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CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ON TOURISTS’ PURCHASING DECISIONS: TURKISH-GERMAN COMPARISON

Year 2009, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 1295 - 1311, 01.11.2009

Abstract

Culture, is an important factor that affects on purchasing There has been many researches about both consumer behavior and culture in the literature. But there are few researches on specific markets and connects both. The purpose of this research is to introduce purchase decision differences on vacation between Turks and Germans. Research has been done during tourists accommodating at the hotel using judgmental sampling methods in Antalya in the summer of 2006. In the research results variables in purchasing decision has been found meaningful according to nationality, gender, marital status, and lodging preference. This investigation has great importance to present the differences of these to businessman that serve two culture together. Using the results of the study, businessmen can design effective strategies for making these segments

References

  • ANDRIOTIS, K., AGIOMIRGIANAKIS, G. ve MIHIOTIS, A. (2007): “Tourist Vacation Preferences: The Case of Mass Tourists to Crete”, Tourism Analysis, 12(1/2): 51-63.
  • BAUER, T.G. (2001): “How Germans Will Travel 2005”, Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2): 571-572.
  • BECKENA, S. ve, GNOTH, J. (2004): “Tourist Consumption Systems Among Overseas Visitors: Reporting on American, German, and Australian Visitors to New Zealand”,Tourism Management, 25(3): 375-385.
  • BERNO, T (1999): “When A Guest Is A Guest Cook Islanders View Tourism”, Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3): 656-675.
  • CLOTTEY, B. ve LENNON, R.. (2003): “German Travel Consumers‟ Perceptions of Lithuania”, International Journal of Tourism Research,, 5, 295– 303.
  • ÇİÇEK, E.U (2005): “Tanımlayıcı İstatistikler”, SPSS Uygulamaları Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri (Ed. Şeref Kalaycı), Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti., 85-110.
  • DEMİRGİL, H. (2005): “Parametrik Olmayan Hipotez Testleri”, SPSS Uygulamaları Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri (Ed. Şeref Kalaycı), Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti., 85-110.
  • DİKMEN, H. (2008): “Alman Turist Sayısında Artış Bekleniyor”, www.turizmtv.com, (erişim tarihi: 8.2.2008)
  • DIMANCHE, F. (1994): “Cross Cultural Tourism Marketing Research. An Assessment and Recommendation for Future Studies”, Journal of International Consumer Behavior, 6(3): 123-134.
  • GURSOY, D., ve UMBREIT, T. W. (2004): “Tourist Information Search Behavior: Cross-Cultural Comparison Of European Union Member States”, International Journal Of Hospitality Management, 23(1), 55-70
  • HAİR, J.F., BLACK, W.C., BABIN, B.J. ve TATHAM, R.L. (2006) Multivariate Data Analysis, sixth edition, Pearson Printice Hall, New Jersey.
  • HOFSTADE, G. (1980): Culture‟s Consequences. Beverly Hills. CA: Sage Publications.
  • HOFSTEDE, G., HOFSTEDE, G.J., MİNKOV, M. ve VINKEN, H. (2008): Values Survey Module 2008 Manual, http://feweb.uvt.nl/center/hofstede/VSM08.html, 1- 16, (erişim tarihi: 10.11.2008)
  • KANG, M., ve MOSCARDO, G. (2006). Exploring Cross-Cultural Differences in Attitudes towards Responsible Tourist Behavior: A Comparison of Korean, British and Australian Tourists. Asia Pasific Journal of Tourism Research, 11(4), 303-320.
  • KARAATLI, M. (2005): “Verilerin düzenlenmesi ve gösterimi”, SPSS Uygulamaları Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri (Ed. Şeref Kalaycı), Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti., 1-42.
  • KAYIŞ, A. (2005): “Güvenilirlik Analizi”, SPSS Uygulamaları Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri (Ed. Şeref Kalaycı), Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti., 403-419.
  • KOZAK, M. ve TAŞCI, A. D. A (2005): “Perceptions of Foreign Tourists By Local Service Providers: The Case of Fethiye, Turkey”, International Journal of Tourism Research, 7: 261–277.
  • KOZAK, M. (2002): “Comparative Analysis of Tourist Motivations by Nationality and Destinations”, Tourism Management, 23(3): 221–232.
  • KOZAK, M. (2001): “Comparative Assessment of Tourist Satisfaction with Destinations Across Two Nationalities”, Tourism Management, 22(4): 391-401.
  • KOZAK, M., BIGNÉ, E., GONZÁLEZ, A. ve ANDREU, L. (2003): Cross-cultural Behavior Research in Tourism: A case study on destination image. Tourism Analysis,8(2-4): 253-257.
  • LENNON R. J., WEBER, M. ve HENSON, J. (2001): “A Test of A Theoretical Model of Consumer Travel Behaviour: German Consumers' Perception of Northern Ireland as A Tourist Destination”, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7(1): 51-62.
  • LITVIN,S. W. CROTTS, J. C. ve HEFNER, F. L. (2004): Cross-Cultural Tourist Behaviour: A Replication and Extension Involving Hofstede's Uncertainty Avoidance Dimension”, International Journal of Tourism Research, 6 (1): 29-37. MAOZ, D. (2007): “Backpackers‟ Motivations The Role of Culture and Nationality”, Annals of Tourism Research, 34(1): 122-140.
  • MIN, J. C. H. (2007): Tourism Behavior Towards Disasters: A Cross-Cultural Comparison , Social Behavıor and Personality, 35 (8): 1031-1032.
  • MONEY, R. B. ve CROTTS, J. C. (2003): “The Effect of Uncertainty Avoidance on Information Search, Planning and Purchases of International Travel Vacations”, Tourism Management, 24: 191-202.
  • MOUTINHO, L. (1987): “Consumer Behavior in Tourism”, European Journal of Marketing, 21(10): 5–44.
  • MUÑOZ, T. G.(2007): “German Demand for Tourism in Spain”, Tourism Management, 28:12-22.
  • NYAUPANE G. P., TEYE, V. ve PARİS, C. (2008): “Innocents Abroad Attitude Change toward Hosts”, Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3): 650–667.
  • ORTEGA, E. ve RODRIGUEZ, B. (2007): “Information at Tourism Destinations. Importance and Cross-Cultural Differences between International and Domestic Tourists”, Journal of Business Research, 60:146-152.
  • PIZAM, A.(1999): “Cross Cultural Tourist Behavior”, Consumer Bahavior in Travel and Tourism. (Ed: Pizam, A. ve Mansfeld, Y.) Newyork.: Haworth Press: 393-411.
  • PIZAM, A. ve REICHEL, A (1996): “The Effect of Nationality on Tourist Behavior: Israeli Tour-Guides‟ Perceptions, Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 4(1): 23-49.
  • PREBENSEN, N. K., LARSEN, S. ve ABELSEN, B.(2003): “ I'm Not a Typical Tourist: German Tourists' Self-Perception, Activities, and Motivations”, Journal of Travel Research, 41: 416-420.
  • REISENGER, Y. ve TURNER, L. (1998): “Cultural Differences Between Mandarin-Speaking Tourists and Australian Hosts and Their Impact on Cross- Cultural Tourist-Host Interaction”, Journal of Business Research, 42(2): 175- 187.
  • SAKAKIDA, Y., COLE, S. T., ve CARD, J. A. (2004): “A Cross-Cultural Study of College Students' Travel Preferences: A Value-Oriented Perspective”, Journal
  • of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 16(1), 33-39.
  • SEKARAN, U. (2002): Research Methods for Business : A Skill-Building Approach, John Wiley &Sons, (4. Baskı) Newyork.
  • TOSUN, C., TEMİZKAN, S. P., TIMOTHY, D .C. ve FYALL, A. (2007): “Tourist Shopping Experiences and Satisfaction”, International Journal of Tourism Research 9: 87-102
  • VAN RAAIJ, W. F. (1986): “Consumer Research on Tourism: Mental and Behavioral Constructs”, Annals of Tourism Research, 13: 1-9.
  • WEBSTER, C. (1992): “The Effects of Hispanic Sub Cultural Identification on Information Search Behavior, Journal of Advertising Research, 32: 54-62.
  • WOODSIDE, A., ve KING, R. (2001): “An Updated Model of Travel and Tourism Purchase Consumption Systems”, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 10(1): 3–26.
  • YAZICIOĞLU, Y. ve ERDOĞAN, S. (2004) SPSS Uygulamalı Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • YEUNG,S. ve LEUNG C. (2007): “Perception and Attitude of Hong Kong Hotel Guest-Contact Employees towards Tourists from Mainland China”, International Journal of Tourism Research, 9(6): 395-407.
  • YOO, J. J. E., MCKERCHER, B., ve MENA, M. (2004): “A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Trip Characteristics: International Visitors to Hong Kong from Mainland China and USA”, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 16(1): 63-75. YÜCEL, S. Ü. (2003): “Alman Seyahat Endüstrisinin Profili”, TÜRSAB Ar&Ge Departmanı,http://www.tursab.org.tr/content/turkish/istatistikler/akrobat/ULKE/0
  • inAlmn.pdf , (erişim tarihi: 10.11.2008).
  • YÜKSEL, A. ve YÜKSEl, F. (2001): “Comparative Performance Analysis: Tourists‟ Perceptions of Turkey Relative to Other Tourist Destinations”, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7(4): 333-355.
  • http://ocde.p4.siteinternet.com/publications/doifiles/02-01-02-tl.xls Factbook 2008: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics - ISBN 92-64- 04054-4, (erişim tarihi: 10.11.2008).
  • OECD http://www.kultur.gov.tr/TR/BelgeGoster.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFF2B81939FD 5B60AFAFFDE13C621852F44, (erişim tarihi: 29.12.2008).

TURİSTLERİN SATIN ALMA KARARLARINDAKİ KÜLTÜREL FARKLILIKLAR TÜRK - ALMAN KARŞILAŞTIRMASI

Year 2009, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 1295 - 1311, 01.11.2009

Abstract

Kültür, satın alma davranışına etki eden önemli faktörlerden biridir. Gerek tüketici davranışları, gerekse kültür üzerine literatürde pek çok araştırma mevcuttur. Ancak her ikisini birleştiren ve belirgin pazarlara yönelik araştırma sayısı oldukça azdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkler ve Almanların tatil satın alma kararlarına ilişkin farklılıklarını ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma, 2006 yılı yazında Antalya ilinde, turistlerin otelde konakladıkları sırada, yargısal örneklem yöntemi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda turistlerin milliyet, cinsiyet, medeni durum ve konaklama türüne göre satın alma kararlarındaki farklılıklar önemli bulunmuştur. Bu araştırma her iki kültüre birlikte hizmet veren işletmecilere, iki grubun farklılıklarını göstermesi açısından önem taşır. Araştırma sonuçlarının uygulanması, işletmecilere pazarın bu bölümleri için etkin stratejiler oluşturma imkânı verebilir

References

  • ANDRIOTIS, K., AGIOMIRGIANAKIS, G. ve MIHIOTIS, A. (2007): “Tourist Vacation Preferences: The Case of Mass Tourists to Crete”, Tourism Analysis, 12(1/2): 51-63.
  • BAUER, T.G. (2001): “How Germans Will Travel 2005”, Annals of Tourism Research, 29(2): 571-572.
  • BECKENA, S. ve, GNOTH, J. (2004): “Tourist Consumption Systems Among Overseas Visitors: Reporting on American, German, and Australian Visitors to New Zealand”,Tourism Management, 25(3): 375-385.
  • BERNO, T (1999): “When A Guest Is A Guest Cook Islanders View Tourism”, Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3): 656-675.
  • CLOTTEY, B. ve LENNON, R.. (2003): “German Travel Consumers‟ Perceptions of Lithuania”, International Journal of Tourism Research,, 5, 295– 303.
  • ÇİÇEK, E.U (2005): “Tanımlayıcı İstatistikler”, SPSS Uygulamaları Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri (Ed. Şeref Kalaycı), Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti., 85-110.
  • DEMİRGİL, H. (2005): “Parametrik Olmayan Hipotez Testleri”, SPSS Uygulamaları Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri (Ed. Şeref Kalaycı), Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti., 85-110.
  • DİKMEN, H. (2008): “Alman Turist Sayısında Artış Bekleniyor”, www.turizmtv.com, (erişim tarihi: 8.2.2008)
  • DIMANCHE, F. (1994): “Cross Cultural Tourism Marketing Research. An Assessment and Recommendation for Future Studies”, Journal of International Consumer Behavior, 6(3): 123-134.
  • GURSOY, D., ve UMBREIT, T. W. (2004): “Tourist Information Search Behavior: Cross-Cultural Comparison Of European Union Member States”, International Journal Of Hospitality Management, 23(1), 55-70
  • HAİR, J.F., BLACK, W.C., BABIN, B.J. ve TATHAM, R.L. (2006) Multivariate Data Analysis, sixth edition, Pearson Printice Hall, New Jersey.
  • HOFSTADE, G. (1980): Culture‟s Consequences. Beverly Hills. CA: Sage Publications.
  • HOFSTEDE, G., HOFSTEDE, G.J., MİNKOV, M. ve VINKEN, H. (2008): Values Survey Module 2008 Manual, http://feweb.uvt.nl/center/hofstede/VSM08.html, 1- 16, (erişim tarihi: 10.11.2008)
  • KANG, M., ve MOSCARDO, G. (2006). Exploring Cross-Cultural Differences in Attitudes towards Responsible Tourist Behavior: A Comparison of Korean, British and Australian Tourists. Asia Pasific Journal of Tourism Research, 11(4), 303-320.
  • KARAATLI, M. (2005): “Verilerin düzenlenmesi ve gösterimi”, SPSS Uygulamaları Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri (Ed. Şeref Kalaycı), Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti., 1-42.
  • KAYIŞ, A. (2005): “Güvenilirlik Analizi”, SPSS Uygulamaları Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri (Ed. Şeref Kalaycı), Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti., 403-419.
  • KOZAK, M. ve TAŞCI, A. D. A (2005): “Perceptions of Foreign Tourists By Local Service Providers: The Case of Fethiye, Turkey”, International Journal of Tourism Research, 7: 261–277.
  • KOZAK, M. (2002): “Comparative Analysis of Tourist Motivations by Nationality and Destinations”, Tourism Management, 23(3): 221–232.
  • KOZAK, M. (2001): “Comparative Assessment of Tourist Satisfaction with Destinations Across Two Nationalities”, Tourism Management, 22(4): 391-401.
  • KOZAK, M., BIGNÉ, E., GONZÁLEZ, A. ve ANDREU, L. (2003): Cross-cultural Behavior Research in Tourism: A case study on destination image. Tourism Analysis,8(2-4): 253-257.
  • LENNON R. J., WEBER, M. ve HENSON, J. (2001): “A Test of A Theoretical Model of Consumer Travel Behaviour: German Consumers' Perception of Northern Ireland as A Tourist Destination”, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7(1): 51-62.
  • LITVIN,S. W. CROTTS, J. C. ve HEFNER, F. L. (2004): Cross-Cultural Tourist Behaviour: A Replication and Extension Involving Hofstede's Uncertainty Avoidance Dimension”, International Journal of Tourism Research, 6 (1): 29-37. MAOZ, D. (2007): “Backpackers‟ Motivations The Role of Culture and Nationality”, Annals of Tourism Research, 34(1): 122-140.
  • MIN, J. C. H. (2007): Tourism Behavior Towards Disasters: A Cross-Cultural Comparison , Social Behavıor and Personality, 35 (8): 1031-1032.
  • MONEY, R. B. ve CROTTS, J. C. (2003): “The Effect of Uncertainty Avoidance on Information Search, Planning and Purchases of International Travel Vacations”, Tourism Management, 24: 191-202.
  • MOUTINHO, L. (1987): “Consumer Behavior in Tourism”, European Journal of Marketing, 21(10): 5–44.
  • MUÑOZ, T. G.(2007): “German Demand for Tourism in Spain”, Tourism Management, 28:12-22.
  • NYAUPANE G. P., TEYE, V. ve PARİS, C. (2008): “Innocents Abroad Attitude Change toward Hosts”, Annals of Tourism Research, 35(3): 650–667.
  • ORTEGA, E. ve RODRIGUEZ, B. (2007): “Information at Tourism Destinations. Importance and Cross-Cultural Differences between International and Domestic Tourists”, Journal of Business Research, 60:146-152.
  • PIZAM, A.(1999): “Cross Cultural Tourist Behavior”, Consumer Bahavior in Travel and Tourism. (Ed: Pizam, A. ve Mansfeld, Y.) Newyork.: Haworth Press: 393-411.
  • PIZAM, A. ve REICHEL, A (1996): “The Effect of Nationality on Tourist Behavior: Israeli Tour-Guides‟ Perceptions, Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 4(1): 23-49.
  • PREBENSEN, N. K., LARSEN, S. ve ABELSEN, B.(2003): “ I'm Not a Typical Tourist: German Tourists' Self-Perception, Activities, and Motivations”, Journal of Travel Research, 41: 416-420.
  • REISENGER, Y. ve TURNER, L. (1998): “Cultural Differences Between Mandarin-Speaking Tourists and Australian Hosts and Their Impact on Cross- Cultural Tourist-Host Interaction”, Journal of Business Research, 42(2): 175- 187.
  • SAKAKIDA, Y., COLE, S. T., ve CARD, J. A. (2004): “A Cross-Cultural Study of College Students' Travel Preferences: A Value-Oriented Perspective”, Journal
  • of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 16(1), 33-39.
  • SEKARAN, U. (2002): Research Methods for Business : A Skill-Building Approach, John Wiley &Sons, (4. Baskı) Newyork.
  • TOSUN, C., TEMİZKAN, S. P., TIMOTHY, D .C. ve FYALL, A. (2007): “Tourist Shopping Experiences and Satisfaction”, International Journal of Tourism Research 9: 87-102
  • VAN RAAIJ, W. F. (1986): “Consumer Research on Tourism: Mental and Behavioral Constructs”, Annals of Tourism Research, 13: 1-9.
  • WEBSTER, C. (1992): “The Effects of Hispanic Sub Cultural Identification on Information Search Behavior, Journal of Advertising Research, 32: 54-62.
  • WOODSIDE, A., ve KING, R. (2001): “An Updated Model of Travel and Tourism Purchase Consumption Systems”, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 10(1): 3–26.
  • YAZICIOĞLU, Y. ve ERDOĞAN, S. (2004) SPSS Uygulamalı Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • YEUNG,S. ve LEUNG C. (2007): “Perception and Attitude of Hong Kong Hotel Guest-Contact Employees towards Tourists from Mainland China”, International Journal of Tourism Research, 9(6): 395-407.
  • YOO, J. J. E., MCKERCHER, B., ve MENA, M. (2004): “A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Trip Characteristics: International Visitors to Hong Kong from Mainland China and USA”, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 16(1): 63-75. YÜCEL, S. Ü. (2003): “Alman Seyahat Endüstrisinin Profili”, TÜRSAB Ar&Ge Departmanı,http://www.tursab.org.tr/content/turkish/istatistikler/akrobat/ULKE/0
  • inAlmn.pdf , (erişim tarihi: 10.11.2008).
  • YÜKSEL, A. ve YÜKSEl, F. (2001): “Comparative Performance Analysis: Tourists‟ Perceptions of Turkey Relative to Other Tourist Destinations”, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 7(4): 333-355.
  • http://ocde.p4.siteinternet.com/publications/doifiles/02-01-02-tl.xls Factbook 2008: Economic, Environmental and Social Statistics - ISBN 92-64- 04054-4, (erişim tarihi: 10.11.2008).
  • OECD http://www.kultur.gov.tr/TR/BelgeGoster.aspx?F6E10F8892433CFF2B81939FD 5B60AFAFFDE13C621852F44, (erişim tarihi: 29.12.2008).
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA69KC87UU
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nuray Selma Özdipçiner This is me

Publication Date November 1, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 9 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Özdipçiner, N. S. (2009). CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ON TOURISTS’ PURCHASING DECISIONS: TURKISH-GERMAN COMPARISON. Ege Academic Review, 9(4), 1295-1311.
AMA Özdipçiner NS. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ON TOURISTS’ PURCHASING DECISIONS: TURKISH-GERMAN COMPARISON. ear. November 2009;9(4):1295-1311.
Chicago Özdipçiner, Nuray Selma. “CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ON TOURISTS’ PURCHASING DECISIONS: TURKISH-GERMAN COMPARISON”. Ege Academic Review 9, no. 4 (November 2009): 1295-1311.
EndNote Özdipçiner NS (November 1, 2009) CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ON TOURISTS’ PURCHASING DECISIONS: TURKISH-GERMAN COMPARISON. Ege Academic Review 9 4 1295–1311.
IEEE N. S. Özdipçiner, “CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ON TOURISTS’ PURCHASING DECISIONS: TURKISH-GERMAN COMPARISON”, ear, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1295–1311, 2009.
ISNAD Özdipçiner, Nuray Selma. “CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ON TOURISTS’ PURCHASING DECISIONS: TURKISH-GERMAN COMPARISON”. Ege Academic Review 9/4 (November 2009), 1295-1311.
JAMA Özdipçiner NS. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ON TOURISTS’ PURCHASING DECISIONS: TURKISH-GERMAN COMPARISON. ear. 2009;9:1295–1311.
MLA Özdipçiner, Nuray Selma. “CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ON TOURISTS’ PURCHASING DECISIONS: TURKISH-GERMAN COMPARISON”. Ege Academic Review, vol. 9, no. 4, 2009, pp. 1295-11.
Vancouver Özdipçiner NS. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ON TOURISTS’ PURCHASING DECISIONS: TURKISH-GERMAN COMPARISON. ear. 2009;9(4):1295-311.