Clustering of Creative Industries in Turkey

Year 2015, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 9 - 18, 01.02.2015

İ. Erdem Seçilmiş

Abstract

Interest in the creative industries has increased rapidly in recent years. In this context, social scientists have put effort into explaining the forming of creative clusters. The purpose of this study is to investigate, from the perspective of economic geography, the clustering of creative industries in Turkey. Through a location quotient analysis of 81 provinces, one conclusion can be inferred from the results obtained in this paper: The assumption that creative industries tend to cluster in large cities is not true for Turkey

Keywords

Creative industries, clustering, economic geography, location quotient

Türkiye’de Yaratıcı Endüstrilerin Kümelenmesi

Abstract

Yaratıcı endüstrilere gösterilen ilgi son yıllarda hızla artmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, sosyal bilimciler yaratıcı kümelenmelerin oluşumunu açıklayabilmek için çaba sarf etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de yaratıcı endüstrilerin kümelenmesini iktisadi coğrafya perspektifinden araştırmaktır. 81 ili kapsayan bir yoğunlaşma katsayısı analizi aracılığıyla çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlardan; yaratıcı endüstrilerin büyük şehirlerde kümelenme eğiliminde olduğu varsayımının Türkiye için geçerlilik taşımadığı yargısına ulaşılmaktadır

Keywords

Yaratıcı endüstriler, kümelenme, iktisadi coğrafya, yoğunlaşma katsayısı

References

• Aksoy, A. ve Enlil, Z. (2011) Kültür Ekonomisi En- vanteri İstanbul 2010, İstanbul, İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
• Bassett, K., Griffiths, R. ve Smith, I. (2002) “Cultural Industries, Cultural Clusters and the City: The Example of Natural History Film-Making in Bristol” Geoforum, 33(2):165-177.
• Baum, S., O’Connor, K. ve Yigitcanlar, T. (2009) “The Implications of Creative Industries for Regional Creativity of a City: A Proposal and an Application” Eu- Outcomes” International Journal of Foresight and Innova- tion Policy, 5(1-3):44-64.
• Bertacchini, E.E. ve Borrione, P. (2013) “The Geog- raphy of the Italian Creative Economy: The Special Role of the Design and Craft-Based Industries” Regional Studi- es, 47(2):135-147.
• Boix, R., Lazzeretti, L., Capone, F., De Propris, L. ve Sanchez, D. (2013) “The geography of Creative Industries in Europe: Comparing France, Great Britain, Italy and Spain” Lazzeretti (eds.) Creative industries and innovation in Europe, London, Routledge.
• Capone (2008) “Mapping and Analysing Creati- ve Systems in Italy (1991-2001)” Cooke and Lazzeretti (eds.) Creative cities, cultural cluster and local economic de- velopment, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.
• Clifton, N. ve Cooke, P. (2009) “Creative Knowledge Workers and Location in Europe and North America: A Comparative Review” Creative Industries Journal, 2(1):73- 89.
• Collis, C., Freebody, S. ve Flew, T. (2013) “Seeing the Outer Suburbs: Addressing the Urban Bias in Creative Place Thinking” Regional Studies, 47(2):148-160.
• Çetindamar, D. ve Günsel, A. (2012) “Measuring the
• DCMS (2001) The Creative Industries Mapping Docu- ment, London, DCMS.
• DCMS (2013) Classifying and Measuring the Creative Industries, London, DCMS.
• De-Miguel-Molina, B., Hervas-Oliver, J.L., Boix, R. ve De-Miguel-Molina, M. (2012) “The Importance of Creative Industry Agglomerations in Explaining the Wealth of European Regions” European Planning Studi- es, 20(8):1263-1280.
• De Propris, L., Chapain, C., Cooke, P., MacNeill, S. ve Mateos-Garcia, J. (2009) The Geography of Creativity, NESTA.
• DTI (2001) Industrial Clusters in the UK, A first As- sessment Department of Trade and Industry.
• Flegg, A.T., Webber, C.D. ve Elliott, M.V. (1995) “On the Appropriate Use of Location Quotients in Ge- nerating Regional Input-Output Tables” Regional Studies, 29(6):547-561.
• Florida, R. (2002) The Rise of the Creative Class: and How It’s Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Occupational Approaches” Economic Development Quar- Everyday Life, New York, Basic Books. terly, 22(1): 24-45.
• Florida, R. (2005) Cities and the Creative Class, New York, Routledge.
• Foord, J. (2008) “Strategies for Creative Industri- es: An International Review” Creative Industries Journal, 1(2):91-113.
• Frenken, K., Van Oort, F. ve Verburg, T. (2007) “Re- lated Variety, Unrelated Variety and Regional Economic Growth” Regional Studies, 41(5):685-697.
• Frontier Economics (2007) “Creative Industry Spillo- vers – Understanding Their Impact On The Wider Eco- nomy” DCMS.
• Frontier Economics (2009) Creative Industry Perfor- mance, DCMS.
• Gordon, I.R. ve McCann, P. (2000) “Industrial Clus- ters: Complexes, Agglomeration and/or Social Networks?” Urban Studies, 37(3):513-532.
• Güçlü, M. (2013) “Manufacturing and Regional Eco- nomic Growth in Turkey: A Spatial Econometric View of Kaldor’s Laws” European Planning Studies, 21(6): 854-866.
• Gülersoy, Z.N., Ayataç, H., Önem, B. ve Arslanlı, K.Y. (2006) “Teknokentler ve Teknoloji Geliştirme Böl- geleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma” İBB Yerleşmeler ve Kentsel Dönüşüm Müdürlüğü/İTÜ Çevre ve Şehircilik UYG-AR Merkezi.
• Güran, M.C. ve Seçilmiş, İ.E. (2013) “Ankara Kül- tür Ekonomisi: Sektörel Büyüklüklerin Değerlendirilme- si” Kültür Mirası ve Kültür Ekonomisi Envanteri Projesi http://www.envanter.gov.tr/files/kultur-ekonomisi/ake. pdf, (29.10.2013)
• Hall, P. (2000) “Creative Cities and Economic Deve- lopment” Urban Studies, 37(4): 639-649.
• İZKA (2013) “İzmir 2012 Kültür Ekonomisi, Kül- tür Altyapısı Envanteri ve İzmir Kültür Ekonomisi Ge- lişme Stratejisi Projesi” İzmir Kalkınma Ajansı, http:// izka.org.tr/files/planlama/2_bolge_plani_dokumanla- ri/2014-2023/izmir_kultur_stratejisi.pdf, (22.04.2014)
• Klosterman, R.E. (1990) Community Analysis and Plan- ning Techniques, Maryland, Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
• Lazzeretti, L., Boix, R. ve Capone, F. (2008) “Do Cre- ative Industries Cluster? Mapping Creative Local Produc- tion Systems in Italy and Spain” Industry & Innovation, 15(5):549-567.
• Lazzeretti, L., Capone, F. ve Boix, R. (2012) “Reasons for Clustering of Creative Industries in Italy and Spain” European Planning Studies, 20(8): 1243-1262.
• Markusen, A., Wassall, G.H., DeNatale, D. ve Cohen, R. (2008) “Defining the Creative Economy: Industry and
• Miller, M.M., Gibson, L.J. ve Wright, N.G. (1991) “Location Quotient A Basic Tool for Economic Develop- ment Analysis” Economic Development Review, 9(2): 65- 68.
• Moineddin, R., Beyene, J. ve Boyle, E. (2003) “On the Location Quotient Confidence Interval” Geographical Analysis, 35(3):249-256.
• Porter, M. E. (2000) “Location, Competition and Economic Development: Local Clusters in a Global Eco- nomy” Economic Development Quarterly, 14(1):15-34.
• Pratt, A.C. (1997) “The Cultural Industries Pro- duction System: A Case Study of Employment Chan- ge in Britain, 1984-91” Environment and Planning A, 29(11):1953-1974.
• Scott, A.J. (2006) “Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Industrial Development: Geography and the Creative Fi- eld Revisited” Small Business Economics, 26(1):1-24.
• Środa-Murawska, S. ve Szymańska, D. (2013) “The Concentration of the Creative Sector Firms As a Potential Basis for the Formation of Creative Clusters in Poland” Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 20(1):85-93.
• Stam, E., De Jong, J.P.J. ve Marlet, G. (2008) “Creati- ve Industries in the Netherlands: Structure, Development, Innovativeness and Effects on Urban Growth” Geograkis- ka Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 90(2): 119-132.
• Turok, I. (2003) “Cities, Clusters and Creative In- dustries: The Case of Film and Television in Scotland” European Planning Studies, 11(5):549-565.
• Uçkan, Ö. (2010) “Politika Yapım Süreci ve Yöneti- şim: Türkiye’de Bilgi Toplumu ve Bilgi Ekonomisi Poli- tikalarının Üretiminde Yönetişim Fobisi” Çukurçayır vd. (eds.) Yönetişim: Kuram, Uygulama ve Boyutlar, Konya, Çizgi Kitabevi.
• UNCTAD (2008) “The Challenge of Assessing the Creative Economy: toward Informed Policy-making” Creative Economy Report 2008 United Nations Confe- rence on Trade and Development.
• UNCTAD (2010) “Creative Economy: A Feasible Development Option” Creative Economy Report 2010 United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
• Vom Hofe, R. ve Chen, K. (2006) “Whither or not Industrial Cluster: Conclusions or Confusions?”, The In- dustrial Geographer, 4(1):2-28.