Abstract

This article explores the interests of the Central Asian states as members of the SCO, their compatibility with the SCO goals. This study shows that the SCO is compatible with the Central Asian states‘s security and economic interests, regional cooperation, the need for balanced relations with the great powers—China, Russia and the United States. neighbourly relations; control over and effective utilisation of natural resources; enhanced trade and commercial dealings; access to world commodity and capital markets; establishment of national and regional infrastructure for transport and communications. They are clearly most ‗interested in the SCO ‘s practical undertakings for regional security and development such as confidence-building, anti- terrorism activity, fighting drug trafficking

Keywords

• Central Asia, energy,security, eurasia, SCO

THE INTERESTS OF THE CENTRAL ASIAN STATES AND THE SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANIZATION

Abstract

Bu makale Şangai İşbirliği Örgütü ( ŞİÖ ) üyesi Orta Asya devletlerinin Örgütün amaçları bağlamında çıkarlarının neler olduğunu araştırmaktadır. Bu çalışma orta asya devletlerinin ŞİÖ‘ne üyeliklerinin güvenlik ve ekonomik çıkarları,bölgesel işbirliği ve Rusya,Çin ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile dengeli ilişkiler için yararlı olduğunu göstermektedir.Orta asya devletlerinin ŞİÖ‘ne üye olmakla şu çıkarlara ulaşmaya çalışmaktadırlar: ulus oluşturma, egemenlik ve bağımsızlıklarını dış müdahalelerden korumak, ulusal güvenliklerini sağlamak, iç ve dış tehditlere karşı sınırlarını korumak, komşu devletler ile iyi ilişikler kurmak, doğal kaynakları üzerinde kontrol sağlamak ve bu kaynakları verimli bir şekilde kullanmak, ticaretlerini geliştirmek, dünya ticaret pazarlarına açılmak, ulaştırma ve haberleşme için ulusal ve bölgesel alt yapının kurulması. Ayrıca, bu devletler bölgesel güvenlik ve ekonomik gelişmenin sağlanması için terör ve uyuşturucu madde kaçakçılığıyla ortak mücadelenin sağlanması içinde ŞİÖ‘ne ilgi duymaktadırlar

Keywords

• Orta Asya,Enerji, Güvenlik, Avrasya,SCO

References

1. ABAZOV, Rafis ( 2006 ), ―Chinese in Central Asia: Loyal Citizens or Fifth Column?‖ Central Asia-Caucasus Analyst, February 8, 2006, http://www.cacianalyst.org/view_article.php?articleid=3987 (Accessed April2009).
2. ANTELAVA, Natalya ( 2007 ), ―Dam Project Aims to Save Aral Sea,‖ BBC News, April 9, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6538219.stm (Accessed May 2009).
3. AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL ( 2006 ), Amnesty International Report 2006, (Amnesty http://web.amnesty.org/report2006/index- eng (Accessed March 2009). International: British Section,
4. ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK ( 2002 ), ―Technical Assistance to the Republic of http://www.adb.org/Documents/TARs/TAJ/tar Februrary 2009). the Hydropower Development Strategy,‖, (Accessed taj35153.pdf
5. ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK ( 2005 ), ―UNESCAP and ADB Assistance for SCO to Support Preparation of Regional Transport Agreement,‖ CAREC Quarterly Periodicals/CAREC/newsletter- apr2005.pdf (accessed February 2009). http://www.adb.org/Documents/
6. BEDDOES, Zanny Minton- ( 1998 ), ―A Survey of Central Asia: a Caspian Gamble: Pipeline Poker,‖ The Economist346( 8054 ) : 3-18.
7. BLACKMON, Pamela ( 2005 ), ―Back to the USSR: why the past does matter in explaining differences in the economic reform processes of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan‖, Central Asian Survey, 24( 4 ) :391–404.
8. BLAGOV, Sergei ( 2002 ), ―Shanghai Cooperation Organization Prepares for New Role,‖ Eurasianet.org, April 29, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3 &tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=176&no_cache=1 ( Accessed April 2009).

9. BLAGOV, Sergei ( 2005 ), ―Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit Suggests New Russia-China Links,‖ Eurasia Daily Monitor, July 6, 2(30). http://www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=3 &tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=176&no_cache=1 ( Accessed April 2009).
10. BOHR, Annette ( 2004 ), ―Regionalism in Central Asia: New Geopolitics, Old Regional Order,‖ International Affairs,80( 3 ) : 485-502
11. BOWERS, Stephen R; Musayev, Bakhodir; Samson, Steven Alan ( 2006 ), The Islamic Threat to Eastern Central Asia, The Journal of Social, Political, and Economic Studies,31( 4 ) : 375-397.
12. BRUMMER, Matthew ( 2007 ),‖The Shanghai Cooperation organization And Iran: A Power-Full Union‖, Journal of International Affairs, 60 (.2 ): 185-198.
13. CHUNG, Chien-peng ( 2006 ), ―China and the Institutionalization of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization‖,Problems of Post-Communism, 53 ( 5 ): 3–14.
14. COHEN, Ariel ( 2006 ), ―After the G-8 Summit: China and the Shanghai
15. Cooperation Organization‖, China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, 4 ( 3 ): 51-64
16. COHEN, Gregory Cohen ( 2005 ), ―Collective Security and Non-State Actors in Eurasia‖, International Studies Perspectives, 6: 274-284
17. COLLINS, Kathleen (2007), ―Ideas, Networks,and Islamist Movements Evidence from Central Asia and the Caucasus‖, World Politics. 60 ( 1 ): 64-96.
18. Daly, John ( 2005 ), ―Sino-Kyrgyz Relations After the Tulip Revolution,‖ Jamestown Foundation China Brief, June 7, http://www.asianresearch.org/articles/2614.html (Accessed May 2009).
19. DE HAAS, Marcel ( 2007 ),‖The Shanghai Cooperation and the OSCE: Two of a kind?‖, Helsinki Monitor, 18 ( 3 ) :.246-259.
20. FREEDOM HOUSE PRESS ( 2006 ), ―Freedom House Director of Programs Testifies on Freedom in Central Asia,‖ April 26, http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=70&release=359. (Accessed May 2009).
21. HANKS, Reuel R. ( 2005 ), Central Asia: a global studies handbook, ABC-CLIO.
22. HORSMAN, Stuart ( 2001 ), ―Water in Central Asia: Regional Cooperation of Conflict?‖ In Central Asian Security, (Ed.) Roy Allison and Lena Johnson ,Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press. KAY, Sean ( 2006 ), Global security in the twenty-first century: the quest for power and the search for peace, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
23. KABULOV, Egamberdy ( 2006 ), ―‗Water War‘ Brewing on the Horizon?‖ Asia Water Wire, December 4, http://www.asiawaterwire.net/node/491 (Accessed March 2009).
24. KANDIYOTI, Rafael ( 2008 ), ―What price access to the open seas? The geopolitics of oil and gastransmission from the Trans-Caspian republics‖, Central Asian Survey,27 ( 1 ):75–93. KATZ, Mark ( 2006 ), ―Revolutionary Change in Central Asia,‖ World Affairs, 168 ( 4 ) :157-171.
25. KELLNER, Thierry ( 2004 ), The OSCE and the multiple challenges of transition: the Caucasus and Central Asia, ( Ed. Farian Sabahi, Daniel Warner ), Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.,
26. KENDZIOR, Sarah ( 2006 ), ―Inventing Akromiya: The Role of Uzbek Propagandists in the Andijon Massacre‖, Demokratizatsiya; 14 ( 4 ). KIMMAGE, Daniel ( 2005 ), ―Week at a Glance,‖ Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Reports, 5, No. 43, November 10, http://www.rferl.org/reports/centralasia/2005/11/43-101105.asp (Accessed March )
27. KRASTEV, Nikola ( 2006 ), ―Uzbekistan: Freedom House Becomes Latest NGO Casualty,‖ Eurasianet.org, February, http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/civilsociety/articles/pp021306.shtml (Accessed April 2009 ).
28. LEE, Choong Y., Ekaterina Kolesnikova ( 2009 ), ―FDI and Its Significance on Economic Development in Kazakhstan: Issues and Prospects‖,The Journal of International Management Studies,4( 128 ):127-134.
29. LUBIN, Nancy ( 2004 ), ―Who‘s Watching the Watchdogs?: Drug Trafficking in Central Asia,‖ in In the Tracks of Tamerlane: Central Asia‘s Path to the 21st Century, ed. Daniel L. Burghart and Theresa Sabonis-Helf, Washington, DC: National Defense University.
30. LUKIN, Alexander ( 2007 ), ―The Shanghai Cooperation Organization: What Next?‖ Russia in Global Affairs,2, http://eng.globalaffairs.ru/numbers/20/1135.html (Accessed February 2009).
31. MARAT, Erica ( 2007 ), ―SCO Summit Focuses on Energy Cooperation,‖ Eurasia Daily Monitor, August 17, http://www.jamestown.org/edm/article.php?article_id=2372387(Accessed May 2009 ).
32. MCDERMOTT, Roger ( 2003 ), ―Shanghai Cooperation Organization Takes Significant Step Towards Viability,‖ Eurasianet.org, http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav090503b (Accessed April 2009).
33. MCGLINCHEY, Eric ( 2005 ) , Autocrats, Islamists, and the Rise of Radicalism in Central Asia ,Current History, 104 ( 684 ).
34. NICHOL, Jim ( 2006 ), ―Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests,‖ Congressional Research Service Report for Congress, http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/ 76879.pdf (Accessed May 2009).
35. ÖKSÜZ, Suat ( 2009 ), ― An Emerging Powerhouse In Eurasıan Geopolitics : The Shanghai Six+‖, Ege Academic Review, 9 ( 2 ): 713-734.
36. PANNIER, Bruce ( 2007 ), ―Central Asia: SCO to Hold Largest Military Exercises to Date,‖ Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1078047.html (Accessed April 2009).
37. PARAMONOV, V, , A and Khoshnazarov, S.( 2006 ), ―Regional cooperation in Central Asia: A view from Uzbekistan (I)‖, Problems of Economic Transition, 49 ( 4 ) : 6–86.
38. POMFRET,Richard ( 2005 ), ―Kazakhstan‘s Economy since Independence:Does the Oil Boom Offer a Second Chance for Sustainable Development?‖, Europe Asia Studies, 57 ( 6 ) : 859 – 876
39. PORTER, Michael E. ( 2005 ), Kazakhstan‘s Competitiveness: Roadmap Towards a Diversified Economy, Almaty.
40. RADNITZ, S. ( 2006 ) ,‖Weighing the political and economic motivations for migration in post-soviet space: The case of Uzbekistan‖, Europe-Asia Studies,.8 ( 5 ) : 653–677.
41. REPUBLIC of Uzbekistan Portal of State Authority, http://www.gov.uz/en/ctx.scm?sectionId=119&contentId=1944 ( Accseed March )
42. RUFFIN, M. Holt ( 1999 ), Civil society in Central Asia, ( Ed. ) M. Holt Ruffin, Daniel Clarke Waugh, University of Washington Press.
43. RUMER, Boris Z. ( 1996 ), Central Asia in transition: dilemmas of political and economic development, M.E. Sharpe.
44. SAIDAZIMOVA, Gulnoza ( 2004 ), ―Kazakhstan: Soros Foundation Says Tax Evasion Case is Politically Motivated,‖ December 30, http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/12/c217e0f5-2512-4606-8d79- f429e36e.html (Accessed April 2009 ).
45. Sakiev, Marat ( 2006 ), ―International Water Resource Management: Division of Hydro Resources between the Kyrgyz Republic and Republic of Uzbekistan,‖ Presentation by National Agency of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, http://www.narucpartnerships.org/Presentations/Kyrgyz/oct06/NAAPDC/Sakiev International%20management%20of%20hydro%20resources%20between%20 KG%20&%20UZ eng.pdf (Accessed March 2009).
46. SCHRI, Daan van der ( 2005 ), ―The IMU: Fish in Search of a Sea,‖ Eurasianet.org, pp031405.shtml (Accessed March 2009). SPLİDSBOEL-HANSEN, Flemming ( 2000 ), ―GUUAM and the Future of CIS Military Cooperation‖, European Security, 9 ( 4 ) : 92-110
47. The World Bank , Country Brief (2009 ), http://www.worldbank.org.kz/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/KAZ AKHSTANEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20629270~menuPK:361877~pagePK:141137~ piPK:141127~theSitePK:361869,00.htm ( Accessed march 2009).
48. UNITED NATIONS ( 2008 ), International Instruments Related To The Prevention and Suppression Of International Terrorism, United Nations Publications.
49. UNITED NATIONS, World Drug Report ( 2008 ),United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, Austria: United Nations, http://www.unodc.org/documents/wdr/WDR_2008/Executive%20Summary.pdf (Accessed April 2009 ).
50. U.S. ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, Country Analysis Brief, May ,http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/country/country_energy_data.cfm?fips=UZ (accessed May 2009).
51. U.S. FEDERAL RESEARCH DIVISION ( 2007 ), ―Country Profile: Kyrgyzstan,‖ http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ frd/cs/profiles/Kyrgyzstan.pdf (Accessed March 2009).
52. U.S. FEDERAL RESEARCH DIVISION ( 2007 ), ―Country Profile: Tajikistan,‖, http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ frd/cs/profiles/Tajikistan.pdf (Accessed March 2009 ).
53. VERME, P. ( 2006 ), ―Macroeconomic policies and social unrest in Uzbekistan‖,
54. Post-Soviet Affairs ,22 8 3) : 276–288. WANG, Gungwu ( 2008 ), Yongnian Zheng, China and the new international order, Routledge.
55. YEGOROV, Yuri ( 2004 ), ―Uzbekistan Agrees to Remove Minefields Along its
56. Border with Kyrgyzstan,‖ Eurasia Daily Monitor,1 ( 41 ) ,June 29,, http://www.jamestown.org/ publications_details.php?volume_id=401&issue_id=3001&article_id=2368167 (Accessed March 2009).
57. ZARDYKHAN, Zharmukhamed ( 2002 ), ―Kazakhstan and Central Asia: regional perspectives‖, Central Asian Survey, 21 ( 2 ) :167–183.
58. ZARIFI, Hamrokhon ( 2007 ), ―Hydro Energy Potential of Tajikistan; Present and Future,‖ Presentation on regional cooperation in the sector of power and communications for the working group on economic cooperation in the framework of the ‗Central Asia + Japan‘ dialogue,5 January,http://www.tjus.org/ prezentatsiya Zaripova eng.pdf (accessed January 2007).