Kitlesel Fonlama Projelerinde Destekçi Motivasyonunun Analitik Ağ Süreci İle İncelenmesi

Abstract

Kitlesel fonlama, yeni girişimciler için online platformlar aracılığı ile geniş bir kitleden bireysel desteklerle finans sağlama yöntemidir. Bu yöntemde fonlanan (proje sahipleri) ve fonlayıcı (destekçiler) olmak üzere iki taraf bulunmaktadır. Projenin finans kaynağının sağlanması ve hayata geçirilmesi için her iki tarafın da motivasyonlarının büyük etkisi vardır. Bu çalışmada projelere destek verenlerin bireysel ve toplumsal motivasyon önceliklerinin Analitik Ağ Süreci (AAS) Yöntemi ile belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç kapsamında, bireysel (ödül, güven, aidiyet, duygusal bağ) ve toplumsal (sosyal sorumluluk, yardımlaşma, bir olayı destekleme) motivasyonların, alternatifler (teknoloji, tasarım, eğlence, yayın) kümesi ile ilişkileri ve aralarındaki etkileşimler araştırılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre bireysel motivasyon olarak güven, toplumsal motivasyon olarak bir olayı destekleme, alternatifler arasında da teknoloji kategorisi en yüksek öncelik değerlerine sahip olan faktörler olmuştur.

Keywords

• Analitik Ağ Süreci
• Girişimcilik
• Kitlesel Fonlama
• Motivasyon

Analysis of Funders Motivations in Crowdfunding Projects with Analytic Network Process

Abstract

Crowdfunding is a method for newborn entrepreneurs which allows financial resource from a huge crowd via online platforms. There are two sides in crowdfunding; founders (the Project creators) and funders (supporters). The motivation of both sides has a great effect to provide financial resource and realize the project. In this study, it is aimed to determine the individual and social motivation priorities of funders with Analytical Network Process (ANP) method. For this purpose, the relationship between individual (reward, confidence, belonging, emotional bond), social (social responsibility, help others, support a cause) motivations and the cluster of alternatives (technology, design, entertainment, publishing) and their interactions were investigated. According to the analysis results, trust as an individual motivation, supporting an event as social motivation and the technology category among the alternatives have the highest priority values.

Keywords

• Analytic Network Process
• Crowdfunding
• Entrepreneurship
• motivation

References

1. Agrawal, A. K., Catalini, C. ve Goldfarb, A. (2011) “The Geography of Crowdfunding” National Bureau of Economic Research.
2. Belleflamme, P., Lambert, T. ve Schwienbacher, A. (2014) “Crowdfunding: Tapping The Right Crowd” Journal of Business Venturing, 29(5): 585-609.
3. Collins, L. ve Pierrakis, Y. (2012) “The Venture Crowd: Crowdfunding Equity Investments Into Business”.
4. Cosh, A., Cumming, D. ve Hughes, A. (2009) “Outside Enterpreneurial Capital” The Economic Journal, 119(540): 1494-1533.
5. De Buysere, K., Gajda, O., Kleverlaan, R., Marom, D. ve Klaes, M. (2012) “A Framework For European Crowdfunding” European Crowdfunding Network.
6. Dyer, R. F. ve Forman, E. H. (1992) “Group Decision Support With The Analytic Hierarchy Process” Decision Support Systems, 8(2): 99-124.
7. Ercan, S. (2017) “Türkiye’de Kitlesel Fonlama: Destekçilerin Motivasyonu” Ekonomi, İşletme ve Yönetim Dergisi, 1 (1): 1-9.
8. Forman, Ernest H. ve Gass, Saul I. (2001) “The analytic hierarchy process—an exposition” Operations Research, 49(4): 469-486.

9. Gencer, C. ve Gürpinar, D. (2007) “Analytic Network Process In Supplier Selection: A Case Study In An Electronic Firm” Applied Mathematical Modelling, 31(11): 2475-2486.
10. Gerber, E. M. ve Hui, J. (2013) “Crowdfunding: Motivations and Deterrents For Participation” ACM Transactions on Computer- Human Interaction (TOCHI), 20(6): 34.
11. Gerber, E. M., Hui, J. S. ve Kuo, P. Y. (2012) “Crowdfunding: Why people are motivated to post and fund projects on crowdfunding platforms” In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Design, Influence, and Social Technologies: Techniques, Impacts and Ethics, 2(11).
12. Hafeez, K., Zhang, Y. ve Malak, N. (2002) “Determining key capabilities of a firm using analytic hierarchy process” International Journal of Production Economics, 76(1), 39-51.
13. Hermer, J. (2011a) “A Snapshot On Crowdfunding” Working Papers Firms and Region.
14. Hermer, J., Schneider, U., Dornbusch, F. ve Frey, S. (2011b) “Crowdfunding und Andere Formen Informeller Mikrofinanzierung in der Projekt- und Innovationsfinanzie-rung” Final Report. Karlsruhe: Fraunhofer ISI.
15. Howe, J. (2006) “The Rise Of Crowdsourcing” Wired magazine, 14(6): 1-4.
16. Hui, J. S., Greenberg, M. D. ve Gerber, E. M. (2014) “Understanding The Role Of Community In Crowdfunding Work” In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference On Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing, 62-74.
17. Jharkharia, S. ve Shankar, R. (2007) “Selection Of Logistics Service Provider: An Analytic Network Process (ANP) Approach” Omega, 35(3): 274-289.
18. Kickstarter. (2017) https://www.kickstarter.com/help/stats, (15.12.2017)
19. Kraut, R. E. ve Resnick, P. (2011) “Encouraging contribution to online communities. Building successful online communities: Evidence-based social design” 21-76.
20. Kuppuswamy, V. ve Bayus, B. L. (2015) “Crowdfunding Creative Ideas: The Dynamics Of Project Backers In Kickstarter”.
21. Lambert, T. ve Schwienbacher, A. (2010) “An Empirical Analysis Of Crowdfunding” Social Science Research Network, 1-23.
22. Lehner, O. M. (2013) “Crowdfunding Social Ventures: A Model and Research Agenda” Venture Capital, 15(4): 289-311.
23. Meade, Laura M. ve Presley, Adiren. (2002) “R&D project selection using the analytic network process” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 49(1), 59-66.
24. Mollick, E. (2014) “The Dynamics Of Crowdfunding: An Exploratory Study” Journal Of Business Venturing, 29(1): 1-16.
25. Ordanini, A., Miceli, L., Pizzetti, M. ve Parasuraman, A. (2011) “Crowd-funding: Transforming Customers Into Investors Through Innovative Service Platforms” Journal Of Service Management, 22(4): 443-470.
26. Reiss, S. (2004) “Multifaceted Nature Of Intrinsic Motivation: The Theory Of 16 Basic Desires” Review Of General Psychology, 8(3): 179.
27. Saaty, T. L. (1980) “The Analytic Hierarchy Process” NY. Mc- Graw-Hill, USA.
28. Saaty, T. L. (1996) “Decision Making With Dependence and Feedback: The Analytic Network Process” Pittsburgh: RWS publications.
29. Saaty, T. L. (2001) “Analytic Network Process” In Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science, Springer US, 28-35.
30. Saaty, T. L. (2001) “Analytic Network Process” In Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science, Springer US, 28-35.
31. Saaty, T. L. (2008) “Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process” International Journal of Services Sciences, 1(1), 83-98.
32. Schwienbacher, A. ve Larralde, B. (2010) “Crowdfunding Of Small Entrepreneurial Ventures”.