A Social Accounting Matrix for Turkish Economy for 2002

Year 2013, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 325 - 335, 01.08.2013

Barış Gök Metin Karadağ

Abstract

A social accounting matrix (SAM), which represents the transactions of a socio-economic system in a country, can also be utilized as a fundamental data set for economic models to address policy questions. The aim of this study is to construct a SAM for the year of 2002, which can be used as the data set for the computable general equilibrium model constructed to analyze the tax policy changes in Turkey. For this purpose, 2002 input-output table, foreign trade statistics, net tax matrix and public sector statistics were used as data sources. Also, in order to analyze the eff ects of policy changes on income distribution and welfare, household account was disaggregated into 10 representative groups according to their income size (by quintiles) and settlement (urban, rural) by employing household budget surveys and household consumption expenditures surveys. In this paper, after giving the main features of the SAM very briefl y, the procedure of construction of the SAM for Turkish economy for the year of 2002 was explained in detail

Keywords

Turkey, social accounting matrix (SAM), income distribution

Türkiye Ekonomisi için 2002 Yılı Sosyal Hesaplar Matrisi

Abstract

Bir ülkede sosyo-ekonomik aktarımları gösteren sosyal hesaplar matrisi (SHM), politika değişiklilerini analiz etmek amacıyla oluşturulan ekonomik modeller için temel veri seti olarak da kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, hesaplanabilir genel denge modelleri için temel veri seti teşkil edecek nitelikte Türkiye için 2002 yılına ait sosyal hesaplar matrisi oluşturmaktır. Bu amaçla en güncel veri setini oluşturmak için 2002 yılı girdi çıktı tablosu, dış ticaret istatistikleri, net vergi matrisi ve kamu kesimi istatistikleri veri kaynakları olarak kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca politika değişikliklerinin gelir dağılımı ve hane halklarının refah seviyesi üzerindeki etkilerinin analiz edilebilmesi amacıyla, hane halkı bütçe araştırması ve hane halkı tüketim harcamaları anketleri kullanılmış ve SHM’deki hane halkı hesabı gelir seviyesi (% 20’lik dilimler halinde) ve yerleşim yerine göre (kent, kır) 10 farklı gruba ayrıştırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada SHM’nin temel özelliklerine kısaca değinildikten sonra, Türkiye ekonomisi için 2002 yılına ait SHM’nin oluşturulma yöntemi ayrıntılı olarak açıklanmıştır

Keywords

Türkiye, sosyal hesaplar matrisi (SHM), gelir dağılımı

References

• Akkemik, K. A. (2012) “Assessing the Importance of International Tourism for the Turkish Economy: A Social Accounting Matrix Analysis” Tourism Management,
• Bandara, J. S. (1991) “Computable General Equilibrium Models for Development Policy Analysis in LDCs” Journal of Economic Surveys , 5(1):3-69.
• Breisinger, C., Th urlow, J. ve Duncan, M. (2007) A 2005 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) For Ghana, Washington, D.C., Ghana Statistical Services (GSS), International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
• Chemingui, M.A. ve Dessus, S. (2008) “Assessing Non-tariff Barriers in Syria” Journal of Policy Modeling , 30(5):917-928.
• De Santis, R.A. ve Ozhan, G. (1997) “Social Accounting Matrix for Turkey 1990” Economic Systems Research , 9(3):281-285.
• Deb Pal, B., Pohit, S. ve Roy, J. (2012) “Social Accounting Matrix For India” Economic Systems Research, 24(1):77-99.
• Debowicz, D., Dorosh, P., Robinson, S. ve Haider, S.H. (2012) “A 2007-08 Social Accounting Matrix for Pakistan” International Food Policy Research Institute Pakistan Strategy Support Program, Working Paper Series, No:1.
• Decaluwé, B., Savard, L. ve Th orbecke, E. (2005) “General Equilibrium Approach for Poverty Analysis: With an Application to Cameroon” African Development Review , 17(2): 213-243.
• Dewhurst, J., Kerwat, J. ve Molana, H. (2011) “Constructing a Social Accounting Matrix for Libya” Th e Journal of North African Studies , 16(1):143-160.
• Erten, H. (2009) “Türkiye için Sektörel Sosyal Hesaplar Üretm Yöntemi ve İstihdam Üzerine Bir Hesaplanabilir Genel Denge Modeli Uygulaması” Yayınlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara, Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
• Gedik, M.A. (2011) “A Comparative Analysis of Turkish Social Accounting Matrices for 1998 and 2002” International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, (75):39-54.
• Gedik, M.A. (2010) “Vergi Politikalarinin Dis Ticaret Üzerindeki Etkileri:Türkiye Için Hesaplanabilir Genel Denge Modeli Uygulamasi” Maliye Dergisi , 159:395-415.
• Iqbal, Z. ve Siddiqui, R. (1998) “Salient Features of the Social Accounting Matrix for Pakistan, 1989-90” Micro Impacts of Macroeconomic and Adjustment Policies Th ird Annual Meeting, November 2-6, Kathmandu, Nepal.
• Karadag, M. ve Westaway, T. (1999) “A SAM- based Computable General Equilibrium Model of the Turkish Economy” Loughborough University Economic Research Paper , No: 99/18.
• Keuning, S.J. ve Ruijter, W.A. (1988) “Guidelines to Th e Construction of A Social Accounting Matrix” Review of Income and Wealth , 34 (1):71-100.
• King, B.B. (1981) “What is a SAM? A Layman’s Guide to Social Accounting Matrices” World Bank Staff Working Papers, No: 463.
• Konan, D.E. ve Maskus, K.E. (2000) “Joint Trade Liberalization and Tax Reform in a Small Open Economy: the Case of Egypt” Journal of Development Economics , 61(2):365-392.
• Köse, A.H. ve Yeldan, E. (1996) “Çok Sektörlü Hesaplanabilir Genel Denge Modellerinin Veri tabanı Üzerine Notlar: Türkiye 1990 Sosyal Hesaplar Matrisi” ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi , 23(1):58-83.
• Li, J.C. (2002) “A 1998 Social Accounting Matrix for Th ailand” International Food Policy Research Institute TMD Discussion Paper, No: 95.
• Mabugu, R. (2001) “Short‐run Eff ects of Tariff Reform in Zimbabwe: Applied General Equilibrium Analysis” Journal of African Economies , 10(2):174-190.
• Miller, R.E. ve Blair, P.D. (2009) Input-Output Analysis Foundations and Extentions, 2nd Edition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
• Nwafor, M., Diao, X. ve Alpuerto, V. (2010) “A 2006 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) for Nigeria: Methodology and Results” International Food Policy Research Institute, No:NSSP007.
• Powell, A.A. ve Gruen, F.H. (1968) “Th e Constant Elasticity of Transformation Production Frontier and Linear Supply System” International Economic Review,
• Pradhan, B.K., Sahoo, A. ve Saluja, M.R. (1999) “A Social Accounting Matrix for India, 1994-95” Economic and Political Weekly , 34(48):3378-3394.
• Pyatt, G. (1988) “A SAM Approach to Modelling” Journal of Policy Modelling, 10(3):327-352.
• Pyatt, G. (1991) “SAMs, Th e SNA and National Accounting Capabilities” Review of Income and Wealth, 37(2):177-198.
• Pyatt, G. (1994a) “Modelling Commodity Balances: A Derivation of the Stone Model” Economic Systems Research , 6(1):5-20.
• Pyatt, G. (1994b) “Modelling Commodity Balances in a Computable General Equilibrium Context” Economic Systems Research , 6(2):123-134.
• Pyatt, G. (1999) “Some Relationships between T-Accounts, Input-Output Tables and Social Accounting Matrices” Economic Systems Research , 11(4):365-387.
• Pyatt, G. ve Round, J.I. (1977) “Social Accounting Planning for Development Planning” Th e Review of Income and Health , 23(4):339-364.
• Reinert, K.A. ve Roland-Holst, D.W. (1992) “A Detailed Social Accounting Matrix for the USA1988” Economic Systems Research , 4 (2): 173-188.
• Robinson, S. (2006) “Macro Models and Multipliers: Leontief, Stone, Keynes, and CGE Models” Janvry et al. (eds.) Poverty, Inequality and Development: Essays in Honor of Erik Th orbecke, New York, Springer Science.
• Robinson, S., Cattaneo, A. ve El-Said, M. (2001) “Updating and Estimating a Social Accounting Matrix Using Cross Entropy Methods” Economic Systems Research , 13(1):47-64.
• Round, J.I. (2003a) “Constructing SAMs for Development Policy Analysis: Lessons Learned and Challenges Ahead” Economic Systems Research , 15(2):161-183.
• Round, J.I. (2003b) “Social Accounting Matrices and SAM-based Multiplier Analysis” Bourguignon et al. (eds.) Evaluating the Poverty and Distributional Impact of Economic Policies (Technics and Tools). Washington D.C., World Bank.
• Salem, H.H. (2004) “Th e Macroeconomic Social Accounting Matrix of Tunisia in 1996” Computational Economics,1-14.
• Saraçoğlu, D.Ş. (2008) “Th e Informal Sector and Tax on Employment: A Dynamic General Equilibrium Investigation” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 32(2):529-549.
• Shumway, C.R. ve Powell, A.A. (1984) “A Critique of the Constant Elasticity of Transformation (CET) Linear Supply System” Western Journal of Agricultural Economics, 9(2):314-321.
• Sunal, S. (2010) “Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerin İncelendiği Hesaplanabilir Genel Denge Modellerine Yönelik İki Dönemli Bir Karşılaştırma: Rassal Literatür Taraması” Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (26):213-247.
• Telli, Ç. (2004) “Sosyal Hesaplar Matrisi Üretme Yöntemi ve Türkiye Uygulaması” Yayınlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi, Ankara Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
• Th issen, M. ve Lofgren, H. (1998) “A New Approach to SAM Updating with an Application to Egypt” Environment and Planning A , 30(11):1991-2003.
• Ulussever, T. (2011) “A Welfare Policy Analysis in Th e Turkish Economy: A Simulation Based Macroeconomic Application of Th e Deficit Financing Policies” Journal of the Franklin Institute, 348(7):1416–1434.
• United Nations Statistical Off ice (1968) A System of National Accounts, Studies in Methods, Series, New York, United Nations.