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KİŞİ BAŞINA KARBON DİOKSİT EMİSYON YAKINSAMA ANALİZİ: 1950- 2004

Year 2009, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 1427 - 1439, 01.11.2009

Abstract

Son zamanlarda, küresel ısınma ve küresel ısınmanın iklim değişikliği üzerindeki potansiyel etkisi üzerine kamunun ilgisi açık bir şekilde artmaktadır. Buna bir tepki olarak, hükümetler küresel ısınmayı hafifletme için uluslararası iklim değişikliği stratejileri planlamaya girişmektedirler. Ampirik çalışmalar sera sıcaklığının ana nedeni olarak karbon dioksit (CO2) emisyonu olduğunu göstermektedir. CO2 emisyonunun kalıcılığının ve stokastik dinamiklerinin incelenmesi ve analiz edilmesi, politika yapıcıları için karbon dioksit emisyonunun çevreye olan etkilerinin hesaplanmasında çok önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Afrika, Merkezi ve Güney Amerika, Merkezi Asya, Merkezi Avrupa, Uzak Doğu, Orta Doğu, Kuzey Amerika, Okyanusya ve Batı Avrupa ülkeleri arasında kişi başına karbon dioksit emisyon kalıcılığı ve yakınsaması 1950–2004 dönemi için panel birim kök yöntemi uygulanarak incelenmiştir. IPS (Im, Peseran - Shin) test sonuçları karbon dioksit emisyonu için birim kökün varlığı hipotezi reddedilememiştir. Bu nedenle sonuçlar ele alınan ülke grupları itibariyle CO2 emisyonunun güçlü bir şekilde kalıcılık sergilediğini göstermektedir

References

  • ALDY, J. (2006): “Per capita carbon dioxide emissions: convergence or divergence?”, Environmental and Resource Economics, 33(4): 533–555.
  • KULA, F ve ASLAN A. (2008): Türkiye‟de İller İtibariyle Kişi Başına Gelir Eşitsizliğinin Kalıcılığı: Panel Birim Kök Analizi İle Bir Değerlendirme”, İstatistik Araştırma Dergisi, 5(2): 44–51.
  • BALTAGI, B. H. (2005): Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, third edition. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
  • BARASSI Marco and MATTHEW C. (2008): Stochastic Divergence or Convergence of Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Re-examining the Evidence” , Environ Resource Econ, 40: 121-137.
  • BARETT, S., and GRADDY, K., (2000): “Freedom, growth, and the environment” Environment and Development Economics, 5: 433–456.
  • CAMPBELL, J. and PERRON, P. (1991): “Pitfalls and Opportunities: What Macroeconomists Should Know About Unit Roots”, National Bureau of Economic Research Macroeconomics Annual, 141–201.
  • CAPOLE, G. M. and CERRATO M., (2006): “Panel data tests of PPP: a critical overview”, Applied Financial Economics, 16: 73-91.
  • DEMİRBAŞ, A., (2004): “Bio energy global warming and environmental impacts “, Energy Sources, 26(3), 225-236.
  • EZCURRA, R. (2007): “Is there Cross-Country Convergence in Carbon Dioxide Emissions?”, Energy Policy, 35: 1363-1372.
  • HEIL, M.T., and SELDEN, T.M., (2001): “International trade intensity and carbon emissions: a cross-country econometric analysis”, Journal of Environment and Development, 10: 35–49.
  • HOLTZ-Eakin, D., and SELDEN, T.M., (1995): “Stoking the fires? CO2 emissions and economic growth”,. Journal of Public Economics, 57: 85–101.
  • HOLMES, M. J., (2002): “Convergence in international output: evidence from panel data unit root tests”, Journal of Economic Integration, 17: 826–38.
  • HOUGHTON, J., (2005): “Global Warming Reports on Progress”, Physics, (6): 1340-1403.
  • IM, K.S., PESARAN H. and Shin Y., (2003): “Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 115: 53-74.
  • KARAKAYA E., ve ÖZÇAĞ M., (2003): “Türkiye Açısından Kyoto Protokolü‟nün Degerlendirilmesi ve Ayrıştırma Yöntemi ile CO2 Emisyonu Belirleyicilerinin Analizi”, VII. ODTÜ Ekonomi Konferansı, 6-9 Eylül, Ankara.
  • LANNE M, and LİSKİ M. (2004): “Trend and breaks in per-capita carbon dioxide emissions 1870–2028”, Energy Journal, 25(4):41–65
  • LIMA, M. A. and RESENDE, M., (2007): “Convergence of per capita GDP in Brazil: an empirical note”, Applied Economic Letters, 14: 333-335.
  • MARZIO Galeotti and ALESSANDRO L. (1999): “Desperately seeking (environmental) Kuznets”, Working Paper CRENoS 199901, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia.
  • NG, Serena and PERRON P. (2001): “Lag Length Selection and the Construction of Unit Root Tests with Good Size and Power,” Econometrica, (6): 1519-1554.
  • GLOBAL Change http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/em_cont.htm erişim tarihi: 05.2008
  • PANOPOULOU Ekaterini and THEOLOGOS Pantelidis, (2007): “Club Convergence in Carbon Dioxide Emissions”, The Institute for International Integration Studies Discussion Paper Series iiisdp235, IIIS.E
  • SOLOW A. (1991): “Is There a Global Warming Problem?” In Global Warming: Economic Policy Responses (ed. Rudiger Dornbusch ve James M. Poterba), The MIT Press.
  • STRAZICICH, M.C., and LIST, J.A., (2003): “Are CO2 emission levels converging among industrial countries?”, Environmental and Resource Economics, 24: 263–271.

CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF PER CAPITA CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: 1950- 2004

Year 2009, Volume: 9 Issue: 4, 1427 - 1439, 01.11.2009

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an obvious increase in public concern over global warming and its potential effects on climate change. In response, governments attempt to plan international climate change strategies to alleviate global warming. Empirical studies illustrated that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are regarded as the main cause of greenhouse warming. Therefore, the examination and analyzing of the stochastic dynamics and persistence of CO2 emissions are vital for policymakers to estimate the impact of carbon emissions to the environment. In this study, it is examined convergence and persistence in per capita CO2 emissions among Africa, Central & South America, Centrally Asia, Centrally Europe, Far East, Middle East, North America, Oceania and Western Europe countries during the 1950-2004 period by applying panel unit root methodology. The IPS (Im, Peseran - Shin) tests illustrated that one cannot reject the null hypothesis of unit roots for per capita CO2 emissions. The results, therefore, illustrate a very strong form of persistence for the CO2 emissions among these country groups

References

  • ALDY, J. (2006): “Per capita carbon dioxide emissions: convergence or divergence?”, Environmental and Resource Economics, 33(4): 533–555.
  • KULA, F ve ASLAN A. (2008): Türkiye‟de İller İtibariyle Kişi Başına Gelir Eşitsizliğinin Kalıcılığı: Panel Birim Kök Analizi İle Bir Değerlendirme”, İstatistik Araştırma Dergisi, 5(2): 44–51.
  • BALTAGI, B. H. (2005): Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, third edition. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK.
  • BARASSI Marco and MATTHEW C. (2008): Stochastic Divergence or Convergence of Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Re-examining the Evidence” , Environ Resource Econ, 40: 121-137.
  • BARETT, S., and GRADDY, K., (2000): “Freedom, growth, and the environment” Environment and Development Economics, 5: 433–456.
  • CAMPBELL, J. and PERRON, P. (1991): “Pitfalls and Opportunities: What Macroeconomists Should Know About Unit Roots”, National Bureau of Economic Research Macroeconomics Annual, 141–201.
  • CAPOLE, G. M. and CERRATO M., (2006): “Panel data tests of PPP: a critical overview”, Applied Financial Economics, 16: 73-91.
  • DEMİRBAŞ, A., (2004): “Bio energy global warming and environmental impacts “, Energy Sources, 26(3), 225-236.
  • EZCURRA, R. (2007): “Is there Cross-Country Convergence in Carbon Dioxide Emissions?”, Energy Policy, 35: 1363-1372.
  • HEIL, M.T., and SELDEN, T.M., (2001): “International trade intensity and carbon emissions: a cross-country econometric analysis”, Journal of Environment and Development, 10: 35–49.
  • HOLTZ-Eakin, D., and SELDEN, T.M., (1995): “Stoking the fires? CO2 emissions and economic growth”,. Journal of Public Economics, 57: 85–101.
  • HOLMES, M. J., (2002): “Convergence in international output: evidence from panel data unit root tests”, Journal of Economic Integration, 17: 826–38.
  • HOUGHTON, J., (2005): “Global Warming Reports on Progress”, Physics, (6): 1340-1403.
  • IM, K.S., PESARAN H. and Shin Y., (2003): “Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels”, Journal of Econometrics, 115: 53-74.
  • KARAKAYA E., ve ÖZÇAĞ M., (2003): “Türkiye Açısından Kyoto Protokolü‟nün Degerlendirilmesi ve Ayrıştırma Yöntemi ile CO2 Emisyonu Belirleyicilerinin Analizi”, VII. ODTÜ Ekonomi Konferansı, 6-9 Eylül, Ankara.
  • LANNE M, and LİSKİ M. (2004): “Trend and breaks in per-capita carbon dioxide emissions 1870–2028”, Energy Journal, 25(4):41–65
  • LIMA, M. A. and RESENDE, M., (2007): “Convergence of per capita GDP in Brazil: an empirical note”, Applied Economic Letters, 14: 333-335.
  • MARZIO Galeotti and ALESSANDRO L. (1999): “Desperately seeking (environmental) Kuznets”, Working Paper CRENoS 199901, Centre for North South Economic Research, University of Cagliari and Sassari, Sardinia.
  • NG, Serena and PERRON P. (2001): “Lag Length Selection and the Construction of Unit Root Tests with Good Size and Power,” Econometrica, (6): 1519-1554.
  • GLOBAL Change http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/em_cont.htm erişim tarihi: 05.2008
  • PANOPOULOU Ekaterini and THEOLOGOS Pantelidis, (2007): “Club Convergence in Carbon Dioxide Emissions”, The Institute for International Integration Studies Discussion Paper Series iiisdp235, IIIS.E
  • SOLOW A. (1991): “Is There a Global Warming Problem?” In Global Warming: Economic Policy Responses (ed. Rudiger Dornbusch ve James M. Poterba), The MIT Press.
  • STRAZICICH, M.C., and LIST, J.A., (2003): “Are CO2 emission levels converging among industrial countries?”, Environmental and Resource Economics, 24: 263–271.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA43NT66RG
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Alper Aslan This is me

Publication Date November 1, 2009
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 9 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Aslan, A. (2009). CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF PER CAPITA CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: 1950- 2004. Ege Academic Review, 9(4), 1427-1439.
AMA Aslan A. CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF PER CAPITA CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: 1950- 2004. ear. November 2009;9(4):1427-1439.
Chicago Aslan, Alper. “CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF PER CAPITA CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: 1950- 2004”. Ege Academic Review 9, no. 4 (November 2009): 1427-39.
EndNote Aslan A (November 1, 2009) CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF PER CAPITA CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: 1950- 2004. Ege Academic Review 9 4 1427–1439.
IEEE A. Aslan, “CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF PER CAPITA CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: 1950- 2004”, ear, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1427–1439, 2009.
ISNAD Aslan, Alper. “CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF PER CAPITA CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: 1950- 2004”. Ege Academic Review 9/4 (November 2009), 1427-1439.
JAMA Aslan A. CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF PER CAPITA CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: 1950- 2004. ear. 2009;9:1427–1439.
MLA Aslan, Alper. “CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF PER CAPITA CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: 1950- 2004”. Ege Academic Review, vol. 9, no. 4, 2009, pp. 1427-39.
Vancouver Aslan A. CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF PER CAPITA CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS: 1950- 2004. ear. 2009;9(4):1427-39.