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Testing of APEC Countries’ Competitiveness Dynamics Through Fuzzy Clustering Analysis and Some Findings

Year 2014, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 441 - 450, 01.08.2014

Kıvanç Halil Arıç Necati Alp Erilli Hatice Erkekoğlu

Abstract

Competitiveness structures of countries have an important impact on production, export and growth of countries. Porter’s Diamond Model presents a comprehensive framework on the competitiveness dynamics of a country. The purpose of this study is to assert the similarities of competitiveness dynamics between APEC member countries. In this study, fuzzy clustering analysis was used. APEC countries except New Zealand, Mexico and Brunie clustered differently. It has been observed that USA, Canada, Australia, Hong Kong and Singapore are in the same cluster in 2008, 2010 and 2012; Japan, South Korea, Thailand and Taiwan are in the same cluster in 2008, 2009 and 2012. Malaysia and Chile, Russia and Vietnam, Peru and Philippines are in the same cluster in all years. So it can be said that these countries resemble with regards to competitiveness dynamics

Keywords

APEC competitiveness diamond model fuzzy clustering analysis

References

  • Anca, H.D.B. (2012) “Literature Review of the Evolution of Competitiveness Concept” Annals of the University of Oradea: Economic Science, 1(1):41-46.
  • APEC, Mission Statement, http://www.apec.org/ About-Us/About-APEC/Mission-Statement.aspx (25.07.2013)
  • Arıç, K.H. (2013) “The Structure of Porter’s Competitive Advantage Theory as a New Foreign Theory” KAU IIBF Dergisi, 4(5):81-97.
  • Bezdek, J.C. (1981) Pattern Recognition With Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms, NY Plenum Press.
  • Bezdek, J.C. (1974) “Cluster Validity With Fuzzy Sets” J. Cybernetics, 3:58-73.
  • Brunner, H.P. ve Cali, M. (2006) “The Dynamics of Manufacturing Competitiveness in South Asia: an Analysis Through Export Data” Journal of Asian Economics, 17:557-582.
  • Erber, G., Hagemann, H. ve Seiter, S. (1997) “Global Competitiveness: Industrial Policy in the Performance of Asia and Europe” Journal of Contemporary Asia, 27(3):338-355.
  • Erilli, N.A., Yolcu, U., Eğrioğlu, E., Aladağ, Ç.H. ve Öner, Y. (2011) “Determining the Most Proper Number of Cluster in Fuzzy Clustering by Artificial Neural Networks” Expert Systems with Applications, 38:2248-2252.
  • Erilli, N.A. (2009) “Kümeleme Analizine Bulanık Yaklaşım Algoritmaları ve Uygulamaları” Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Samsun, 19 Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Global Finance, http://www.gfmag.com/gdp- data-country-reports/166-taiwan-gdp-country-report. html#axzz2Zm1uDlIh, (27.06.2013).
  • Goto, K. (2011) “Competitiveness and Decent Work in Global Value Chains: Substitutionary or Complementary?” Development in Practice, 21(7):943-958.
  • Hardle, W. ve Simar, L. (2003) Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Springer-Werlag Pub, Berlin, Germany.
  • Huang, J.H. ve Peng, K.H. (2012) “Fuzzy Rasch Model in TOPSIS: a New Approach for Generating Fuzzy Numbers to Assess the Competitiveness of the Toursim Industries in Asian Countries” Tourism Management, 33:456-465.
  • Kao, C., Wu, W.Y., Hsieh, W.J., Wang, T.Y., Lin, C. ve Chen, L.H. (2008) “Measuring the National Competitiveness of Southeast Asian Countries” Eurpoean Journal of Operational Research, 187:613-628.
  • Krugman, P. (1994) “The Myth of Asia’s Miracle” Foreign Affairs, 73(6):62-78
  • Kwon, S.H. (1998) “Cluster Validity Index For Fuzzy Clustering” Elec. Lett, 34(22):2176-2178.
  • Langdale, J.V. (1997) “International Competitiveness in East Asia: Broadband Telecommunications and Interactive Multimedia” Telecommunications Policy, 21(3):235-249.
  • Lee, J.S. (2012) “A Study on APEC’s Economic Cooperations Under WTO” International Journal Business Administration, 3(6):55-59.
  • Leow, G.Y. ve Normee, C.S. (2009) “Benchmarking Malaysia’s Manufactured Exports Competitiveness” Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies, 46(2):175-200.
  • Li, H., Wei, X. ve Xie, D. (2009) “Competitiveness of the Hong Kong Economy” China Economic Review, 20:573-586.
  • Manzur, M., Wong, W.K. ve Chee, I.C. (1999) “Measuring International Competitiveness: Experience from East Asia” Applied Economics, 31:1383-1391.
  • Naceur, S.B., Bakardzhieva, D. ve Kamar, B. (2012) “Disaggregated Capital Flows and Developing Countries’ Competitiveness” World Development, 40(2):223-237.
  • Neven, D. ve Droge, C.L.M. (2001) “A Diamond fort he Poor? Assessing Porter’s Diamond Model fort he Analysis of Agro-Food Clusters in the Developing Countries”, http://www.agrifood.info/Agrifood/members/Congress/ Congress2001Papers/Symposium/Neven.pdf,
  • Porter, E.M. (1998) The Competitive Advantages of Nations, New Edition, Palgrave.
  • Rezaee, M.R., Lelieveldt, B.P.F. ve Reiber, J.H.C. (1998) “A New Cluster Validity Index for the FCM” Pattern Recognition Lett., 19:237-246.
  • Sintas, A.F., Cadenas, J.M. ve Martin, F. (1999) “Membership Functions in the Fuzzy c-Means Algorithm” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 101.
  • Stevans, L.K., Neelankavil, J.P., Mendoza, R. ve Shankar, S. (2012) “The Economic Competitiveness of Countries: a Principal Factors Approach” International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(12):76-90.
  • Tamamura, C. (2002) “Structural Changes in International Industrial Linkages and Export Competitiveness in the Asia-Pacific Region” ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 19(1):52-82.
  • World Bank (2013) http://data.worldbank.org/ indicator, (20.04.2013)
  • World Economic Forum (2008) The Global Competitiveness Report 2008-2009, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • World Economic Forum (2009) The Global Competitiveness Report 2009-2010, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • World Economic Forum (2010) The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • World Economic Forum (2011) The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • World Economic Forum (2012) The Global Competitiveness Report 2012-2013, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Xie, L. ve Beni, G. (1991) “A Validity Measure for Fuzzy Clustering” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 13(4):841-846

APEC Ülkeleri’nin Rekabetçi Dinamiklerinin Bulanık Kümeleme Analiziyle Test Edilmesi ve Bazı Tespitler

Year 2014, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 441 - 450, 01.08.2014

Kıvanç Halil Arıç Necati Alp Erilli Hatice Erkekoğlu

Abstract

Ülkelerin sahip oldukları rekabetçili yapıları ülkelerin üretimleri, ihracatları ve dolayısıyla büyümeleri üzerinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Porter’ın Elmas Modeli bir ülkenin rekabetçilik dinamiklerinin neler olduğu konusunda kapsamlı bir çerçeve ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Asya Pasifik Ekonomik İşbirliği’ne üye ülkelerin rekabetçilik dinamikleri bakımından benzerliklerinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Uygulamada bulanık kümeleme analizi kullanılmıştır. Yeni Zelanda, Meksika ve Bruney dışında kalan APEC ülkelerinin farklı şekilde kümelendiği görülmektedir. Bu çerçevede ABD, Kanada, Avustralya, Hong Kong ve Singapur 2008, 2010, 2012 yıllarında; Japonya, G. Kore, Tayland, Tayvan 2008, 2009, 2012 yıllarında; Malezya ile Şili’nin ve Rusya ile Vietnam’ın Peru ile Filipinler’in ise tüm yıllarda aynı kümede yer aldığı dolayısıyla rekabetçi dinamikleri bakımından birbirine yakın olduğu söylenebilir

Keywords

APEC rekabetçilik elmas modeli bulanık kümeleme analizi

References

  • Anca, H.D.B. (2012) “Literature Review of the Evolution of Competitiveness Concept” Annals of the University of Oradea: Economic Science, 1(1):41-46.
  • APEC, Mission Statement, http://www.apec.org/ About-Us/About-APEC/Mission-Statement.aspx (25.07.2013)
  • Arıç, K.H. (2013) “The Structure of Porter’s Competitive Advantage Theory as a New Foreign Theory” KAU IIBF Dergisi, 4(5):81-97.
  • Bezdek, J.C. (1981) Pattern Recognition With Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms, NY Plenum Press.
  • Bezdek, J.C. (1974) “Cluster Validity With Fuzzy Sets” J. Cybernetics, 3:58-73.
  • Brunner, H.P. ve Cali, M. (2006) “The Dynamics of Manufacturing Competitiveness in South Asia: an Analysis Through Export Data” Journal of Asian Economics, 17:557-582.
  • Erber, G., Hagemann, H. ve Seiter, S. (1997) “Global Competitiveness: Industrial Policy in the Performance of Asia and Europe” Journal of Contemporary Asia, 27(3):338-355.
  • Erilli, N.A., Yolcu, U., Eğrioğlu, E., Aladağ, Ç.H. ve Öner, Y. (2011) “Determining the Most Proper Number of Cluster in Fuzzy Clustering by Artificial Neural Networks” Expert Systems with Applications, 38:2248-2252.
  • Erilli, N.A. (2009) “Kümeleme Analizine Bulanık Yaklaşım Algoritmaları ve Uygulamaları” Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Samsun, 19 Mayıs Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Global Finance, http://www.gfmag.com/gdp- data-country-reports/166-taiwan-gdp-country-report. html#axzz2Zm1uDlIh, (27.06.2013).
  • Goto, K. (2011) “Competitiveness and Decent Work in Global Value Chains: Substitutionary or Complementary?” Development in Practice, 21(7):943-958.
  • Hardle, W. ve Simar, L. (2003) Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Springer-Werlag Pub, Berlin, Germany.
  • Huang, J.H. ve Peng, K.H. (2012) “Fuzzy Rasch Model in TOPSIS: a New Approach for Generating Fuzzy Numbers to Assess the Competitiveness of the Toursim Industries in Asian Countries” Tourism Management, 33:456-465.
  • Kao, C., Wu, W.Y., Hsieh, W.J., Wang, T.Y., Lin, C. ve Chen, L.H. (2008) “Measuring the National Competitiveness of Southeast Asian Countries” Eurpoean Journal of Operational Research, 187:613-628.
  • Krugman, P. (1994) “The Myth of Asia’s Miracle” Foreign Affairs, 73(6):62-78
  • Kwon, S.H. (1998) “Cluster Validity Index For Fuzzy Clustering” Elec. Lett, 34(22):2176-2178.
  • Langdale, J.V. (1997) “International Competitiveness in East Asia: Broadband Telecommunications and Interactive Multimedia” Telecommunications Policy, 21(3):235-249.
  • Lee, J.S. (2012) “A Study on APEC’s Economic Cooperations Under WTO” International Journal Business Administration, 3(6):55-59.
  • Leow, G.Y. ve Normee, C.S. (2009) “Benchmarking Malaysia’s Manufactured Exports Competitiveness” Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies, 46(2):175-200.
  • Li, H., Wei, X. ve Xie, D. (2009) “Competitiveness of the Hong Kong Economy” China Economic Review, 20:573-586.
  • Manzur, M., Wong, W.K. ve Chee, I.C. (1999) “Measuring International Competitiveness: Experience from East Asia” Applied Economics, 31:1383-1391.
  • Naceur, S.B., Bakardzhieva, D. ve Kamar, B. (2012) “Disaggregated Capital Flows and Developing Countries’ Competitiveness” World Development, 40(2):223-237.
  • Neven, D. ve Droge, C.L.M. (2001) “A Diamond fort he Poor? Assessing Porter’s Diamond Model fort he Analysis of Agro-Food Clusters in the Developing Countries”, http://www.agrifood.info/Agrifood/members/Congress/ Congress2001Papers/Symposium/Neven.pdf,
  • Porter, E.M. (1998) The Competitive Advantages of Nations, New Edition, Palgrave.
  • Rezaee, M.R., Lelieveldt, B.P.F. ve Reiber, J.H.C. (1998) “A New Cluster Validity Index for the FCM” Pattern Recognition Lett., 19:237-246.
  • Sintas, A.F., Cadenas, J.M. ve Martin, F. (1999) “Membership Functions in the Fuzzy c-Means Algorithm” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 101.
  • Stevans, L.K., Neelankavil, J.P., Mendoza, R. ve Shankar, S. (2012) “The Economic Competitiveness of Countries: a Principal Factors Approach” International Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(12):76-90.
  • Tamamura, C. (2002) “Structural Changes in International Industrial Linkages and Export Competitiveness in the Asia-Pacific Region” ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 19(1):52-82.
  • World Bank (2013) http://data.worldbank.org/ indicator, (20.04.2013)
  • World Economic Forum (2008) The Global Competitiveness Report 2008-2009, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • World Economic Forum (2009) The Global Competitiveness Report 2009-2010, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • World Economic Forum (2010) The Global Competitiveness Report 2010-2011, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • World Economic Forum (2011) The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • World Economic Forum (2012) The Global Competitiveness Report 2012-2013, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Xie, L. ve Beni, G. (1991) “A Validity Measure for Fuzzy Clustering” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 13(4):841-846
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA67EJ85KE
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Kıvanç Halil Arıç This is me

Necati Alp Erilli This is me

Hatice Erkekoğlu This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 14 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Arıç, K. H., Erilli, N. A., & Erkekoğlu, H. (2014). Testing of APEC Countries’ Competitiveness Dynamics Through Fuzzy Clustering Analysis and Some Findings. Ege Academic Review, 14(3), 441-450.
AMA Arıç KH, Erilli NA, Erkekoğlu H. Testing of APEC Countries’ Competitiveness Dynamics Through Fuzzy Clustering Analysis and Some Findings. ear. August 2014;14(3):441-450.
Chicago Arıç, Kıvanç Halil, Necati Alp Erilli, and Hatice Erkekoğlu. “Testing of APEC Countries’ Competitiveness Dynamics Through Fuzzy Clustering Analysis and Some Findings”. Ege Academic Review 14, no. 3 (August 2014): 441-50.
EndNote Arıç KH, Erilli NA, Erkekoğlu H (August 1, 2014) Testing of APEC Countries’ Competitiveness Dynamics Through Fuzzy Clustering Analysis and Some Findings. Ege Academic Review 14 3 441–450.
IEEE K. H. Arıç, N. A. Erilli, and H. Erkekoğlu, “Testing of APEC Countries’ Competitiveness Dynamics Through Fuzzy Clustering Analysis and Some Findings”, ear, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 441–450, 2014.
ISNAD Arıç, Kıvanç Halil et al. “Testing of APEC Countries’ Competitiveness Dynamics Through Fuzzy Clustering Analysis and Some Findings”. Ege Academic Review 14/3 (August 2014), 441-450.
JAMA Arıç KH, Erilli NA, Erkekoğlu H. Testing of APEC Countries’ Competitiveness Dynamics Through Fuzzy Clustering Analysis and Some Findings. ear. 2014;14:441–450.
MLA Arıç, Kıvanç Halil et al. “Testing of APEC Countries’ Competitiveness Dynamics Through Fuzzy Clustering Analysis and Some Findings”. Ege Academic Review, vol. 14, no. 3, 2014, pp. 441-50.
Vancouver Arıç KH, Erilli NA, Erkekoğlu H. Testing of APEC Countries’ Competitiveness Dynamics Through Fuzzy Clustering Analysis and Some Findings. ear. 2014;14(3):441-50.