021
Submission Date January 23, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Kurtgil, S., & Beyhan, Y. (2021). Yaşam Döngüsü ve Sürdürülebilir Beslenmenin Rolü. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(3), 425-430. https://doi.org/10.33631/duzcesbed.866922
AMA Kurtgil S, Beyhan Y. Yaşam Döngüsü ve Sürdürülebilir Beslenmenin Rolü. J DU Health Sci Inst. September 2021;11(3):425-430. doi:10.33631/duzcesbed.866922
Chicago Kurtgil, Seren, and Yasemin Beyhan. “Yaşam Döngüsü Ve Sürdürülebilir Beslenmenin Rolü”. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 11, no. 3 (September 2021): 425-30. https://doi.org/10.33631/duzcesbed.866922.
EndNote Kurtgil S, Beyhan Y (September 1, 2021) Yaşam Döngüsü ve Sürdürülebilir Beslenmenin Rolü. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 11 3 425–430.
IEEE S. Kurtgil and Y. Beyhan, “Yaşam Döngüsü ve Sürdürülebilir Beslenmenin Rolü”, J DU Health Sci Inst, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 425–430, 2021, doi: 10.33631/duzcesbed.866922.
ISNAD Kurtgil, Seren - Beyhan, Yasemin. “Yaşam Döngüsü Ve Sürdürülebilir Beslenmenin Rolü”. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 11/3 (September 2021), 425-430. https://doi.org/10.33631/duzcesbed.866922.
JAMA Kurtgil S, Beyhan Y. Yaşam Döngüsü ve Sürdürülebilir Beslenmenin Rolü. J DU Health Sci Inst. 2021;11:425–430.
MLA Kurtgil, Seren and Yasemin Beyhan. “Yaşam Döngüsü Ve Sürdürülebilir Beslenmenin Rolü”. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 3, 2021, pp. 425-30, doi:10.33631/duzcesbed.866922.
Vancouver Kurtgil S, Beyhan Y. Yaşam Döngüsü ve Sürdürülebilir Beslenmenin Rolü. J DU Health Sci Inst. 2021;11(3):425-30.