ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER KURAMINDA ‘KONSTRÜKTİVİST DÖNÜŞÜ’ ANLAMAK

Year 2009, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 771 - 795, 01.05.2009

Mustafa Küçük

Abstract

Uluslararası İlişkiler kuramında 1990’lı yılların ‘konstrüktivist dönüşü’ temsil etmesi bir yandan Soğuk Savaş’ın sona ermesiyle birlikte kimlik, kültür ve normlar gibi düşünsel ve toplumsal ögelerin uluslararası politikada canlanmasına ve uluslararası ilişkiler çalışmalarında giderek önem kazanmasına, diğer yandan anaakım kuramsal yaklaşımlara yöneltilen ciddi eleştirilerle birlikte disiplinde yeni yaklaşımların izlenebileceği bir alanın açılmış olmasına bağlıdır. Sosyal konstrüktivist yaklaşımların uluslararası ilişkilerin özellikle toplumsal niteliğine yaptığı vurgu ile disiplinde pozitivist yaklaşımlar ile post-pozitivist yaklaşımlar arasında bir ‘orta yolu’ temsil veya ‘inşa’ ettiği iddiası bu yaklaşımların Uluslararası İlişkiler kuramında merkezi bir konum edinmiş olmasında etkili olmuştur. Bu bağlamda sosyal konstrüktivizm rasyonalist kuramsal yaklaşımları eleştirmekle birlikte, postmodernist ve post-yapısalcı rölativizmi reddeden ve ampirik çalışmaları ile bir sosyal bilim olarak gördükleri Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinine katkıda bulunmak isteyenlere ev sahipliği yapar

Keywords

Uluslararası İlişkiler kuramı, konstrüktivizm, rasyonalizm

MAKING SENSE OF ‘CONSTRUCTIVIST TURN’ IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORY

Abstract

That ‘constructivist turn’ characterized International Relations theory in the 1990s was due to, on the one hand, the resurgence in international politics of such ideational and societal factors as identity, culture, and norms with the end of the Cold War and their incresing importance in the study of international relations, and on the other hand, the opening up space in the discipline in which new approaches can be entertained thanks to profound critics against mainstream approaches. The fact that social constructivist approaches put emphasis on the social makeup of international relations and that they compellingly claimed that they represented or ‘constructed’ a ‘middle ground’ between positivist and post-positivist approaches in the discipline was critical in the way they occupied a central place in International Relations theory. Even if social constructivism advanced critics of rationalist theoretical approaches, it was home to only those who refuted post-modernist and post-structuralist relativism and wished to contribute with their empirical research to the discipline of International Relations, which they regard as a social science

Keywords

International Relations theory, constructivism, rationalism

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