Mapping Crafting Through Tree Analogy: An Integrated Literature Review

Abstract

The concept of crafting has evolved through diverse streams of research, leading to a segmented conceptualization. The purpose of this study is to summarize and integrate this diversity. Using an integrative literature review methodology, 461 articles published between 2001 and 2024 were systematically summarized and synthesized. These articles were investigated based on their year of publication, keywords, research design and methodology, utilized theories, and types of crafting. 8 main types and 21 subtypes of crafting were identified, with resource theories being the most frequently used theoretical frameworks. Keyword co-occurrence analysis revealed four dominant research perspectives: individual orientation, organizational orientation, wellbeing focus, and performance focus. To illustrate the evolution and integrate different perspectives, a tree analogy is proposed. Current review aids researchers in navigating the field and encourages further exploration of lesser-known forms of crafting. For researchers, the thematic analysis aiming to present the development of the crafting literature offers a clear view of the consolidated research areas in crafting, making it easier to identify emerging trends within the field. For practitioners, our research encourages them to rethink how proactive efforts are utilized within their organizations.

Keywords

• Proactivity
• Job crafting
• Leisure Crafting
• Career Crafting
• Integrative Literature Review
• Keyword Co-occurrence Analysis
• Thematic Synthesis

Ağaç Analojsi Üzerinden Biçimlendirme Davranışlarının Haritalanması: Bütüncül Bir Literatür Taraması

Abstract

(İş) Biçimlendirme kavramı, zaman içerisinde farklı açılarda gelişim göstererek dağınık ve parçalı bir kavramsallaşma sürecine girmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, söz konusu çeşitliliği özetlemek ve bütünleştirmektir. Bütüncül literatür taraması yöntemi kullanılarak, 2001-2024 yılları arasında yayımlanmış 461 makale sistematik biçimde özetlenmiş ve sentezlenmiştir. Bu makaleler; yayımlanma yılları, anahtar kelimeleri, araştırma tasarımları ve yöntemleri, kullanılan kuramsal çerçeveler ve incelenen crafting türleri açısından analiz edilmiştir. Sekiz ana ve yirmi bir alt crafting türü belirlenmiş olup, en sık başvurulan kuramsal çerçevelerin kaynak teorileri olduğu görülmüştür. Anahtar kelime eşgörünüm analizi dört baskın araştırma perspektifini ortaya koymuştur, bunlar: bireysel yönelim, örgütsel yönelim, iyi oluş odaklılık ve performans odaklılıktır. Biçimlendirme literatürünün gelişimini ve farklı bakış açılarını bütünleştirmek amacıyla bir ağaç analojisi önerilmiştir. Bu derleme, araştırmacılara alandaki literatürü daha sistematik biçimde takip etme imkânı sunmakta ve daha az çalışılmış biçimlendirmlerin keşfini teşvik etmektedir. Tematik analiz yoluyla biçimlendirme literatürünün gelişimini ortaya koymak, araştırmacılar için bu alanın konsolide olmuş araştırma temalarını görünür kılmakta ve yükselen eğilimlerin belirlenmesini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Uygulayıcılar için bu çalışma, örgütlerde proaktif çabaların nasıl kullanıldığını yeniden düşünmeye davet etmektedir.

Keywords

• Proaktivite
• İş Biçimlendirme
• Serbest Zaman Biçimlendirme
• Kariyer Biçimlendirme
• Bütüncül Literatür Taraması
• Anahtar Kelime Eşgörünüm Analizi
• Tematik Sentez

References

1. Aras, G., Tezcan, N., & Furtuna, Ö. K. (2018). Çok boyutlu kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik yaklaşımı ile Türk bankacılık sektörünün değerlemesi: Kamu-Özel banka farklılaşması. Ege Akademik Bakis, 18(1), 47-61.
2. Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands‐resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309-328.
3. Bakker, A. B., Tims, M. and Derks, D. (2012). “Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement”, Human Relations, 65(10), 1359-1378.
4. Berg, J. M., Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2010). Perceiving and responding to challenges in job crafting at different ranks: When proactivity requires adaptivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31(2‐3), 158-186.
5. Biddle, B. J. and Thomas, E. J. (1966). Role Theory: Concepts and Research, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 67-72.
6. Bruning, P. F. and Campion, M. A. (2018). “A role–resource approach–avoidance model of job crafting: A multimethod integration and extension of job crafting theory”, Academy of Management Journal, 61(2), 499-522.
7. Cairo, A. (2012). The Functional Art: An introduction to information graphics and visualization. New Riders.
8. Callon, M., Courtial, J. P., & Laville, F. (1991). Co-word analysis as a tool for describing the network of interactions between basic and technological research: The case of polymer chemistry. Scientometrics, 22(1), 155-205.

9. De Bloom, J., Vaziri, H., Tay, L., & Kujanpää, M. (2020). An identity-based integrative needs model of crafting: Crafting within and across life domains. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(12), 1423.
10. Demerouti, E. and Peeters, M. C. (2018). “Transmission of reduction‐oriented crafting among colleagues: A diary study on the moderating role of working conditions”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 91(2), 209-234.
11. Demerouti, E., Hewett, R., Haun, V., De Gieter, S., Rodríguez-Sánchez, A., & Skakon, J. (2020). From job crafting to home crafting: A daily diary study among six European countries. Human Relations, 73(7), 1010-1035.
12. Demir, C., & Demir, N. (2006). Bireylerin boş zaman faaliyetlerine katilmalarini etkileyen faktörler ile cinsiyet arasindaki ilişki: lisans öğrencilerine yönelik bir uygulama. Ege Academic Review, 6(1), 36-48.
13. Fong, C. Y. M. Tims, M. and Khapova, S. N. (2022). Coworker responses to job crafting: Implications for willingness to cooperate and conflict, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 138.
14. Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). The broaden–and–build theory of positive emotions, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 359(1449), 1367-1377.
15. Gravador, L. N. and Teng-Calleja, M. (2018). Work-life balance crafting behaviors: an empirical study, Personnel Review, 47(4), 786-804.
16. Guan, X., & Frenkel, S. (2018). How HR practice, work engagement and job crafting influence employee performance. Chinese Management Studies, 12(3), 591-607.
17. Güner, B., Kibaroğlu, G. G., & Basım, H. N. (2023). The role of job crafting and job engagement in the effect of organizational commitment on job performance. Ege Academic Review, 23(3), 457-470
18. Higgins, E. T. (2012). Regulatory focus theory, Paul A. M. (Ed.), Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology 1, SAGE Publications Ltd, London, 483-504.
19. Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: a new attempt at conceptualizing stress, American Psychologist, 44(3), 513.
20. Hu, B., McCune Stein, A., & Mao, Y. (2020). How control and commitment HR practices influence employee job crafting. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 35(5), 361-374.
21. Hulshof, I. L. Demerouti, E. and Le Blanc, P. M. (2020). Day-level job crafting and service-oriented task performance: The mediating role of meaningful work and work engagement, Career Development International, 25(4), 355-371.
22. Hur, W. M., & Shin, Y. (2023). Is resting and sleeping well helpful to job crafting? Daily relationship between recovery experiences, sleep quality, feelings of recovery, and job crafting. Applied Psychology, 72(4), 1608-1623. Ingusci, E., Signore, F., Giancaspro, M. L., Manuti, A., Molino, M., Russo, V., & Cortese, C. G. (2021). Workload, techno overload, and behavioral stress during COVID-19 emergency: The role of job crafting in remote workers. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 655148.
23. Janssen, E., van der Heijden, B. I., Akkermans, J., & Audenaert, M. (2021). Unraveling the complex relationship between career success and career crafting: Exploring nonlinearity and the moderating role of learning value of the job. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 130, 103620.
24. Khan, M. M., Mubarik, M. S., & Islam, T. (2021). Leading the innovation: role of trust and job crafting as sequential mediators relating servant leadership and innovative work behavior. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(5), 1547-1568.
25. Kim, H., Im, J., Qu, H., & NamKoong, J. (2018). Antecedent and consequences of job crafting: an organizational level approach. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(3), 1863-1881.
26. Klarin, A. (2024). How to conduct a bibliometric content analysis: Guidelines and contributions of content co‐occurrence or co‐word literature reviews, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 48(2).
27. Kooij, D. T., van Woerkom, M., Wilkenloh, J., Dorenbosch, L., & Denissen, J. J. (2017). Job crafting towards strengths and interests: The effects of a job crafting intervention on person–job fit and the role of age. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(6), 971.
28. Li, Y., Li, X., & Liu, Y. (2021). How Does high-performance work system prompt job crafting through autonomous motivation: the moderating role of initiative climate. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 384.
29. Lichtenthaler, P. W., & Fischbach, A. (2019). A meta-analysis on promotion-and prevention-focused job crafting. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(1), 30-50.
30. McClelland, G. P., Leach, D. J., Clegg, C. W., & McGowan, I. (2014). Collaborative crafting in call centre teams. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 87(3), 464-486.
31. Miao, R., Cao, Y., Cheng, M., Yu, J., & Xi, N. (2023). Join forces from top and bottom: The influential mechanism of job crafting, high-performance work system on employee innovation behavior. Current Psychology, 42(29), 25917-25930.
32. Oprea, B., Păduraru, L., & Iliescu, D. (2022). Job crafting and intent to leave: the mediating role of meaningful work and engagement. Journal of Career Development, 49(1), 188-201.
33. Peng, C. (2018). A literature review of job crafting and its related researches. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 6(1), 1-7.
34. Petrou, P., and Bakker, A. B. (2015). Crafting one’s leisure time in response to high job strain, Human Relations, 69(2), 507-529. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726715590453
35. Rudolph, C. W., Katz, I. M., Lavigne, K. N., & Zacher, H. (2017). Job crafting: A meta-analysis of relationships with individual differences, job characteristics, and work outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 102, 112-138.
36. Ruan, W., Hou, H., & Hu, Z. (2017). Detecting dynamics of hot topics with alluvial diagrams: A timeline visualization. Journal of Data and Information Science, 2(3).
37. Rodrigues, F. R. e Cunha, M. P. Castanheira, F. Bal, P. M. and Jansen, P. G. (2020). “Person-job fit across the work lifespan–The case of classical ballet dancers”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, p. 118.
38. Saleem, S. Humayun, S. Raziq, M. M. Iqbal, M. Z. and Ahmad, M. (2024). Proactive personality and performance in the hospitality industry firms: mediating role of job crafting, Current Psychology, 43(3), 2516-2533.
39. Shi, Y., She, Z., Zhou, Z. E., Zhang, N., & Zhang, H. (2022). Job crafting and employee life satisfaction: A resource–gain–development perspective. Applied Psychology: Health and Well‐Being, 14(4), 1483-1502.
40. Smiciklas, M. (2012). The power of infographics: Using pictures to communicate and connect with your audiences. Que publishing.
41. Stempel, C. R., & Siestrup, K. (2022). Suddenly telework: job crafting as a way to promote employee well-being?. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 790862.
42. Tims, M. and Bakker, A. B. (2010). Job crafting: Towards a new model of individual job redesign, SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36(2), 1-9.
43. Tims, M. Bakker, A. B. and Derks, D. (2015). Job crafting and job performance: A longitudinal study, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 24(6), 914-928.
44. Tims, M. Twemlow, M. and Fong, C. Y. M. (2022). A state-of-the-art overview of job-crafting research: current trends and future research directions, Career Development International, 27(1), 54-78.
45. Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., Derks, D., & Van Rhenen, W. (2013). Job crafting at the team and individual level: Implications for work engagement and performance. Group & Organization Management, 38(4), 427-454.
46. Torraco, R. J. (2005). Work design theory: A review and critique with implications for human resource development, Human Resource Development Quarterly, 16(1), 85-109.
47. Travaglianti, F., Babic, A., & Hansez, I. (2016). The role of work-related needs in the relationship between job crafting, burnout, and engagement. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 42(1), 1-13.
48. Tuan, L. T. (2019). HR flexibility and job crafting in public organizations: The roles of knowledge sharing and public service motivation. Group & Organization Management, 44(3), 549-577.
49. Vakola, M., Petrou, P., & Katsaros, K. (2021). Work engagement and job crafting as conditions of ambivalent employees’ adaptation to organizational change. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 57(1), 57-79.
50. Van Eck, N. J., & Waltman, L. (2014). Visualizing bibliometric networks. In Measuring scholarly impact: Methods and practice (pp. 285-320). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
51. Vermooten, N., Boonzaier, B., & Kidd, M. (2019). Job crafting, proactive personality and meaningful work: Implications for employee engagement and turnover intention. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 45(1), 1-13.
52. Wingerden, J. V. and Poell, R. F. (2017). Employees’ perceived opportunities to craft and in-role performance: The mediating role of job crafting and work engagement, Frontiers in Psychology, 8.
53. Wrzesniewski, A. and Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work, Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179-201.
54. Xu, X., Jiang, L., & Wang, H. J. (2019). How to build your team for innovation? A cross‐level mediation model of team personality, team climate for innovation, creativity, and job crafting. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 92(4), 848-872.
55. Yelgin, Ç., & Geylan, A. (2024). Workplace Conflict Effect on Innovative Behavior: The Roles of Engagement and Proactive Personality. Ege Academic Review, 24(4), 579-592.
56. Zhang, F. and Parker, S. K. (2019). Reorienting job crafting research: A hierarchical structure of job crafting concepts and integrative review, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(2), 126-146.
57. Zhang, F., Wang, B., Qian, J., & Parker, S. K. (2021). Job crafting towards strengths and job crafting towards interests in overqualified employees: Different outcomes and boundary effects. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(5), 587-603.