IDEOLOGY, PUBLIC RELATIONS, INTERCULTURALITY AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE: INTERDEPENDENT CONCEPTS THROUGH TURKİYE1
Abstract
This study analyzes the interdependent relationship between interculturalism, ideology, social structure, and public relations in Turkey. It posits that ideology and social structure provide the framework for intercultural interactions, with public relations functioning as a key managerial tool within this process. The paper specifically focuses on the compulsory transformation in Turkey's communication strategies following the 2011 Syrian crisis. This period marked a distinct shift from externally focused public relations centered on 'soft power' and image management to intercultural public relations practices aimed at ensuring internal social cohesion. The efforts by public, private, and civil society organizations demonstrate the evolution of public relations from an image-management tool into a crucial mechanism for social stability. However, the success of these efforts is contingent upon overcoming structural challenges, such as negative media representations and entrenched ideological prejudices.
References
- Bowen, S. A., Rawlins, B., & Martin, T. R. (2019). An Overview of the Public relations Function (Second Edition). NY: Business Expert Press. Cantle, T. (2012). Interculturalism: The New Era of Cohesion and Diversity. New York: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN. Ekşi, M., & Erol, M. S. (2018). The Rise and Fall Of Turkish Soft Power and Public Diplomacy. Akademik Bakış, 11(23), 15-45.
- Form, W., & Wilterdink, N. (2025, April 15). social structure. Encyclopedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-structure adresinden alındı H&M Group. (2021, 6 18). Hope ahead through refugee programme in Turkey. H&M Group: https://hmgroup.com/our-stories/hope-ahead-through-refugee- programme-in- turkey/#:~:text=H%26M%20Group%20aims%20to%20enable,workers%20pr ogramme%20in%20Turkey%20alone. adresinden alındı
- Ham, A. (2025). Cultural Relativism In Global PR Ethics: A Thematic Analysis of PR Ethics Codes and Development of a Cultural Assessment Tool. Master of Arts in Media and Communication Plan II . Hayata Destek Derneği. (2025, 5 23). Hayata Destek Derneği. Hayata Destek Derneği: https://www.hayatadestek.org/ adresinden alındı Holliday, A. (2011). Intercultural Communication and Idedntity. London: Sage. Koç. (2022, 1 3). oç Group Launches a Gender Equality Movement in Technology and Innovation with Raft of New Commitments. Koç: https://www.koc.com.tr/media-center/latest-news/2022/koc-group- launches-a-gender-equality-movement adresinden alındı
- Kyalo, E. (2024). Public Relations Strategies for Non-Profit Organizations. Journal of Public Relations, 2-13. Livberber, T. (2021). SURİYELİ SIĞINMACILARIN TÜRK BASININDA TEMSİLİ: HABERLER ÜZERİNE ELEŞTİREL BİR ANALİZ. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(4), 1003-1028. Lucas, B. D. (2020). Understanding Public Relations. I. J. icholas S. Iwokwagh içinde, Journalism Practice, Teaching and Research in Nigeria: A Festschrift in Honour of Professor Tonnie Osa Iredia (s. 358-373). Mültecilerle Dayanışma Derneği. (2025, 4 18). Mülteci-Der. Mülteci-Der: https://multeci.org.tr/en/ adresinden alındı
- Mato, D. (2012). Socio-Cultural Differences and Intercultural Communication in Social Participation Experiences. Intercultural Communication Studies, 11(1), 101-116. Mengü, S. Ç. (2012). Halkla İlişkiler- Bir Kültür Politikası. Konya: Eğitim Yayınevi. Ni, L., Wang, Q., & Sha, B.-L. (2018). Intercultural Public Relations: Theories for Managing Relationships and Conflicts with Strategic Publics. NY: Routledge.
IDEOLOGY, PUBLIC RELATIONS, INTERCULTURALITY AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE: INTERDEPENDENT CONCEPTS THROUGH TURKİYE1
Abstract
This study analyzes the interdependent relationship between interculturalism, ideology, social structure, and public relations in Turkey. It posits that ideology and social structure provide the framework for intercultural interactions, with public relations functioning as a key managerial tool within this process. The paper specifically focuses on the compulsory transformation in Turkey's communication strategies following the 2011 Syrian crisis. This period marked a distinct shift from externally focused public relations centered on 'soft power' and image management to intercultural public relations practices aimed at ensuring internal social cohesion. The efforts by public, private, and civil society organizations demonstrate the evolution of public relations from an image-management tool into a crucial mechanism for social stability. However, the success of these efforts is contingent upon overcoming structural challenges, such as negative media representations and entrenched ideological prejudices.
References
- Bowen, S. A., Rawlins, B., & Martin, T. R. (2019). An Overview of the Public relations Function (Second Edition). NY: Business Expert Press. Cantle, T. (2012). Interculturalism: The New Era of Cohesion and Diversity. New York: PALGRAVE MACMILLAN. Ekşi, M., & Erol, M. S. (2018). The Rise and Fall Of Turkish Soft Power and Public Diplomacy. Akademik Bakış, 11(23), 15-45.
- Form, W., & Wilterdink, N. (2025, April 15). social structure. Encyclopedia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/topic/social-structure adresinden alındı H&M Group. (2021, 6 18). Hope ahead through refugee programme in Turkey. H&M Group: https://hmgroup.com/our-stories/hope-ahead-through-refugee- programme-in- turkey/#:~:text=H%26M%20Group%20aims%20to%20enable,workers%20pr ogramme%20in%20Turkey%20alone. adresinden alındı
- Ham, A. (2025). Cultural Relativism In Global PR Ethics: A Thematic Analysis of PR Ethics Codes and Development of a Cultural Assessment Tool. Master of Arts in Media and Communication Plan II . Hayata Destek Derneği. (2025, 5 23). Hayata Destek Derneği. Hayata Destek Derneği: https://www.hayatadestek.org/ adresinden alındı Holliday, A. (2011). Intercultural Communication and Idedntity. London: Sage. Koç. (2022, 1 3). oç Group Launches a Gender Equality Movement in Technology and Innovation with Raft of New Commitments. Koç: https://www.koc.com.tr/media-center/latest-news/2022/koc-group- launches-a-gender-equality-movement adresinden alındı
- Kyalo, E. (2024). Public Relations Strategies for Non-Profit Organizations. Journal of Public Relations, 2-13. Livberber, T. (2021). SURİYELİ SIĞINMACILARIN TÜRK BASININDA TEMSİLİ: HABERLER ÜZERİNE ELEŞTİREL BİR ANALİZ. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(4), 1003-1028. Lucas, B. D. (2020). Understanding Public Relations. I. J. icholas S. Iwokwagh içinde, Journalism Practice, Teaching and Research in Nigeria: A Festschrift in Honour of Professor Tonnie Osa Iredia (s. 358-373). Mültecilerle Dayanışma Derneği. (2025, 4 18). Mülteci-Der. Mülteci-Der: https://multeci.org.tr/en/ adresinden alındı
- Mato, D. (2012). Socio-Cultural Differences and Intercultural Communication in Social Participation Experiences. Intercultural Communication Studies, 11(1), 101-116. Mengü, S. Ç. (2012). Halkla İlişkiler- Bir Kültür Politikası. Konya: Eğitim Yayınevi. Ni, L., Wang, Q., & Sha, B.-L. (2018). Intercultural Public Relations: Theories for Managing Relationships and Conflicts with Strategic Publics. NY: Routledge.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Communication Studies |
| Journal Section | Makaleler |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | July 18, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | September 25, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 13 Issue: 2 |
