ALTERNATİF DİASPORANIN SOSYAL MEDYA İLETİŞİMİ: “NEW WAVE IN BERLIN” FACEBOOK GRUBU ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2019, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 932 - 952, 30.09.2019

Mehmet Fatih Çömlekçi Esra Bozkanat

https://doi.org/10.19145/e-gifder.554323

Cited By: 4

Abstract

Türkiye’den
Almanya’ya yönelik olarak 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında ekonomik kaygılarla
başlayan göç süreci, bugün genç ve yüksek eğitimli kesimle birlikte yeni bir
boyuta taşınmıştır. Kendilerini “alternatif diaspora” olarak tanımlayan günümüz
göçmenlerinin dayanışma platformları da kahvehane, dernek ve birliklerden
dijital mecralara kaymaya başlamıştır. Yeni iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerle birlikte, göçmenlik
deneyimi ve onların oluşturdukları sosyal ağların niteliği de dönüşüme
uğramıştır. Bu çerçevede çalışmada, Türkiye’den Almanya’nın Berlin kentine göç
edenlerin kurmuş olduğu New Wave in Berlin (Berlin’de Yeni Dalga) isimli
Facebook grubu bu dönüşümü incelemek amacıyla nicel (içerik analizi) ve nitel
(yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme) yöntemleri birlikte kullanılarak ele alınmıştır.
Çalışmanın amacı yeni nesil göçmenlerin araştırmaya konu Facebook grubu
özelinde sosyal medyayı kullanma motivasyonlarını ortaya koymaktır. Sonuç
olarak kullanıcıların grubu pragmatik ihtiyaçlar, bürokratik ihtiyaçlar,
kültürel ve akademik ihtiyaçlar, karşılıksız yardım, sosyal yaşam çerçevesinde
toplanan ihtiyaçlarına cevap vermek amacıyla kullandıkları ortaya çıkmıştır.
Görüşmelerden ortaya çıkan sonuç ise, pragmatik ihtiyaçlarının yanında, söz
konusu grupların benzer sorunlar yaşayan göçmenler arasında deneyim aktarımı
sağladığı, bir topluluğun parçası olma ve ortaklık duygusu yarattığı ve
kullanıcılara ağ oluşturma (networking) şansı verdiğidir.

Keywords

Sosyal medya, Göç, Berlin, Facebook

SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNICATION OF THE ALTERNATIVE DIASPORA: THE CASE OF “NEW WAVE IN BERLIN” FACEBOOK GROUP

Abstract

Today,
the migration process that began with economic concerns in the second half of
the 21st century from Turkey to Germany, moved to a new dimension with the
inclusion of young and well-educated migrants. The solidarity platforms of
today's migrants, who define themselves as alternative diaspora, have shifted
from coffee houses, associations and unions to digital channels. Together with
the developments in new communication technologies, the migration experience
and the nature of the social networks they have created have been transformed.
With the intent of discussing this transformation, the Facebook group entitled
“New Wave in Berlin” was chosen as a case study and examined with quantitative
(content analysis) and qualitative (semi-structured interview) methods. The aim
of the study is to reveal the motivations of new generation migrants to use
social media in terms of the chosen Facebook group. As a result, it has been
found out that the users utilize the Facebook group to meet their pragmatic,
cultural, academic, social needs and to offer complimentary help. The result of
the interviews is that besides the pragmatic needs, these groups provide
experience transfer among migrants who have similar problems, create a sense of
being a part of a community and a partnership, and give users the opportunity
of networking

Keywords

Social Media, Migration, Berlin, Facebook

References

• ABADAN-UNAT, Neriman (2011). Turks in Europe: from guest worker to transnational citizen. Berghahn books.
• AL-RAWI, Ahmed (2017). “Facebook and virtual nationhood: social media and the Arab Canadians community”. AI & SOCIETY, s. 1-13.
• AWIDI, Isaiah T.; PAYNTER, Mark; VUJOSEVIC, Tijana. (2019). “Facebook group in the learning design of a higher education course: An analysis of factors influencing positive learning experience for students.” Computers & Education, 129, s. 106-121.
• AYDIN, Yaşar (2016). “The Germany-Turkey Migration Corridor. Refitting Policies for a Transnational Age” Transatlantic Council on Migration, A Project of Migration Policy Institute, s. 1-22.
• BALTAR, Fabiola; BRUNET, Ignasi (2012). “Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook” Internet research, 22(1), s. 57-74.
• BOYD, Danah M.; ELLISON, Nicole B. (2007). “Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship” Journal of computer‐mediated Communication, 13(1), s. 210-230.
• BOZKANAT, Esra. (2018). “Kitle-Kişisel İletişim ile Sağlık Bilgisi Arama: Bir Facebook Grubu Örneği” Journal of Communication Theory & Research/Iletisim Kuram ve Arastirma Dergisi, (46), s. 291-305.
• CHAN, Brenda (2005). “Imagining the homeland: The internet and diasporic discourse of nationalism” Journal of Communication Inquiry, 29(4), s. 336–368.
• COHEN, Jacob (1960). “A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales”, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), s. 37-46.
• CROUCHER, Stephen M. (2011). “Social networking and cultural adaptation: A theoretical model” Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 4(4), s. 259-264.
• CROUCHER, Stephen M.; OOMMEN, Deepa; STEELE, Emily L. (2009). “An examination of media usage among French-Muslims” Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 38(1), s. 41-57.
• DE LA TORRE-DÍEZ, I.; DÍAZ-PERNAS, F. J.; ANTÓN-RODRÍGUEZ, M. (2012). “A content analysis of chronic diseases social groups on Facebook and Twitter.” Telemedicine and e-Health, 18(6), s. 404-408.
• ELLISON, Nicole B.; STEINFIELD, Charles; LAMPE, Cliff (2007). “The benefits of Facebook “friends:” Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites” Journal of computer-mediated communication, 12(4), s. 1143-1168.
• GIGI DURHAM, Meenakshi (2004). “Constructing the ‘‘new ethnicities’’: Media, sexuality, and diaspora identity in the lives of South Asian immigrant girls” Critical Studies in Media Communication, 21(2), s. 140-161.
• GUNTER, Barrie; NICHOLAS, David; HUNTINGTON, Paul; WILLIAMS, Peter (2002). “Online versus offline research: implications for evaluating digital media”. In Aslib proceedings 54(4), s. 229-239.
• HMIDA, Manel Hadj; OZCAGLAR-TOULOUSE, Nil; FOSSE-GOMEZ, Marie-Helene (2009). “Towards an understanding of media usage and acculturation” Advances in Consumer Research, 36, s. 524-531.
• HOLSTI, Ole R. (1969). Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities, Reading: MA, Addison-Wesley.
• KIM, Y. M. (2015). “Is seeking health information online different from seeking general information online?” Journal of Information Science, 41(2), 228-241.http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0165551514561669 Erişim Tarihi: 27.02.2018.
• KRAMER, Erick Marck (2003). Gaiatsu and the cultural judo. (Editör) E.M. Kramer, The emerging monoculture, New York: Praeger, s. 1-32.
• LANDIS, J. Richard ; KOCH, Garry G. (1977). "The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data" Biometrics. 33, s. 159-174.
• LI, Cong; TSAI, Wan-Hsiu Sunny (2015). “Social media usage and acculturation: A test with Hispanics in the US” Computers in Human Behavior, 45, s. 204-212.
• MARCHEVA, Marta (2011). “The networked diaspora: Bulgarian migrants on Facebook” M/C Journal, 14(2).
• NADKARNI, Ashwini; HOFMANN, Stefan G. (2012). “Why do people use Facebook?.” Personality and individual differences, 52(3), s. 243-249.
• PARKS, Malcolm R. (2010). “Social network sites as virtual communities” A networked self, Routledge. s. 113-131.
• PARTRIDGE, S. R.; GALLAGHER, P.; FREEMAN, B.; GALLAGHER, R (2018). “Facebook Groups for the Management of Chronic Diseases”, Journal of medical Internet research, 20(1), e21. https://www.jmir.org/2018/1/e21/ Erişim Tarihi: 28.03.2018.
• RAMAN, Priya; HARWOOD, Jake (2008). “Acculturation of Asian Indian sojourners in America: Application of the cultivation framework” Southern Communication Journal, 73, s. 295-311.
• RAO, Xi; HEMPHILL, Libby (2016). “Asian American Chicago Network: A case study of Facebook group use by immigrant groups” Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing Companion, ACM, s. 381-384.
• REJA, Ursa; MANFREDA, Katja Lozar; HLEBEC, Valentina; & VEHOVAR, Vasja (2003). “Open-ended vs. close-ended questions in web questionnaires” Developments in applied statistics, 19(1), s. 159-177.
• RHEINGOLD, Howard (2000). The virtual community: Homesteading on the electronic frontier, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
• SANCHEZ-MONTIJANO, Elena ; KAYA, Ayhan ; SÖKMEN, Melike Janine (2018). Highly Skilled Migration between the EU and Turkey: Drivers and Scenarios. FEUTURE Online Paper, 21.
• SAWYER, Rebecca; CHEN, Guo-Ming (2012). “The Impact of Social Media on Intercultural Adaptation” Intercultural Communication Studies, 21(2), s. 151–169.
• SHUTER, Robert (2012). “Intercultural New Media Studies: The Next Frontier in Intercultural Communication” Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 41(3), s. 219–237.
• TIBURCIO JIMENEZ, Teresa (2017). Berlin. Wie bitte? An Exploration of the Construction of Online Platforms for the Mutual Support of Young Spanish Immigrants in Berlin, (Editörler), Urte Undine Frömming, Steffen Köhn, Samantha Fox, Mike Terry, Digital Environments: Ethnographic Perspectives Across Global Online and Offline Spaces, Transcript verlag. s. 171-195.
• TÜFEKÇİ, Zeynep (2008). “Grooming, gossip, Facebook and Myspace: What can we learn about these sites from those who won’t assimilate?” Information, Communication & Society, 11, s. 544-564.
• VAN SELM, Martine; JANKOWSKI, Nicholas W. (2006). “Conducting online surveys” Quality and quantity, 40(3), s. 435-456.
• WAIYAHONG, Natita. "The use of “Facebook” to build an LIS student learning community." Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 147 (2014): 98-103.
• WANG, Wei-Ching; HUANG, Taofang; HUANG, Szu-Chi; WANG, Li-Jung (2009). “Internet use, group identity, and political participation among Taiwanese Americans” China Media Research, 5(4), s. 47-62.
• YE, Jiali (2006). “An examination of acculturative stress, interpersonal social support, and use of online ethnic social groups among Chinese international students” The Howard Journal of Communication, 17(1), s. 1-20.