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ÇALIŞMA PAYLAŞIMI İŞSİZLİKLE MÜCADELEDE ETKİLİ BİR POLİTİKA MIDIR?

Year 2004, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 59 - 68, 01.05.2004

Mustafa Kemal Biçerli

Abstract

Gelişmiş Avrupa ülkelerinin çoğu son 30 yıldan bu yana işsizlik problemi ile karşı karşıyadırlar. Bu ülkelerde emek arzının erken emeklilik ve çalışma sürelerinin kısaltılması yoluyla azaltılması 1970’lerin sonunda itibaren işsizlikle mücadelede izlenilen başlıca yollar olmuştur. Bu makalede “çalışma paylaşımı” olarak isimlendirilen söz konusu politikalar gerek teorik gerekse uygulama açılarından analiz edilerek bunların işsizlikle mücadelede etkin araçlar olup olmadıkları sorgulanmaya çalışılmıştır. Yapılan ampirik gözlemler çalışma paylaşımı politikasının yüksek maliyetlerine karşılık iş yaratma konusunda etkilerinin zayıf olduğunu, dolayısıyla işsizlikle mücadelede etkin bir politika olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu durum 1980’lerin ortalarından itibaren söz konusu politikaların yaygınlığını büyük ölçüde azaltmıştır

References

  • BAKER, Michael ve DWAYNE, Benjamin (1999): “Early Retirement Provision And The Labor Force Behavior of Older Men: Evidence From Canada” , Journal of Labor Economics, Vol.17, No.4, Part 1, October, ss. 724-756.
  • BOSCH, Gerhard ve LEHNDORFF, Steffen (2001): “Working-Time Reduction And Employment: Experiences in Europe and Economic Policy Recommendations”, Cambridge Journal Of Economics, 25, ss. 209-243.
  • BRUNELLO, Giorgio (1989): “The Employment Effect Of Shorter Working Hours: An Application to Japanese Data”, Economica, November, ss. 473- 486.
  • CASEY, Bernard (1996): “Exit Options from the Labor Force”, Ed. Günther Schmid, Jacqueline O’Reilly ve Klaus Schömann; International Handbook of Labor Market Policy and Evaluation, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham U.K., 1996, ss.379-401.
  • CASEY, Bernard ve LACZKO, Frank (1989): “Early Retirement a Long Term Unemployment?: The Situation of Non-Working Men Age 55-64 from 1979 to 1986”, Work, Employment and Society, Vol.3, No.4, ss.509-526.
  • CASEY, Bernard ve WOOD Stephen (1994): “Great Britain: Firm Policy, State Policy and the Employment of Older Workers”, Ed. Frieder Naschold ve Bert de Vroom, Regulating Employment and Welfare, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, ss.363-394.
  • DANKERT, Clyde E. (1962): “Shorter Hours in Theory and Practice”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 15, No. 3, April, ss. 307- 322.
  • GRAY, David M. (2002): “Early Retirement Programs and Wage Restraint: Empirical Evidence From France”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, April, Vol. 55, Issue 3, ss.512-533 makalenin EBSCOhost veri tabanından elde edilen nüshası, ss.1-21.
  • GUILLEMARD, Anne-Marie ve GUNSTEREN, Herman Van (1991): “Pathways and their Prospects: A Comperative Interpretation of the Meaninig of Early Exit”, Ed. Martin Kohli, Martin Rein, Anne-Marie Guillemard ve Herman van Gunsteren, Time For Retirement: Comperative Studies of Early Exit from the Labor Force, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge, ss. 362- 387.
  • GUILLEMARD, Anne-Marie (1991): “France: Massive Exit Through Unemployment Compensation”, Ed. Martin Kohli, Martin Rein, Anne-Marie Guillemard ve Herman van Gunsteren, Time For Retirement: Comperative Studies of Early Exit from the Labor Force, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge, ss. 127-180.
  • HUNT, Jennifer ve KATZ, Lawrance F. (1998): “Hours Reduction as Work Sharing”, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Vol.1998, No.1, ss. 339-381.
  • JACOBS, Klaus; KOHLI, Martin ve REIN, Martin (1991): “Germany: The Diversity of Pathways”, Ed. Martin Kohli, Martin Rein, Anne-Marie Guillemard ve Herman van Gunsteren, Time For Retirement: Comperative Studies of Early Exit from the Labor Force, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge, ss. 181-221.
  • JACOBSON, Tor ve OHLSSON, Henry (1996): “Working Time, Employment and Work Sharing: Evidence From Sweden”, Stockholm School Of Economics, Working Paper Series In Economics And Finance, WP No: 135, November, ss. 1-22.
  • KOLBERG, John Eivind ve KOLSTAD, Arne (1991): “Unemployment Regimes”, International Journal Of Sociology, Vol.21, Issue 4, Winter, ss.171-192.
  • LACZKO, Frank ve PHILLIPSON, Chris (1991): Changing Work and Retirement, Open University Pres, Philedelphia.
  • LANOIE, Paul; RAYMOND, François ve SHEARER, Bruce (1996): “Work Sharing And Productivity: Evidence From a Natural Experiment”, CIRANO Working Papers No.96s-06, Montreal, ss. 1-20.
  • LAYARD, Richard; NICKELL, Stephen ve JACKMAN (1991): Richard, Unemployment: Macroeconomic Performance And The Labor Market, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • MOSLEY, Hugh ve KRUPPE,Thomas (1996): “Employment Stabilization Through Short Time Work”, Eds. Günther Schmid, Jacqueline O’Reilly, Klaus Schömann, International Handbook Of Labour Market Policy And Evaluation, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, U.K.,1996, ss. 594-622.
  • NASCHOLD, Freider vd. (1994): “Germany: The Concerted Transition from Work to Welfare”, Ed. Frieder Naschold ve Bert de Vroom, Regulating Employment and Welfare, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, ss.117-182.
  • PURDY, David (1998): “Redistributing Work: The Role of the Welfare State”, Ed. Jane Wheelock ve John Vail, Work and Idleness: The Political Economy of Full-Employment, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, ss. 205-217.
  • SKANS Oscar Nordstörm (2001): “The Effects Of Working Time Reductions on Wages, Actual Hours and Equilibrium Unemployment”, IFAU- Office Of Labor Market Policy Evaluation Working Paper No: 2001/8, ss. 1-43.
  • WADENSJÖ, Eskil (1991): “Sweden: Partial Exit”, Ed. Martin Kohli, Martin Rein, Anne-Marie Guillemard ve Herman van Gunsteren, Time For Retirement: Comperative Studies of Early Exit from the Labor Force, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge, ss. 284-323.
  • WAGNER, Alexandra (1998): “Early Retirement in Germany: Labor Market Relief versus Pension Funds Consolidation”, Ed. Thomas Lange, Unemployment in Theory and Practice, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham U.K., ss.122-142.

Year 2004, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 59 - 68, 01.05.2004

Mustafa Kemal Biçerli

Abstract

In the last thirty years most of the European Welfare States have been plauged by mass unemployment. Since late 1970’s, labor shedding via early retirement and shorter work hours per worker has seen as major pathways out of employment crisis. In this study we try to analyse these policies from both theoretical and practical standpoints. According to the findings of empirical studies they do not seem very effective to help to solve unemployment problem. These policies have been progresively criticized because of their large costs and relatively weak impacts on the jobs’ creation. For this reason work sharing policies have experienced a strong decline in their popularity since the mid 1980’s

References

  • BAKER, Michael ve DWAYNE, Benjamin (1999): “Early Retirement Provision And The Labor Force Behavior of Older Men: Evidence From Canada” , Journal of Labor Economics, Vol.17, No.4, Part 1, October, ss. 724-756.
  • BOSCH, Gerhard ve LEHNDORFF, Steffen (2001): “Working-Time Reduction And Employment: Experiences in Europe and Economic Policy Recommendations”, Cambridge Journal Of Economics, 25, ss. 209-243.
  • BRUNELLO, Giorgio (1989): “The Employment Effect Of Shorter Working Hours: An Application to Japanese Data”, Economica, November, ss. 473- 486.
  • CASEY, Bernard (1996): “Exit Options from the Labor Force”, Ed. Günther Schmid, Jacqueline O’Reilly ve Klaus Schömann; International Handbook of Labor Market Policy and Evaluation, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham U.K., 1996, ss.379-401.
  • CASEY, Bernard ve LACZKO, Frank (1989): “Early Retirement a Long Term Unemployment?: The Situation of Non-Working Men Age 55-64 from 1979 to 1986”, Work, Employment and Society, Vol.3, No.4, ss.509-526.
  • CASEY, Bernard ve WOOD Stephen (1994): “Great Britain: Firm Policy, State Policy and the Employment of Older Workers”, Ed. Frieder Naschold ve Bert de Vroom, Regulating Employment and Welfare, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, ss.363-394.
  • DANKERT, Clyde E. (1962): “Shorter Hours in Theory and Practice”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Vol. 15, No. 3, April, ss. 307- 322.
  • GRAY, David M. (2002): “Early Retirement Programs and Wage Restraint: Empirical Evidence From France”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, April, Vol. 55, Issue 3, ss.512-533 makalenin EBSCOhost veri tabanından elde edilen nüshası, ss.1-21.
  • GUILLEMARD, Anne-Marie ve GUNSTEREN, Herman Van (1991): “Pathways and their Prospects: A Comperative Interpretation of the Meaninig of Early Exit”, Ed. Martin Kohli, Martin Rein, Anne-Marie Guillemard ve Herman van Gunsteren, Time For Retirement: Comperative Studies of Early Exit from the Labor Force, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge, ss. 362- 387.
  • GUILLEMARD, Anne-Marie (1991): “France: Massive Exit Through Unemployment Compensation”, Ed. Martin Kohli, Martin Rein, Anne-Marie Guillemard ve Herman van Gunsteren, Time For Retirement: Comperative Studies of Early Exit from the Labor Force, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge, ss. 127-180.
  • HUNT, Jennifer ve KATZ, Lawrance F. (1998): “Hours Reduction as Work Sharing”, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Vol.1998, No.1, ss. 339-381.
  • JACOBS, Klaus; KOHLI, Martin ve REIN, Martin (1991): “Germany: The Diversity of Pathways”, Ed. Martin Kohli, Martin Rein, Anne-Marie Guillemard ve Herman van Gunsteren, Time For Retirement: Comperative Studies of Early Exit from the Labor Force, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge, ss. 181-221.
  • JACOBSON, Tor ve OHLSSON, Henry (1996): “Working Time, Employment and Work Sharing: Evidence From Sweden”, Stockholm School Of Economics, Working Paper Series In Economics And Finance, WP No: 135, November, ss. 1-22.
  • KOLBERG, John Eivind ve KOLSTAD, Arne (1991): “Unemployment Regimes”, International Journal Of Sociology, Vol.21, Issue 4, Winter, ss.171-192.
  • LACZKO, Frank ve PHILLIPSON, Chris (1991): Changing Work and Retirement, Open University Pres, Philedelphia.
  • LANOIE, Paul; RAYMOND, François ve SHEARER, Bruce (1996): “Work Sharing And Productivity: Evidence From a Natural Experiment”, CIRANO Working Papers No.96s-06, Montreal, ss. 1-20.
  • LAYARD, Richard; NICKELL, Stephen ve JACKMAN (1991): Richard, Unemployment: Macroeconomic Performance And The Labor Market, Oxford University Press, New York.
  • MOSLEY, Hugh ve KRUPPE,Thomas (1996): “Employment Stabilization Through Short Time Work”, Eds. Günther Schmid, Jacqueline O’Reilly, Klaus Schömann, International Handbook Of Labour Market Policy And Evaluation, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, U.K.,1996, ss. 594-622.
  • NASCHOLD, Freider vd. (1994): “Germany: The Concerted Transition from Work to Welfare”, Ed. Frieder Naschold ve Bert de Vroom, Regulating Employment and Welfare, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, ss.117-182.
  • PURDY, David (1998): “Redistributing Work: The Role of the Welfare State”, Ed. Jane Wheelock ve John Vail, Work and Idleness: The Political Economy of Full-Employment, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, ss. 205-217.
  • SKANS Oscar Nordstörm (2001): “The Effects Of Working Time Reductions on Wages, Actual Hours and Equilibrium Unemployment”, IFAU- Office Of Labor Market Policy Evaluation Working Paper No: 2001/8, ss. 1-43.
  • WADENSJÖ, Eskil (1991): “Sweden: Partial Exit”, Ed. Martin Kohli, Martin Rein, Anne-Marie Guillemard ve Herman van Gunsteren, Time For Retirement: Comperative Studies of Early Exit from the Labor Force, Cambridge University Pres, Cambridge, ss. 284-323.
  • WAGNER, Alexandra (1998): “Early Retirement in Germany: Labor Market Relief versus Pension Funds Consolidation”, Ed. Thomas Lange, Unemployment in Theory and Practice, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham U.K., ss.122-142.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA62KT33YV
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mustafa Kemal Biçerli This is me

Publication Date May 1, 2004
Published in Issue Year 2004 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Biçerli, M. K. (2004). ÇALIŞMA PAYLAŞIMI İŞSİZLİKLE MÜCADELEDE ETKİLİ BİR POLİTİKA MIDIR?. Ege Academic Review, 4(1), 59-68.
AMA Biçerli MK. ÇALIŞMA PAYLAŞIMI İŞSİZLİKLE MÜCADELEDE ETKİLİ BİR POLİTİKA MIDIR?. ear. May 2004;4(1):59-68.
Chicago Biçerli, Mustafa Kemal. “ÇALIŞMA PAYLAŞIMI İŞSİZLİKLE MÜCADELEDE ETKİLİ BİR POLİTİKA MIDIR?”. Ege Academic Review 4, no. 1 (May 2004): 59-68.
EndNote Biçerli MK (May 1, 2004) ÇALIŞMA PAYLAŞIMI İŞSİZLİKLE MÜCADELEDE ETKİLİ BİR POLİTİKA MIDIR?. Ege Academic Review 4 1 59–68.
IEEE M. K. Biçerli, “ÇALIŞMA PAYLAŞIMI İŞSİZLİKLE MÜCADELEDE ETKİLİ BİR POLİTİKA MIDIR?”, ear, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 59–68, 2004.
ISNAD Biçerli, Mustafa Kemal. “ÇALIŞMA PAYLAŞIMI İŞSİZLİKLE MÜCADELEDE ETKİLİ BİR POLİTİKA MIDIR?”. Ege Academic Review 4/1 (May 2004), 59-68.
JAMA Biçerli MK. ÇALIŞMA PAYLAŞIMI İŞSİZLİKLE MÜCADELEDE ETKİLİ BİR POLİTİKA MIDIR?. ear. 2004;4:59–68.
MLA Biçerli, Mustafa Kemal. “ÇALIŞMA PAYLAŞIMI İŞSİZLİKLE MÜCADELEDE ETKİLİ BİR POLİTİKA MIDIR?”. Ege Academic Review, vol. 4, no. 1, 2004, pp. 59-68.
Vancouver Biçerli MK. ÇALIŞMA PAYLAŞIMI İŞSİZLİKLE MÜCADELEDE ETKİLİ BİR POLİTİKA MIDIR?. ear. 2004;4(1):59-68.